Islam’s Impact on Europe. Caliphates – Causes Arab soldiers committed to the promise of plunder...
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Transcript of Islam’s Impact on Europe. Caliphates – Causes Arab soldiers committed to the promise of plunder...
Islam’s Impact on Europe
Caliphates – Causes
• Arab soldiers committed to the promise of plunder unified around Islam and conquered territory from Spain to India across North Africa, Arabia and Anatolia
• Weak Sassanid and Byzantine Empires made conquest easier
• Followers were attracted to ideas of equality among believers and familiar with monotheism from Jewish and Christian traditions
Effects• Caliphate’s introduced bureaucratic structure and
established first Muslim Empire• Arabs, Persians and other groups unified politically and
culturally as Muslims• Trade flourished, as merchants agreed on a common set of
Muslim business dealings• Intellectual development led to algebra, preservation of
Classical texts especially those of the Greeks• Mosques, hospitals, schools, orphanages and the House of
Wisdom were built• Islam spread via trade routes to West Africa and to
Southeast via the Indian Ocean to Central Asia and China via the Silk Routes
Political
• Battle of Tours in 732AD stopped the Muslim advance into Europe and left only Spain in Muslim control.
• In 1096 Western Christians marched through the Byzantine Empire to take back the Holy Land from the Muslims.
• This conflict brought about the end of the feudal system in Western Europe.
Economic
• Increased interaction with the Islamic Empire during the Crusades led to a revival of European trade with Asia.
• This trade led to a rise in the economic prosperity of Western Europe
Geographic
• Islam spread into Africa, Asia, and Spain because of common language
Social
• Increased interaction with the Islamic Empire as a result of the Crusades opened Europeans up to new knowledge of science, medicine, and technology from the Muslims.
• Cordoba Spain was a cultural hub of the Islamic Empire in Europe.
• Europeans adopted Indian numerals from the Muslims
Religion Interaction• Before Muslim control, Jews ostracized• Spain = center of Muslim control with lots of
Jews– Under Muslim control, Cordoba becomes Western
Europe’s biggest city• Muslim practice of tolerance = everyone treated
well• Muslims don’t pay taxes– Jews and Christians pay taxes– Jewish bankers charge interest for loans and extend
credit for businesses• Reconquista – Christians try to recapture Spain– Successful under Ferdinand and Isabella