Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

21 The Spread of Islam

Name Class Date

The Spread of Islam History and Geography

Islam AdvancesIslam spread quickly following Muhammad’s death in 632. Muslim

armies brought Islam to other countries as they conquered new lands.

By 756 Islam had spread to Asia, North Africa, and a small part of

Europe. The Muslim advance into Europe was stopped in 732 when the

Franks defeated Muslim armies in a battle near the city of Tours, France.

MAP ACTIVITY

1. On the map, use a bright color to draw a line around the areas that became

Muslim land between 633 and 661.

2. On the map, use another bright color to draw a line around the areas that became

Muslim land between 662 and 750.

3. On the map, circle the battle sites.

4. Update the map legend to show the colors that you added to the map.

Tours

Kadisiya

Damascus

Jerusalem

ATLAS MOUNTA I NS

ALPS

CA UCASUS

ArabianPeninsula

HIN

DU

KUSHMOUN TA INS

ATLANTICOCEAN

Black Sea

Aegean Sea

CaspianSea

Persian Gulf

Red

Sea

Aral Sea

NileRi

ver

Indu

sRi

verMedi terranean Sea

ArabianSea

Alexandria

Constantinople

Antioch

Kabul

Cairo

Mecca

Medina

Baghdad

Samarqand

Tripoli

RomeCórdobaSPAIN

EGYPT

SYRIA PERSIA IND

IA

FRANCE

B Y Z A N T I N E E M P I R E

ASIAEUROPE

AFRICA

Territory added, 633–661

Territory added, 662–750

Battle site

Islamic lands at Muhammad’sdeath, 632

0 400 800 Miles

0 400 800 Kilometers

N

W E

S

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Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

22 The Spread of Islam

Name Class Date

Islam Advances, continued History and Geography

ANALYZING MAPS

1. Location What two bodies of water did the Muslim armies cross to reach

Constantinople?

2. Region What areas were Muslim lands by 750?

3. Place Which city in Muslim territory is farthest from Mecca? In which country is

it located?

4. Place What is the eastern most city in Muslim territory? What is the current

name of the country in which it is located?

5. Draw a Conclusion Why didn’t Islam spread throughout more of Europe?

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Answer Key

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

38 The Spread of Islam

Biography Abu BakrWHAT DID YOU LEARN? 1. Abu Bakr became the first caliph of Islam. 2. Possible responses: Abu Bakr wanted to

expand the Islamic faith.

LiteratureCALL-OUT BOXES 1. in Shiraz 2. transport the rider to distant places 3. possible answer: The daughter is a

member of nobility. The Hindu is just a common person.

4. possible answers: impatient, arrogant, know-it-all

ANALYZING LITERATURE 1. possible answer: A Hindu man offers

to sell his magical horse to the Sultan in order to marry the Sultan’s daughter. However, the Sultan wants his son to test the horse before he makes a deal. The son jumps on the horse before the Hindu man can explain what he has to do. The Sultan’s son is swept away.

2. Answers will vary, but students should use their imaginations to predict what happens to Prince after taking off on the enchanted horse and what becomes of the Hindu.

3. possible answers: the stories are interesting, full of adventure, and easy to read.

Primary Source A Visit to the Wife of Suleyman the MagnificentWHAT DID YOU LEARN? 1. The visitor had enough money to travel

from Genoa, Italy, to Constantinople. The fact that he was of enough status to arrange a visit with the sultana also suggests that he was wealthy. The visitor was also wealthy enough to afford attendants.

2. Answers will vary. Students may note that sultana’s physical surroundings and

many slaves suggest the great wealth of the empire during Suleyman’s reign.

3. The sultana may not have the chance to travel to other lands. Her only opportunity to learn about the customs, culture, and practices of people in other lands may be interviews with visitors from those lands. She may want to talk to the visitor because she is naturally curious about the outside world. Also, the information may be useful to the sultan when he deals with foreign lands.

Primary Source The Pact of Umar: An Agreement Between Muslims and ChristiansWHAT DID YOU LEARN? 1. The Muslims are showing that they

will tolerate Christianity as long as the Christians follow the rules of the pact. However, the pact also suggests that the Muslims wanted Christianity come to an end in the region, since the Christians were not allowed to build or repair churches.

2. Student answers will vary, but they should use particular details from the pact to support their argument.

3. Answers will vary. Students should discuss the effects of following all, some, or none of the restrictions on the non-Muslims’ freedom and religious practices, as well as the consequences for failing to comply.

History and GeographyMAP ACTIVITY 1. A bright color will be drawn around the

land conquered between 633 and 661, which should include the rest of the Arabian Peninsula, Persia, and Egypt.

2. Another bright color will be drawn around the land conquered between 662 and 750, which should include North Africa, Spain, and Western Asia to the Indus River.

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Answer Key

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

39 The Spread of Islam

3. The battle sites will be circled: Tours, Damascus, Jerusalem, and Kadisiya.

4. Answers will vary, but the colors on the legend should match the colors the students used on the map.

ANALYZING MAPS 1. Mediterranean Sea and Aegean Sea 2. parts of North Africa, including Egypt,

all of the Arabian Peninsula, and parts of Asia, including Persia

3. Cordoba; Spain 4. Kabul; Afghanistan 5. The Muslim armies were unable to expand

into Europe because they were defeated near Tours in 732.

Economics and HistoryACTIVITYStudents’ answers on this section will vary based on the individual trips they will specify. In their answers, make certain students understand the economic importance of trade.

WHAT DID YOU LEARN? 1. Trade enriches people by bringing new

people and ideas into a region. 2. When trade declines, nations often decline

in power. 3. A drop in trade may make an empire less

strong as other nations would have fewer reasons to interact with the empire.

4. Gunpowder would make it more difficult to defend a walled city. More than likely, cities no longer build walls because air-planes have rendered them useless.

Social Studies SkillsPRACTICE THE SKILL 1. Students might mention that crusaders

were soldiers, often young, a long way from home. Their behavior might not have appeared very religious.

2. The Arab Muslim is probably from North Africa or the Eastern Mediterranean region, where it is hot and sunny most of the time. Most of the people he or she would see probably have darker skins, darker hair and eyes, and different skin. This Arab is describing someone differentfrom him or her, some other—a very unfamiliar person. Also, the description is perhaps being made in the middle of a war, which would probably make the description more unflattering.

APPLY THE SKILLStudents’ answers will vary, but should include a suggestion that it would be helpful to know if the speaker came from Texas, Wisconsin, or Vermont, where the terms “huge farm” and “lots of livestock” probably have very different meanings. It might also help to know the age of the speaker, because what seems huge to a five year old may not seem so large to someone twenty-five.

Chapter ReviewREVIEWING VOCABULARY, TERMS,AND PEOPLE 1. caliph 2. Sunni 3. Shia 4. sultan 5. Sufism

COMPREHENSION AND CRITICAL THINKING 1. a 2. b 3. b 4. a 5. a

REVIEWING THEMES 1. politics 2. technology and innovation

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