Comparative Study of Religions

Islam, Christianity and Judaism

http://ciit-telecom-1-c.4shared.com

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Group Members Muhammad Zulfiqar Siddique Khan

FA07-BET-119 Naveed Abdul Sattar

FA07-BET-122 Qasim Javed Bukhari

FA07-BET-127 Rizwan Ghani

FA07-BET-131 Sami-ur-Rehman

FA07-BET-145

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Judaism Moses and Abraham Torah (Holy-Book) Monotheism Halakhah Law

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Region of Judaism Israel 2000 BCE Language “Hebrew”

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Essentials of Judaism A kippah (skull cap) Tzitzit (prayer shawl) Tefillin (two boxes containing Bible) A kittel (over garment, worn by prayer leaders)

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Teachings of Judaism Monotheism Torah is divine revelation 7 , main text contain (sub-text) 13 points (controversial)

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13 points of Judaism1. Creator, alone made every thing, doing well2. One, Only God3. Not a human, free from physical matter 4. First and Last5. Only to pray 6. All works of Prophets are true7. Moses, teacher, chief of Prophets8. Torah is the only revelation

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13 points of Judaism

9. They Believe that Torah will not be changed10. God knows all deeds of human11. Reward and Punishment on deeds12. Belief on Messiah, will come13. It will come and please the Creator

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Prayers of Judaism 3 times a day

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Holiday in Judaism Saturday

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House of Payer Synagogue

Jerusalem Synagogue

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Temple Mount is the holiest site in Judaism

The Western Wall

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Regions Israel Germany Poland North Africa USA UK Canada Argentina

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Christianity Jesus Bible (Jewish Bible + New Testament) Jesus is the Son of God Cannon Law Languages “Aramaic, Greek”

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History of Christianity 1st century AD Jerusalem Christianity began as a sect within Judaism

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Region of Christianity 33 BC Palestine

Text of Christianity Bible Total 73 Main 4

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Beliefs of Christianity Jesus the Christ ( Son of God ) , Messiah The Death and Resurrection of Jesus Salvation The Trinity Scriptures

Places of Worship Church

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Islam 622 CE Means “Submission of Allah’s Will” Adherent of Islam is knows as “Muslim” Muhammad (SAW) is Last Prophet Require to observe Five Pillars

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Basic Beliefs Belief in one God (Allah Almighty) Belief in all Prophets Belief in all Books reveled by Allah Belief in Angles Belief in Day of Judgment

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Five Pillars of Islam The shahadah (Kalmah Shahadat) Salah Zakat Sawm Hajj

Unite Muslims in one Community

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Islam Prophet Muhammad (SAW) Quran Sharia (The Islamic Law) Hadith

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Teachings of Islam Worships

Salat (Prayer) Saum (Fasting) Hajj Zakat (Charity)

All people are created Equal A complete way to lead a life

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Larders in Islam Prophet Muhammad (SAW)

Ahl-e-Bayt Sahabah

Khulfa-e-Rashedeen Imams

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Text & Books of Islam Qur'an Sunnah Hadith Fiqh Sharia Kalam Tasawwuf (Sufism)

Places of Worship Mosques

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Major branches Sunni Shi'a

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Muslims About 1.1 to 1.8 Billion 2nd Largest Religion in World

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Largest Populations1. Indonesia (183 million)2. Pakistan (134 million)3. India (121 million)4. Bangladesh (114 million)5. Turkey (66 million)6. Iran (62 million)7. Egypt (59 million)8. Nigeria (53 million)9. Algeria (31 million)10. Morocco (29 million)

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Social Effects of Religion Belief Solved problems like

Economical Political Moral and etc.

Benefits in Quite a Variety of Way Physical Health Punctuality Satisfaction Charity Unity

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Comparison of Origin and HistoryIslam Judaism Christianity

Date founded 622 AD Unknown 33 BC

Place founded Saudi Arabia Palestine Palestine

Prophets Muhammad (SAW) Moses or Abraham Jesus

Original language(s) Arabic Hebrew Aramaic, Greek

Early expansion Within 12 years, entire Arabian

peninsula; within 100 years, Muslim

world stretched from the Atlantic to

china

Little expansion; mostly confined to

Palestine

Within 60 years, churches

Major cities in Palestine, turkey, Greece and Rome

(map); entire roman empire by end of 4th

cent.

major splits Shia/Sunni, c. 650 BC

Reform/Orthodox, 1800s BC

Catholic/Orthodox, 1054 BC; Catholic/Protestant, 1500s BC

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Comparison of Religious Beliefs

Islam Judaism Christianity

Type of theism Strict monotheism

Strict monotheism Trinitarian monotheism

Ultimate reality One God One God One God

Names of God Allah (Arabic for God)

Yahweh, Elohim Yahweh, the holy trinity

Other spiritual beings

Angels, demons, jinn

Angels and demons

Angels and demons

Revered humans Prophets, imams Prophets Saints, church fathers

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Comparison of Religious Beliefs

Islam Judaism Christianity

Identity of Jesus True prophet of God, whose

message has been corrupted

False prophet Son of God, God incarnate, savior of

the world

Birth of Jesus Virgin birth Normal birth Virgin birth

Death of Jesus Did not die, but ascended into heaven during

crucifixion

Death by crucifixion Death by crucifixion

Resurrection of Jesus

Denied Denied Affirmed

Second coming of Jesus

Affirmed Denied Denied

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Comparison of Religious Beliefs

Islam Judaism Christianity

Divine revelation Through Muhammad,

recorded in Qur'an

Through prophets, recorded in bible

Through prophets and Jesus (as god

himself), recorded in bible

View of sacred text Inspired, literal word of god,

inerrant in original languages

Views vary Inspired, some believe inerrant in original languages

Human nature Equal ability to do good or evil

Two equal impulses, one good and one

bad

"Original sin" inherited from adam - tendency towards

evil

God's role in salvation

Predestination Divine revelation and forgiveness

Predestination, various forms of

grace

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Comparison of Religious Beliefs

Islam Judaism Christianity

Good afterlife Eternal paradise Views vary: either heaven or no

afterlife

Eternal heaven

Bad afterlife Eternal hell Views vary: either eternal gehenna,

reincarnation, or no afterlife

Eternal hell, temporary purgatory

(catholicism)

View of fellow abrahamic religions

Jews and christians are respected as

"people of the book," but they

have wrong beliefs and only partial

revelation.

Islam and christianity are false interpretations and

extensions of judaism.

Judaism is a true religion, but with

incomplete revelation. Islam is a

false religion.

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Comparison of Statistics and Basics Islam Judaism Christianity

adherents called Muslims Jews Christians

major concentration

Middle East, Southeast Asia

Israel, Europe, USA

Europe, North and South America, rapid growth in

Africa

sacred text Qur'an (Koran) Bible (Torah) Bible (Jewish Bible + New Testament)

other written authority

Hadith Talmud, Midrash, Responsa

Talmud, Midrash, Responsa church

fathers, church councils, papal

decrees (Catholic only)

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Comparison of Statistics and Basics

Islam Judaism Christianity

Religious law Sharia Halakhah Canon law

Clergy Imams Rabbis Priests, ministers, pastors, bishops

House of worship Mosque Synagogue Church, chapel, cathedral

Main day of worship

Friday Saturday Sunday

Religion and state Integrated Separate Separate

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Why Differences ? Don’t won’t to reject their ancestors

Teachings No Practice of Teaching

References www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/islam www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/christianity www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/judaism

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Thank you