Islamic Civilization By Kim Jones October 12, 2007.
-
Upload
clarence-mcdaniel -
Category
Documents
-
view
213 -
download
0
Transcript of Islamic Civilization By Kim Jones October 12, 2007.
Islamic Civilization Islamic Civilization
By Kim JonesBy Kim Jones
October 12, 2007October 12, 2007
IntroductionIntroduction
Originates in ArabiaOriginates in Arabia Founder is MuhammadFounder is Muhammad Large empires builtLarge empires built Faith spreads: Faith spreads:
1. conquest1. conquest
2. trade2. trade Cultural advancementsCultural advancements
GeographyGeography
Bedouins – desert nomadsBedouins – desert nomads Merchant caravansMerchant caravans Trade routes develop - MakkahTrade routes develop - Makkah
Muhammad’s TeachingsMuhammad’s Teachings
Allah – “Surrendering to the will of Allah – “Surrendering to the will of God”God”
All people are equalAll people are equal Rich should share with the poorRich should share with the poor Lead a good life = rewardLead a good life = reward Evildoers punishedEvildoers punished Quran = holy book of IslamQuran = holy book of Islam
Opposition to IslamOpposition to Islam
Wealthy merchants & religious Wealthy merchants & religious leadersleaders
Take away powerTake away power Beat and tortured followersBeat and tortured followers Hijrah – move to Yathrib (Madinah)Hijrah – move to Yathrib (Madinah)
GovernmentGovernment Islamic state – political power to Islamic state – political power to
uphold Islamuphold Islam Muhammad built an army in MadinahMuhammad built an army in Madinah A.D. 630 Makkah signs treaty & A.D. 630 Makkah signs treaty &
becomes Islam’s holy city becomes Islam’s holy city Law code based on Quran & SunnaLaw code based on Quran & Sunna
The 5 Pillars of IslamThe 5 Pillars of Islam
1.1. Confession of faithConfession of faith
2.2. Prayer five times a dayPrayer five times a day
3.3. Alms – giving to the poor (charity)Alms – giving to the poor (charity)
4.4. Ramadan – ritual fastingRamadan – ritual fasting
5.5. Pilgrimage to MakkahPilgrimage to Makkah
Growing EmpiresGrowing Empires First caliph – Abu Bakr First caliph – Abu Bakr
spread to all Arabiaspread to all Arabia Second caliph – Umar Second caliph – Umar
spread to Syria, Egypt, and Persiaspread to Syria, Egypt, and Persia Third caliph – Uthman spread into Third caliph – Uthman spread into
Afghanistan and eastern Afghanistan and eastern MediterraneanMediterranean
By A.D. 750 Islam spread throughout By A.D. 750 Islam spread throughout North Africa and into modern day SpainNorth Africa and into modern day Spain
Ottoman Empire (Turks) – Suleiman IOttoman Empire (Turks) – Suleiman I Moguls (India) - AkbarMoguls (India) - Akbar
Islam SplitsIslam Splits
Sunnis – the teachings of MuhammadSunnis – the teachings of Muhammad Shiites – must be related to Shiites – must be related to
MuhammadMuhammad
Ummayads – First dynasty where Ummayads – First dynasty where rulers followed teachings of rulers followed teachings of Muhammad. Supported by SunnisMuhammad. Supported by Sunnis
Abassids – Dynasty after UmmayadsAbassids – Dynasty after Ummayads
Life in ArabiaLife in Arabia Sunna = customs based on Muhammad’s Sunna = customs based on Muhammad’s
words and deedswords and deeds Most Muslims – villagesMost Muslims – villages Traders’ success – Arabic language & Traders’ success – Arabic language &
coinscoins Cities – centers of government, learning, Cities – centers of government, learning,
& arts& arts Mosques – worship, schools, courtsMosques – worship, schools, courts
Social StructureSocial Structure Top: Government officials, landowners, Top: Government officials, landowners,
merchants/tradersmerchants/traders Artisans, farmers, workersArtisans, farmers, workers Bottom: Enslaved people – not MuslimsBottom: Enslaved people – not Muslims Men’s roles – government, society, Men’s roles – government, society,
businessbusiness Women’s roles – run families, inherit Women’s roles – run families, inherit
wealth, own propertywealth, own property
AhievementsAhievements Scholars preserved learningScholars preserved learning Algebra & Arabic numerals 0-9Algebra & Arabic numerals 0-9 Perfected Greek astrolabe to measure Perfected Greek astrolabe to measure
EarthEarth Founders of chemistry Founders of chemistry Al-Razi – chemist, developed system of Al-Razi – chemist, developed system of
categorizing, wrote books on identifying categorizing, wrote books on identifying diseases.diseases.
Ibn Sina – blood circulates, diseases Ibn Sina – blood circulates, diseases spreadspread
Art & ArchitectureArt & Architecture
Omar Khayyam – poet, Omar Khayyam – poet, mathematician, astronomer, mathematician, astronomer, philosopher. Rubaiyatphilosopher. Rubaiyat
The Thousand and One NightsThe Thousand and One Nights Art based on Islam – flowers, leaves, Art based on Islam – flowers, leaves,
starsstars Mosques & palacesMosques & palaces
QuizQuiz
What is the first pillar of Islam?What is the first pillar of Islam? A. Profession of faith that Allah is the onA. Profession of faith that Allah is the on
e and only God and that Mohammad is he and only God and that Mohammad is his prophet.is prophet.
B. The mosque is the only place to worsB. The mosque is the only place to worship.hip.
C. You must read the Quran every day.C. You must read the Quran every day.
You’re Correct!You’re Correct!
The first pillar of Islam was the The first pillar of Islam was the Profession of faith that Allah was the Profession of faith that Allah was the one and only God and that one and only God and that Muhammad was his prophet.Muhammad was his prophet.
Try Again!Try Again!
Works CitedWorks Cited