ISLAM: Submission to the Will of Allah
description
Transcript of ISLAM: Submission to the Will of Allah
By: Ms. Susan M. PojerBy: Ms. Susan M. PojerHorace Greeley HS Horace Greeley HS
Chappaqua, NYChappaqua, NY
Timeline for ReligionsTimeline for Religions
Major Religions of the WorldMajor Religions of the WorldRanked by Number of AdherentsRanked by Number of Adherents
1.1. ChristianityChristianity: 2 billion: 2 billion2.2. IslamIslam: 1.3 billion: 1.3 billion3.3. HinduismHinduism: 900 million: 900 million4.4. Secular/Nonreligious/AgnosticSecular/Nonreligious/Agnostic
/Atheist/Atheist: 850 million: 850 million
5.5. BuddhismBuddhism: 360 million: 360 million6.6. Chinese traditional religionChinese traditional religion: :
225 million225 million7.7. African Traditional & African Traditional &
DiasporicDiasporic: 95 million: 95 million8.8. SikhismSikhism: 23 million: 23 million9.9. JudaismJudaism: 14 million: 14 million10.10. JainismJainism: 4 million: 4 million11.11. ShintoShinto: 4 million: 4 million
Buddhism
Hinduism
Islam
Christianity
The spread of universal religions from 300-1500 CEThe spread of universal religions from 300-1500 CE
Dar al-Islam Dar al-Islam The Expansion of Islam The Expansion of Islam
The Early Caliphs and the Umayyad DynastyThe Early Caliphs and the Umayyad Dynasty
IslamAn Abrahamic Religion
IslamAn Abrahamic Religion Muslims are strict monotheists.
They believe in the Judeo- Christian God, which they call Allah.
Muslims believe that the Torah and the Bible, like the Qur’an, is the word of God.
Peoples of the BookPeoples of the Book
Abraham’s GenealogyAbraham’s Genealogy
ABRAHAMABRAHAM SARAHSARAHHAGARHAGAR
IsaacIsaac
EsauEsauJacobJacob
12 Tribes of Israel
12 Tribes of Israel
Ishmael
Ishmael
12 Arabian Tribes
12 Arabian Tribes
The Prophetic Tradition
The Prophetic Tradition
Adam
Noah
Abraham
Moses
Jesus
Muhammad
The Origins of the Qur’an
The Origins of the Qur’an Muhammad received his first
revelation from the angel Gabriel in the Cave of Hira in 610.
622 Hijrah Muhammed flees Mecca for Medina. * The beginning of the Muslim calendar (1 A.H.)
God’s revelations through Muhammad were compiled into the Qur’an after his death.
The Qur’anThe Qur’an Muslims believe it contains the word of God.
114 suras (chapters).
In the name of Allah, the compassionate, the merciful. Written in Arabic.
1. The Shahada1. The Shahada
11
The testimony.
The declaration of faith:There is no god worthy of There is no god worthy of worship except God, andworship except God, andMuhammad is HisMuhammad is HisMessenger [or Prophet].Messenger [or Prophet].
There is no god worthy of There is no god worthy of worship except God, andworship except God, andMuhammad is HisMuhammad is HisMessenger [or Prophet].Messenger [or Prophet].
2. The Salat2. The Salat
22
The mandatory prayers performed 5 times a day: * dawn * noon * late afternoon * sunset * before going to bed
Wash before praying.
Face Mecca and use a prayer rug.
2. The Salat2. The Salat
22
The call to prayer by the muezzin in the minaret.
Pray in the mosque on Friday.
3. The Zakat3. The Zakat
33
Almsgiving (charitable donations).
Muslims believe that all things belong to God.
Zakat means both “purification” and “growth.”
About 2.5% of your income.
4. The Sawm4. The Sawm
44
Fasting during the holy month of Ramadan.
Considered a method of self- purification.
No eating or drinking from sunrise to sunset during Ramadan.
Eid MubarakEid Mubarak
End of the Ramadan holiday.
5. The Hajj5. The Hajj
55
The pilgrimage to Mecca.
Must be done at least once in a Muslim’s lifetime, if health and finances allow.
2-3 million Muslims make the pilgrimage every year.
5. The Hajj5. The Hajj
55
Those who complete the pilgrimage can add the title hajji to their name.
The Dar al-Islam
The Dar al-Islam
11 22 33 44 55
The WorldThe Worldof Islamof Islam
The WorldThe Worldof Islamof Islam
The MosqueThe Mosque The Muslim place of worship.
The Dome of the Rock Mosque in
Jerusalem
The Dome of the Rock Mosque in
Jerusalem
Mount Moriah Rockwhere Muhammad ascended into heaven.
Other Islamic Religious Practices
Other Islamic Religious Practices
Up to four wives allowed at once.
No alcohol or pork.
No gambling.
Sharia body of Islamic law to regulate daily living.
Three holiest cities in Islam: * Mecca, Medina, Jerusalem.
Essential Question:Essential Question:
Why was Islam able to spread so quickly and
convert so many to the new religion?
The Spread of IslamThe Spread of Islam Easy to learn and practice.
No priesthood.
Teaches equality.
Non-Muslims, who were “Peoples of the Book,” were allowed religious freedom, but paid additional taxes.
Easily “portable” nomads & trade routes.
Jihad (“Holy War”) against pagans and other non-believers (“infidels”).
REVIEW FOR MCQREVIEW FOR MCQ
Role of ReligionRole of Religion• SYMBOL: group identity and rallying point SYMBOL: group identity and rallying point
(like language) (like language) • CULTURECULTURE
– transmitters and identifierstransmitters and identifiers– Varies from dominating to unimportantVaries from dominating to unimportant– can influence the spread of languages to new can influence the spread of languages to new
peoples and areas (Arabic, Latin) peoples and areas (Arabic, Latin) • VALUE SYSTEM: VALUE SYSTEM:
– that unites and differentiates that unites and differentiates – obedience to doctrineobedience to doctrine
• RITUALS” when involving RITUALS” when involving – worship and faith in the sacred and divine worship and faith in the sacred and divine – prescribed patterns of behavior; prayer, special prescribed patterns of behavior; prayer, special
ritesrites
How it spreadsHow it spreads• PilgrimsPilgrims• Trade routesTrade routes• Geographic conduits/crossroads/ Geographic conduits/crossroads/
obstaclesobstacles• Conversion or forced acceptanceConversion or forced acceptance
– Exclusive or dual acceptanceExclusive or dual acceptance• Proselytizing –trying to convert Proselytizing –trying to convert
someone to a religionsomeone to a religion• Mission (latin root is to send off) Mission (latin root is to send off)
– duty to conduct such as Hajj– duty to conduct such as Hajj• DiasporaDiaspora
ComparisonsComparisons
ComparisonsComparisons