ISO 15926 and RDF statements

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ISO 15926 and RDF statements DEPUIS - Rome 14 th , 15 th May David Leal, CAESAR Systems Limited

description

ISO 15926 and RDF statements. DEPUIS - Rome 14 th , 15 th May. David Leal, CAESAR Systems Limited. Using emerging technologies. Identifying things by HTTP URIs getting data about them by “ dereferencing ” Data as RDF statements readable RDF as N3 a little bit of formality from OWL - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Transcript of ISO 15926 and RDF statements

Page 1: ISO 15926 and RDF statements

ISO 15926 and RDF statements

DEPUIS - Rome 14th, 15th May

David Leal, CAESAR Systems Limited

Page 2: ISO 15926 and RDF statements

Using emerging technologies

• Identifying things by HTTP URIs– getting data about them by “dereferencing”

• Data as RDF statements– readable RDF as N3– a little bit of formality from OWL

• The importance of standard RDF vocabularies– This is what will make it work– This is our task

Page 3: ISO 15926 and RDF statements

About URIs• a URI is just a string of characters

– They are unique identifiers for things, which are used on the web– A thing can have more than one URI, but a URI identifies only one

thing

• HTTP URI– formerly called a URL– The use of an HTTP URI implies that an HTTP (HyperText Transfer

Protocol) access, e.g. from a browser, is valid– But you may be disappointed and get “error 404” – no answer was

the stern reply

• a URN– A URI which does not imply any form of access– used by some organisations – e.g. ISO, ISBN– urn:iso:std:iso:15926:-2

The Web is based upon HTTP URIs – don’t worry about URNs

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What a URI identifies

• a web page– http://www.iom3.org/index.htm– You can open it with your browser – data is downloaded– You can follow links to other web pages

• an object– http://www.iom3.org/– This is the organisation Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining– It has a Royal Charter – it cannot be downloaded to a browser

• a formula– http://www.iom3.org/formula.n3– This is a computer interpretable file of RDF statements about the

IoM3– It can be process by Semantic Web browser or by an application

Uniform Resource Identifier

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Dereferencing a URI

• If the URI identifies a web page – you get it

• If the URI identifies an RDF formula – you get it

• It the URI identifies an object ....– The object could be the Eiffel Tower, or the Institute of Materials –

neither can be downloaded to your browser– either you get nothing (error 404), or you are redirected to

a “representation”

“dereferencing” means attempting to get some data. You can only dereference an HTTP URI.

access to http://www.iom3.org/ is redirected to http://www.iom3.org/index.htm

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Semantic Web technologies

• RDF (Resource Description Framework)– making statements on the Web– http://www.w3.org/RDF/

• N3 (Notation 3)– a simple way of writing down an RDF statement– http://www.w3.org/TeamSubmission/n3/

An opportunity to:

• record information more simply• enable others to use our concepts• use the concepts of others

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Cool URIs for the Semantic Web

• How it can work– an overview of how to use HTML and RDF together– http://www.w3.org/TR/cooluris/

A key document:

• latest version 31st March 2008

Page 8: ISO 15926 and RDF statements

Jane

believes

Getting started

Janet Johnloves

RDF diagram

N3

:Janet :loves :John .:Jane :believes { }

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Getting started

people:Janet relationship:loves people:John .

@prefix people: <http://www.friends-are-us.com/registry/> .

@prefix relationships: <http://www.institute-of_relationships.org/vocabulary#> .

namespacesidentify the people

identify the human relationships

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….. or as XML

<?xml version="1.0"?><!DOCTYPE rdf:RDF [ <!ENTITY rdf "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"> <!ENTITY people "http://www.friends-are-us.com/registry/"> <!ENTITY relationships "http://www.institute-of_relationships.org/vocabulary#">]>

<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="&rdf;" xmlns:relationships="&relationships;">

<rdf:Description rdf:about="&people;Janet"> <relationships:loves rdf:resource="&people;John“/> </rdf:Description>

</rdf:RDF>

no more precise – and not as readable

Page 11: ISO 15926 and RDF statements

Clever browsershttp://www.iom3.org/index.htm

click to view the formula

The IoM3 has not implemented this – yet

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Clever browsers

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Suppose you want a formula

• Usually redirection takes you to an HTML web page

– This is good, because a person may need to know what a URI identifies – the web page can tell him or her

• If an application want the formula, then there are two options:

– content negotiation – the HTTP protocol allows the GET request to specify the required format – RDF can be specified

– link from the HTML file – this is hidden in the header and is used by applications when required

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Suppose you want a formulahttp://www.iom3.org/index.htm

link to the formula

<html> <head> <title>IOM3 - Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining</title>

<link rel="alternate" type="application/rdf+xml" title="RDF Representation" href="http://www.iom3.org/formula.n3" />

<meta name="description" content="Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining“/>

<meta name="keywords" content="IOM3, IOM, IMM, materials, world, academy, profession, science, engineering, metals, ceramics, polymers, glass, rubber, minerals, mining, plastics, institute, careers, jobs, journals, education"/>

......

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Suppose you want a formulahttp://www.iom3.org/formula.n3

@prefix con: <http://www.w3.org/2000/10/swap/pim/contact#>.@prefix tabont: <http://dig.csail.mit.edu/2005/ajar/ajaw/ont#> .@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .@prefix dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/> .

<http://www.iom3.org/> a eng-sci:EngineeringInstitution ; dc:title "Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining" ; con:phone <tel:+44 (0)20 7451 7300> ; foaf:webpage <http://www.iom3.org/index.htm> .

<http://www.iom3.org/congress-2008> a eng-sci:Conference ; dc:title "Materials Congress 2008 - Materials for the Future" ; tabont:isMentionedIn <http://www.iom3.org/congress-2008/formula.n3> .

......

vocabulary about engineering organisations

and events

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An individual producthttp://packing-machinery.cn/item/08-12345

item/08-12345

Ruian Zhuxin Machinery Co. Ltd.manufactured by

type

model/ML1800

– person readable nameplate

– bar code

– RFID

specified as:

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An individual producthttp://packing-machinery.cn/item/08-12345

@prefix rzm: <http://packing-machinery.cn/> .@prefix iso: <http://www.tc184-sc4.org/vocabulary#> .

http://packing-machinery.cn/item/08-12345/formula.n3

dereference to get a formula about the model

rzm:item/08-12345 iso:manufacturedBy <http://packing-machinery.cn> ; a rzm:model/ML1800 .

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A class of producthttp://packing-machinery.cn/model/ML1800

@prefix rzm: <http://packing-machinery.cn/> .@prefix iso: <http://www.tc184-sc4.org/vocabulary#> .@prefix packing <http://www.packing.association.org/vocabulary#> .

http://packing-machinery.cn/model/ML1800/formula.n3

rzm:model/ML1800 iso:hasMass [ scale:kilogram 14000] ; packing:maximum_rule_length [ scale:metre 50 ] ; packing:speed [ scale:perMinute 16 ] ; packing:motorPower [ scale:kilowatt 11 ] ; ......

who defines the vocabularies?– an ISO or IEC committee– a trade association

The Ruian Zhuxin Machinery Co has not

implemented this – yet – as far as I know

Page 19: ISO 15926 and RDF statements

What is ISO 15926 for?

• To record facts, by the use of reference data

• To record changes

• Each fact can have a separate audit trail

• Support for data warehousing– Large scope requires simple and generic

approach

Page 20: ISO 15926 and RDF statements

Simple connection example

thanks to Hans Teijgeler

pipe A-256-h pump P-101

2″ 300# RF

2″ 150# RF

2″ 300/150# RFconnection

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Simple connection example

pipe A-256-h pump P-101

2″ 300# RF

2″ 150# RF

connection assembly C-101

thanks to Hans Teijgeler

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Simple connection example

pipe A-256-h pump P-101

connection assemblyC-101

pipe A-256end 2 flange

connectionassembly

C-101

pump P-101suction nozzle

flange

thanks to Hans Teijgeler

part of part of

type

2″ 300# RF

type

2″ 150# RF

type

2″ 300/150# RFconnection

Page 23: ISO 15926 and RDF statements

Simple connection example

thanks to Hans Teijgeler

pipe A-256end 2 flange

connectionassembly

C-101

part

classifier

2″ 300/150# RFconnection

compositionwhole

classification

classified

pipe A-256-h pump P-101

connection assemblyC-101

in ISO 15926-2 but not needed for RDF implementation

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Simple connection example

pipe A-256-h pump P-101

connection assemblyC-101

pipe A-256end 2 flange

connectionassembly

C-101

pump P-101suction nozzle

flange

thanks to Hans Teijgeler

part of part of

type

2″ 300# RF

type

2″ 150# RF

type

2″ 300/150# RFconnection

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Simple connection example

pipe A-256-h pump P-101

connection assemblyC-101

unit45:A-256-h_end2_fl a api:fl_2in_300pd_rf ;

iso:partOf unit45:C_101 ;

iso:partOf unit45:A-256-h .

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Simple connection example

pipe A-256-h pump P-101

connection assemblyC-101

unit45:A-256-h_end2_fl a api:fl_2in_300pd_rf ;

iso:partOf unit45:C_101 ;

iso:partOf unit45:A-256-h .

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Simple connection example

pipe A-256-h pump P-101

connection assemblyC-101

unit45:A-256-h_end2_fl a api:fl_2in_300pd_rf ;

iso:partOf unit45:C_101 ;

iso:partOf unit45:A-256-h .

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Simple connection example

pipe A-256-h pump P-101

connection assemblyC-101

unit45:A-256-h_end2_fl a api:fl_2in_300pd_rf ;

iso:partOf unit45:C_101 ;

iso:partOf unit45:A-256-h .

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Simple connection example

pipe A-256-h pump P-101

connection assemblyC-101

@prefix unit45: <http://www.con-oil.com/project4/unit45/> .

unit45:A-256-h_end2_fl a api:fl_2in_300pd_rf ;

iso:partOf unit45:C_101 ;

iso:partOf unit45:A-256-h .

URIs assigned by the user

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Simple connection example

pipe A-256-h pump P-101

connection assemblyC-101

@prefix unit45: <http://www.con-oil.com/project4/unit45/> .

unit45:A-256-h_end2_fl a api:fl_2in_300pd_rf ;

iso:partOf unit45:C_101 ;

iso:partOf unit45:A-256-h .

URI assigned by a standard body – standard pipe fitting classes

@prefix api: <http://www.api.org/standard/pipefitting/> .

Page 31: ISO 15926 and RDF statements

Simple connection example

pipe A-256-h pump P-101

connection assemblyC-101

@prefix unit45: <http://www.con-oil.com/project4/unit45/> .

URI assigned by a standard body – standard pipe fitting classes

@prefix api: <http://www.api.org/standard/pipefitting/> .

@prefix iso: <http://www.tc184-sc4.org/15926/-2/tech/reference-data#> .

unit45:A-256-h_end2_fl a api:fl_2in_300pd_rf ;

iso:partOf unit45:C_101 ;

iso:partOf unit45:A-256-h .

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Making this happen

• Users assign URIs to things– cool URIs don’t change

• Standard bodies provide vocabularies– ISO does generic stuff– Trade associations do more detailed

stuff

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Basic vocabulary and reference data

ISO 15926-2

philosophy

basic engineering

ISO 15926-4processoil and gas

supplierparts

thing

individual

flange

2" flange raised face flange

API 2″ 300# RF

composition

classification

commodities ISO + tradeassociations

suppliers andmanufacturers

Fred Bloggs part type A1234-5

20

200

20,000

2,000,000

??,000,000

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Looking forward to LCA data

• A vocabulary for recording LCA data– derived from ISO 14048 “Environmental management — Life

cycle assessment — Data documentation format”

• LCA data about “supplier parts” published on the web by a manufacturer or supplier

• LCA data about commodities published by trade associations– including LCA data for energy supplies

• LCA data for generic classes of product provided by LCA authorities– EU LCA InfoHub

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LCA data in the formulahttp://packing-machinery.cn/model/ML1800

http://packing-machinery.cn/model/ML1800/formula.n3

• Each item of model ML1800 requires:– emissions of 25 kg CO2 to produce;– emissions of -4 kg CO2 to dispose (negative because recycling displaces mineral

extraction);– emission of 0.001kg CO2 per hour to run (European electricity generation mix).

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LCA data in the formulahttp://packing-machinery.cn/model/ML1800

http://packing-machinery.cn/model/ML1800/formula.n3

rzm:model/ML1800 lca:unitProductionCO2emission [ scale:kilogram 25 ] ;

lca:unitDisposalCO2emission [ scale:kilogram -4 ] ;

lca:hourUseCO2emission [ scale:kilogram 0.001 ] .

actually it is more complicated

Page 37: ISO 15926 and RDF statements

Actually it is more complicated

ML1800

flow 1

output flow

manufacture of 1ML1800 item

reference output

atmosphere

CO2

destination

material

substance

25 kg

amount

flow 2

SO2

material

substance

0.01 kg

amountdestination

flow 3

output flow output flow

objects and relationships defined in ISO 14048

but not different in principle

Page 38: ISO 15926 and RDF statements

Actually it is more complicated

rxm:process/ML1800

lca:hasOutputFlow

[ a lca:ReferenceFlow ;

lca:destination lca:Technosphere ;

lca:material [ lca:loadOf rxm:model/ML1800 ;

lca:numberInLoad 1 ] ] ;

lca:hasOutputFlow

[ lca:destination lca:Atmosphere ;

lca:Material [ a iupac:CarbonDioxide ;

lca:amount [ scale:kilogram 25 ] ] ] ;

lca:hasOutputFlow

[ lca:destination lca:Atmosphere ;

lca:Material [ a iupac:SulfurDioxide ;

lca:amount [ scale:kilogram 0.01 ] ] ] ;

......

vocabulary for LCA from ISO 14048

URI for substances from somewhere?

Page 39: ISO 15926 and RDF statements

Making this work

• Material products have HTTP URIs– A new business process

• Dereferencing gives:– Web page of information about the product – Web 1.0– RDF formula about the product – Web 3.0

• Standard vocabularies to use in the formulae– Vocabularies for product properties– Vocabularies for LCA

• LCA data published using the same approach– Products have URIs, dereferencing give LCA data

Page 40: ISO 15926 and RDF statements

A future scenario

classes of supply with LCA data – LCA catalogues linked to industrial catalogues

class A class B class C class D class D

product

supply 1

supply 2

supply x

supply y

supply z

subclass of

LCA data fromanalysis of supply

subclass of

subclass of

LCA data fromanalysis of supply