Islamic Art and Architecture 2009
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Transcript of Islamic Art and Architecture 2009
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Art & Architecture of the Middle
East and North AfricaBy Michelle Peck Williams
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REVIEW of the Middle East Canaan/Israel/Palestine
The Hebrews/Israelites/Jews
Judaism
Monotheism
Abraham (2000 BC?)
Jerusalem
Torah (Old Testament to Christians) Graven Imageconcept
Christianity
Jesus (4BC?)
Builds on Judaism but adds Jesus teachings,belief in Jesus as Messiah
Romans
Expel Jews, destroy temple in 70 AD
Persecute Christians but convert in 300s
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History of Islam 7th Century AD
Religion ofIslam started by Muhammad, in
what is now SaudiArabia. Muslims arefollowers, Islam is the religion.
8th Century AD & on
Islamic empire spreads throughout the MiddleEast, North Africa, Spain, Pakistan, India,
Bangladesh, Indonesia, etc.
1453
Ottoman Turks (Muslims) take overConstantinople & the Byzantine Empire,
renaming it Istanbul. 1492
Christians Ferdinand and Isabella defeat andkick out all the Muslims in Spain.
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Art Strict rules about graven images
meant you could NOT make a
picture of statue of God, a holyperson, etc.
Muhammads face is usually notshown.
Books can show historical
images but they are not forpraying to.
Some rules relaxed later in someplaces, like Iran (Persians).
So, instead, Islamic art focused onREPETITION, using: Geometric patterns
Arabesques
Calligraphy
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Geometric patterns
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Arabesques (curved designs)
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Calligraphy:Fancy Writing
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IslamicArchitecture
Mosque: place of worship
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Many mosques feature columns,domes and arches.
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Islamic architecture often uses anatrium plan.
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Minarets arethe towers
where themuezzin callspeople to
prayer.
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Inside, mosques are carpeted andyou must remove your shoes.
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Famous Mosques
The Kaaba, in Mecca, Saudi Arabia
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Famous Mosques
Medina
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Famous Mosques
The Dome of the Rock, inJerusalem, Israel
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More Dome of the Rock
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Dome of the Rock Interior
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Famous Mosques
The Great Mosque of Cordoba inSpain
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Other Famous Architecture:
The Taj Mahal in India
Its a tomb, but it looks like aMosque.
Built by Shah Jahan, a Muslim rulerof India in the 1600s.
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Other Famous Architecture
TheAlhambra in Spain
Its a palace (house).
lh b
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More Alhambra
lh b
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More Alhambra
M Alh b
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More Alhambra
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More Alhambra
W t
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Water Because they were a
desert culture, the earlyMuslims valued waterhighly, and oftenincorporated it intoarchitectural design.
Water is used forwashing before prayers,5 times a day.
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Y PROJECT
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Your PROJECT
Create an Islamic-style GeometricKaleidoscope design.
It must have RADIAL BALANCE.
You must color the whole thingwith RADIAL BALANCE with 3 or
more colors to get full credit.
I l i E it Sli
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Islamic Exit Slips
A. Explain ONE way the
BELIEFS of Islaminfluence the ART.
B. Explain ONE way youused Islamic style to
create your design.