ISLAMISM IN EGYPT. WHAT IS POLITICAL ISLAM Perception vs. Reality What are the popular perceptions?...
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Transcript of ISLAMISM IN EGYPT. WHAT IS POLITICAL ISLAM Perception vs. Reality What are the popular perceptions?...
ISLAMISM IN EGYPT
WHAT IS POLITICAL ISLAM
Perception vs. Reality
What are the popular perceptions?
What does Charles Hirschkind say?
The political and non-political
Moving beyond Din wa Dawla
ISLAMISM
What is it? What is a Social Movement?
“Collective challenges to existing arrangements of power and distribution by people with common purposes and solidarity, in sustained interaction with elites, opponents, and authorities”
What does that really mean? Focusing on methods employed by challengers Disruptive vs. Moderate tactics
The Problem of Institutionalization Repression-Moderation Dilemma
CASE STUDY OF ISLAMISM: WHY THE MUSLIM BROTHERHOOD IN EGYPT
Most powerful opposition to the Egyptian regime. They are banned. Can they tell us more about Islamist movements in the Middle East?
Historical context
Anthropological Perspective
Social Movement Theories
Political Science
EGYPTIAN HISTORY: POLITICAL STRUCTURES Islamic History in Egypt
Ottoman Empire
British Colonialism
Rise of the Muslim Brotherhood
Nasser (1952-1973): Arab Socialism
Sadat (1973-1981): Liberalization
Mubarak (1981-Present): Religious Awakening and Gil as-Sab`inat (The 70s generation)
RADICALISM: CASE STUDY AL-GAMA`A AL-ISLAMIYYAH
Isolated in Upper Egypt in 1980s Ran 150 mosques, conferences in mosques
Developed their own security 1990: Security Forces assassinated `Ala’ Muhyi al-Din (Spokesperson of the al-Gama`a)
Gama`a in retaliation killed Speaker of the Parliament
March 1992: Sectarian clashes
1995 PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS
53 Died; 601 injured Jan 22, 1995: 27 MBs arrested July 28, 1995: 200 arrested Sept, 1995: 5 arrested Oct, 1995: 21 arrested Nov, 1995: 6 arrested Dec, 1995: 95 arrested Total 81 transferred to military courts: 54 sent to jail for 3-5 years; 27 found innocent
THE SPLIT WITHIN THE MB
SPLIT CONTINUED
SPLIT CONTINUED
A LOOK AT THE ENGINEERS’ ASSOCIATION Engineers’ Assoc. also PA that Madi led as second in
command. Looking at 1988-1995 Nov. 1988: Conference on affordable housing with
Minister of Housing and Development Jan. 1989: Seminar on unemployment in Egyptian society
and engineers Feb. 1990: Seminar on Freedom and Development Feb 19-21, 1992: Seminar on the debates within
Sciences, Research, and Development June 1992: Seminar on Terrorism—Causes, Effects, and
Possible Solutions Nov 1994: Seminar on improving engineering education
globally Engineers’ Assoc had 40 committees: Treasury, Housing,
Sinai Development, Rebuilding effort in Lebanon and Bosnia, etc.
Annual Syndical Conferences were held where PAs discussed everything from development to national health issues , unemployment, civil liberties, domestic policies, research, torture, international relations, etc