ISDN .

• ISDN

https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Integrated Services Digital Network ISDN elements

1 That means an ISDN line can take care of most people's complete

communications needs (apart from broadband Internet access and

entertainment television) at a much higher transmission rate, without forcing the purchase of multiple

analog phone lines


Integrated Services Digital Network ISDN and broadcast industry

1 It's also common to use ISDN for the return audio links to remote satellite broadcast

vehicles.


Integrated Services Digital Network ISDN and broadcast industry

1 In many , such as the UK and Australia, ISDN has displaced the older technology of equalised

analogue landlines, with these circuits being phased out by telecommunications providers. IP based streaming codecs are starting to gain a

foothold in the broadcast sector, using broadband internet to connect remote studios.

However reliability and latency is crucially important for broadcasters and the quality of

service offered by ISDN has not yet been matched by packet switched alternatives.


Bluetooth profile - Common ISDN Access Profile (CIP)

1 This provides unrestricted access to the services, data and signalling that ISDN offers.


ISDN User Part

1 The ISDN User Part or ISUP is part of the Signalling System No. 7 (SS7) which is used to set up telephone

calls in the public switched telephone network (PSTN). It is specified by the

ITU-T as part of the Q.76x series.


ISDN User Part

1 When a telephone call is set up from one subscriber to another, several

telephone exchanges could be involved, possibly across

international boundaries. To allow a call to be set up correctly, where

ISUP is supported, a switch will signal call-related information like called party number to the next switch in the network using ISUP messages.


ISDN User Part

1 The telephone exchanges may be connected via E1 or T1 trunks which transport the speech from the calls


ISDN User Part

1 In addition to call related information, ISUP is also used to

exchange status information for, and permit management of, the available circuits. In the case of no outbound

circuit being available on a particular exchange, a release message is sent back to the preceding switches in the

chain.


ISDN User Part - ISUP variants

1 Different ISUP variants exist


ISDN User Part - ISUP variants

1 While these variations of ISUP differ in subtle ways, the vast majority of

ISUP message type, parameter type, and parameter field code-points, and related fundamental call processing

procedures, agree across all variants.


ISDN User Part - ITU-T specification versions

1 1992 – ISUP'92 White Book (segmentation, compatibility, new supplementary services)



1 1997 – ISUP'97 (new procedures, IN CS1, new supplementary services)



1 According to ITU-T Q.761 section 2.4.1 ISUP interworking ISUP'92 is

backwards compatible with ISUP Blue Book and Q.767 for basic call

procedures and supplementary services except for some procedures (e.g. number portability). Additionally the compatibility features introduced

in this version ensure forward compatibility with newer versions.


ISDN User Part - Message types

1 An ISUP message contains a fixed header containing the circuit

identification code and the ISUP message type, followed by a

mandatory fixed-length parameter part, a mandatory variable-length parameter part, and an optional

parameter part that are dependent on the type of message being sent



1 Initial address message (IAM) — First message sent to inform the partner

switch that a call has to be established on the CIC contained in the message. Contains the called

number, type of service (speech or data) and optional parameters.



1 Subsequent address message (SAM) — For networks that support overlap dialing procedures, and then in the

case that the IAM did not contain the full called number, one or more SAMs

follow containing additional digits. This message is not supported by networks that only support en bloc

dialing procedures.



1 Address complete message (ACM) — Message returned from the

terminating switch when the subscriber is reached and the phone

starts ringing, or when the call traverses an interworking point and

the intermediate trunk is seized.



1 Call progress (CPG) — Contains additional information about the

progress of a call. Normally sent after the ACM when the status of the call changes from that reported in the

ACM.



1 Answer message (ANM) — Sent when the subscriber picks up the phone, a

resource is connected or answer supervision is returned by an interworking point. Normally

charging starts at this moment. It is required that the call be cut through

in both directions by this point.



1 Connect (CON) — Sent when the call is answered by an automatic

terminal. This message replaces the ACM, CPG and ANM for calls that are answered by automatic terminals.



1 Release (REL) — Sent to clear the call when a subscriber goes on hook. This is also sent (in direct response to an

IAM) if the terminating switch determines that the call cannot be

completed. In either case, the terminating switch provides a cause value in the message to explain the reason for the release, e.g., "User

busy".https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html


1 Release complete (RLC) — Acknowledgment of the release – the

circuit is idle afterward and can be used again.


ISDN User Part - Sample call flow

1 This is a very basic call flow involving only two telecom switches which

exchange the ISUP messages. The subscriber interfaces are not covered here and are only listed for a better

understanding.



1 A subscriber telco switch A

telco switch B B subscriber



1 Detailed call flows are provided in ITU-T

Recommendation Q.784.1.


ISDN User Part - Release codes

1 Release codes are used to identify and debug any events occurring in ISDN User

Part signaling. Every event in ISUP signaling generates a release code

number. Even for a normal ISUP call, a release code is generated. There are lot of applications developed based on the

release code from ISUP signaling. Similarly Telecom operators trace for

Release codes to debug any call failures.


ISDN User Part - Release codes

1 Following are the list of releases codes used. Release codes only

defined by number are effectively undefined, and may be used for

proprietary solutions.


ISDN User Part - Message format

1 Routing Label



1 The Signalling Information Field (SIF) for all ISUP Message Signal Units

(MSU) contain the following components:



1 The Routing Label indicates the Point Codes of the originating and

destination nodes in the network; it also includes the Signalling Link

Selection field that is used to select between the multiple routes an MSU

could take between two nodes.



1 The Circuit Identification Code is used to specify which trunk between

two switches is used to carry a particular call. Note that some

versions of ANSI ISUP permit a CIC with 14 significant bits instead of the

12 that are shown.



1 The Message Type indicates the ISUP message type. The presence and

form of the remaining 3 components are determined by this message

type.



1 The Optional part, when present, contains the optional parameters permitted to be included in the

message type.



1 When sent using the services of the Signalling Connection Control Part,

ISUP messages passed to SCCP in the User Data parameter (NSDU) consist

of only the last 4 components (Message Type, Mandatory fixed part,

Mandatory variable part, Optional part). The routing label and circuit identification code are not included

in the user data passed to SCCP.https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

ISDN User Part - Bibliography

1 Russell, Travis (2002), Signaling System #7 (4th ed.), New York:

McGraw-Hill, ISBN 978-0-07-138772-9.


ISDN User Part - Bibliography

1 ITU-T (12 1999a), "Section 1, General coding principles", Recommendation Q.763.


Internet access - Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)

1 Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN), a switched telephone service capable of

transporting voice and digital data, is one of the oldest Internet access methods. ISDN

has been used for voice, video conferencing, and broadband data

applications. ISDN was very popular in Europe, but less common in North America. Its use peaked in the late 1990s before the

availability of DSL and cable modem technologies.


Internet access - Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)

1 An ISDN E1 (European standard) line has 30 bearer channels and a combined data rate of

1.9 Mbit/s.


Broadband Internet access - Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)

1 An ISDN E1 (European standard) line has 30 bearer channels and a combined data rate of

1.9Mbit/s.


ISDN

1 There are several kinds of access interfaces to ISDN defined as Basic Rate Interface (BRI), Primary Rate

Interface (PRI), Narrowband ISDN (N-ISDN), and Broadband ISDN (B-ISDN).


ISDN

1 Channel bonding can achieve a greater data rate; typically the ISDN B-channels of three or four BRIs (six

to eight 64 kbit/s channels) are bonded.


ISDN

1 ISDN should not be mistaken for its use with a specific protocol, such as Q.931 whereby ISDN is employed as the network, data-link and physical

layers in the context of the OSI model. In a broad sense ISDN can be considered a suite of digital services existing on layers 1, 2, and 3 of the

OSI model. ISDN is designed to provide access to voice and data

services simultaneously.https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

ISDN

1 However, common use reduced ISDN to be limited to Q.931 and related

protocols, which are a set of protocol (computing)|protocols for Signalling (telecommunications)|establishing

and breaking circuit switched connections, and for advanced

calling features for the user. They were introduced in 1986.


ISDN

1 In a videoconference, ISDN provides simultaneous voice, video, and text

transmission between individual desktop videoconferencing systems and group (room) videoconferencing

systems.


ISDN - ISDN elements

1 That means an ISDN line can take care of most people's complete

communications needs (apart from broadband Internet access and

entertainment television) at a much higher transmission rate, without forcing the purchase of multiple

analog phone lines


ISDN - Basic Rate Interface

1 * The U interface is a two-wire interface between the exchange and a network terminating unit, which is

usually the demarcation point in non-North American networks.



1 * The T interface is a serial interface between a computing device and a

terminal adapter, which is the digital equivalent of a modem.



1 * The S interface is a four-wire bus that ISDN consumer devices plug into; the S T reference points are

commonly implemented as a single interface labeled 'S/T' on an Network

termination 1 (NT1).



1 * The R interface defines the point between a non-ISDN device and a

terminal adapter (TA) which provides translation to and from such a

device.



1 BRI-ISDN is very popular in Europe but is much less common in North

America. It is also common in Japan — where it is known as INS64.


ISDN - Primary Rate Interface

1 In North America PRI service is delivered on one or more T-carrier|T1 carriers (often referred to as 23B+D)

of 1544 kbit/s (24 channels)



1 PRI-ISDN is popular throughout the world, especially for connecting

Private branch exchange|PBXs to PSTN.



1 While the North American PSTN can use PRI or Analog T1 format from

PBX to PBX, the Plain old telephone service|POTS or BRI can be delivered

to a business or residence. North American PSTN can connect from PBX to PBX via Analog T1, T3, PRI,

OC3, etc...



1 Even though many network professionals use the term ISDN to refer to the lower-bandwidth BRI circuit, in North America BRI is relatively uncommon whilst PRI

circuits serving PBXs are commonplace.


ISDN - Bearer channels

1 The bearer channel (B) is a standard 64 kbit/s voice channel of 8 bits

sampled at 8kHz with G.711 encoding. B-Channels can also be used to carry data, since they are

nothing more than digital channels.


ISDN - Bearer channels

1 Most B channels can carry a 64 kbit/s signal, but some were limited to 56K because they traveled over Robbed-

bit signaling|RBS lines. This was commonplace in the 20th century,

but has since become less so.


ISDN - Signaling channel

1 The signaling channel (D) uses Q.931 for Signaling (telecommunications)|signaling with the other side of the

link.


ISDN - X.25

1 X.25 can be carried over the B or D channels of a BRI line, and over the B channels of a PRI line. X.25 over the D channel is used at many point-of-sale (credit card) terminals because it eliminates the modem setup, and because it connects to the central system over a B channel, thereby

eliminating the need for modems and making much better use of the

central system's telephone lines.https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

ISDN - X.25

1 X.25 was also part of an ISDN protocol called Always On/Dynamic

ISDN, or AO/DI. This allowed a user to have a constant multi-link PPP

connection to the internet over X.25 on the D channel, and brought up one or two B channels as needed.


ISDN - Frame Relay

1 In theory, Frame Relay can operate over the D channel of BRIs and PRIs,

but it is seldom, if ever, used.


ISDN - Consumer and industry perspectives

1 By 2010, ADSL speeds of several millions of bits per second had

become commonplace, thus making ISDN obsolete before it fairly started.



1 ISDN is much better because messages can be sent much more quickly than by trying to encoder|

encode numbers as long (100 Millisecond|ms per digit) tone

sequences



1 ISDN is also used as a smart-network technology intended to add new services to the public switched

telephone network (PSTN) by giving users direct access to end-to-end

circuit-switched digital services and as a backup or failsafe circuit

solution for critical use data circuits.


ISDN - ISDN and broadcast industry

1 It's also common to use ISDN for the return audio links to remote satellite broadcast

vehicles.


ISDN - ISDN and broadcast industry

1 In many countries, such as the UK and Australia, ISDN has displaced the older technology of

equalised analogue landlines, with these circuits being phased out by telecommunications providers. IP based streaming codecs are

starting to gain a foothold in the broadcast sector, using broadband internet to connect

remote studios. However reliability and latency is crucially important for broadcasters and the quality of service offered by ISDN has not yet

been matched by packet switched alternatives.


ISDN - United States and Canada

1 ISDN-BRI never gained popularity as a general use telephone access technology in Canada

and the US, and remains a Niche market|niche product. The service was seen as a solution in search of a problem,. and the extensive array

of options and features were difficult for customers to understand and use. ISDN has long been known by derogatory backronyms highlighting these issues, such as 'I't 'S'till 'D'oes 'N'othing, 'I'nnovations 'S'ubscribers 'D'on't 'N'eed, and 'I' 'S'till 'D'on't k'N'ow.



1 However, ATT in most states (especially the former SBC/SWB

territory) will still install an ISDN BRI line anywhere a normal analog line

can be placed and the monthly charge is roughly $55.



1 ISDN-BRI is currently primarily used in industries with specialized and very specific

needs



1 The ISDN protocol delivers channelized, not-over-the-Internet service, powerful call setup and

routing features, faster setup and tear down, superior audio fidelity as

compared to Plain old telephone service|POTS (plain old telephone

service), lower delay and, at higher densities, lower cost.



1 In 2013, Verizon announced it would no longer take orders for ISDN

service in the Northeastern United States.


ISDN - India

1 ISDN continues to be an important backup network for point-to-point

leased line customers such as banks, Eseva Centers,


ISDN - Japan

1 On April 19, 1988, Japanese telecommunications company Nippon Telegraph and Telephone|NTT began

offering nationwide ISDN services trademarked INS Net 64, and INS Net 1500, a fruition of NTT's independent research and trial from the 1970s of

what it referred to the INS (Information Network System).


ISDN - Japan

1 Previously, on April 1985, Japanese digital telephone exchange hardware

made by Fujitsu was used to experimentally deploy the world's

first I interface ISDN. The I interface, unlike the older and incompatible Y

interface, is what modern ISDN services use today.


ISDN - Japan

1 Since 2000, NTT's ISDN offering have been known as FLET's ISDN,

incorporating the FLET's brand that NTT uses for all of its ISP offerings.


ISDN - Japan

1 In Japan, the number of ISDN subscribers dwindled as alternative technologies such as ADSL, cable Internet access, and fiber to the home gained greater popularity. On November 2, 2010, NTT announced plans to migrate their backend from PSTN to the

IP network from around 2020 to around 2025. For this migration, ISDN services

will be retired, and fiber optic services are recommended as an alternative.


ISDN - United Kingdom

1 Until April 2006, they also offered services named BT Highway|Home Highway and Business Highway,

which were BRI ISDN-based services that offered integrated analogue

connectivity as well as ISDN


ISDN - France

1 France Telecom offers ISDN services under their product name Numeris (2 B+D), of which

a professional Duo and home Itoo version is available. ISDN is generally known as RNIS in France and has widespread availability. The

introduction of ADSL is reducing ISDN use for data transfer and Internet access, although it

is still common in more rural and outlying areas, and for applications such as Private

branch exchange|business voice and Point of sale|point-of-sale terminals.


ISDN - Germany

1 Because of the widespread availability of ADSL services, ISDN is today primarily used for voice and fax traffic, but is still very popular

thanks to the pricing policy of German telecommunication

providers.


ISDN - Germany

1 Because of the popularity of ISDN, virtually all these telecommunication providers bundle their products with

residential gateways that include both integrated analog telephony adapters and ISDN-NGN adapters.


ISDN - Greece

1 OTE, the incumbent telecommunications operator, offers ISDN BRI (BRA) services in Greece.

Following the launch of ADSL in 2003, the importance of ISDN for

data transfer began to decrease and is today limited to niche business applications with point-to-point

requirements.


ISDN - International deployment

1 A study. of the German Department of Science shows the following

spread of ISDN-channels per 1000 inhabitants in the year 2005:


ISDN - Configurations

1 In ISDN, there are two types of channels, B (for bearer) and D (for data). B channels are used for data (which may include voice), and D

channels are intended for signaling and control (but can also be used for

data).



1 'Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network' (BISDN) is another

ISDN implementation and it is able to manage different types of services at

the same time



1 Another alternative ISDN configuration can be used in which the B channels of an ISDN BRI line

are Channel bonding|bonded to provide a total duplex bandwidth of 128 kbit/s. This precludes use of the line for voice calls while the internet connection is in use. The B channels

of several BRIs can be bonded, a typical use is a 384K

videoconferencing channel.https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html


1 Using B8ZS|bipolar with eight-zero substitution encoding technique, call data is transmitted over the data (B)

channels, with the signaling (D) channels used for call setup and

management



1 The D channel can also be used for sending and receiving X.25 data packets, and connection to X.25

packet network, this is specified in X.31. In practice, X.31 was only

commercially implemented in UK, France and Japan.


ISDN - Reference points

1 A set of reference points are defined in the ISDN International standard|standard to refer to certain points between the Telephone company|

telco and the end user ISDN]equipment.



1 *R interface|R – defines the point between a non-ISDN device and a

terminal adapter (TA) which provides translation to and from such a device



1 *S interface|S – defines the point between the ISDN equipment (or TA)

and a Network Termination Type 2 (Network termination 2|NT-2) device



1 Most NT-1 devices can perform the functions of the NT-2 as well, and so

the S and T reference points are generally collapsed into the S/T

reference point.



1 Inside North America, the NT-1 device is considered customer premises equipment

(CPE) and must be maintained by the customer, thus, the U interface is provided

to the customer. In other locations, the NT-1 device is maintained by the telco, and the

S/T interface is provided to the customer. In India, service providers provide U interface

and an NT1 may be supplied by Service provider as part of service offering.


ISDN - Types of communications

1 However, ISDN is typically more reliable than POTS, and has a

significantly faster call setup time compared with POTS, and IP

connections over ISDN typically have some 30–35ms round trip time, as

opposed to 120–180ms (both measured with otherwise unused

lines) over 56k or V.34/V.92 modems, making ISDN more reliable and more

efficient for telecommuters.https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html


1 Where an analog connection requires a modem, an ISDN connection

requires a terminal adapter (TA). The function of an ISDN terminal adapter is often delivered in the form of a PC

card with an S/T interface, and single-chip solutions seem to exist,

considering the plethora of combined ISDN- and ADSL-Router (computing)|

routers.https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html


1 Almost all live sports broadcasts on radio are backhauled to their main

studios via ISDN connections.


ISDN - Sample call

1 The following is an example of a Primary Rate (PRI) ISDN call showing the Q.921/Link Access Procedures, D

channel|LAPD and the Q.931/Network message intermixed (i.e. exactly what was exchanged on the D-channel). The call is originating from the switch where the trace was

taken and goes out to some other switch, possibly an end-office 'Local

exchange carrier|LEC', who terminates the call.


ISDN - Sample call

1 All ISDN messages are tagged with an ID number relative to the switch that started the call (local/remote)


ISDN - Sample call

1 The 'RR' messages at the beginning prior to the call are the keep alive

messages. 'SETUP' message indicate the start of the call. Each message is acknowledged by the other side with

a 'RR'.


ISDN - Sample call

1 Bearer Capability : CCITT, Speech, Circuit

mode, 64 kbit/s


ISDN - Sample call

1 Calling Party Number : 8018023000 National number User-provided, not screened Presentation

allowed


ISDN - Sample call

1 0000 00 01 a4 b8 08 02 00 3e 05 04 03 80 90 a2 18 03

......./pre/small!-- international --!-- US --!-- other --!-- ? --!-- obsolete --!-- Why is THIS HERE? Where is the

CITATION?--Reflist | group = lower-alpha


ISDN digital subscriber line

1 The benefits of IDSL over ISDN are that IDSL provides always-on

connections and transmits data via a data network rather than the

carrier's voice network.



1 IDSL is not available in all countries.



1 ISDN digital subscriber line (IDSL) is a cross between ISDN and xDSL. It is like ISDN in

that it uses a single-wire pair to transmit full-duplex data at 128 kbit/s and at distances of

up to RRD range. Like ISDN, IDSL uses a 2B1Q line code to enable transparent

operation through the ISDN U interface. Finally, the user continues to use existing Customer-premises equipment|CPE (ISDN

BRI terminal adapters, bridges, and routers) to make the CO connections.



1 The big difference is from the carrier's point-of-view. Unlike ISDN, IDSL does not connect through the voice switch. A new piece of data

communications equipment terminates the IDSL connection and

shunts it off to a router or data switch. This is a key feature because

the overloading of central office voice switches by data users is a

growing problem for telcos. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html


1 The limitation of IDSL is that the customer no longer has access to

ISDN signaling or voice services. But for Internet service providers, who do

not provide a public voice service, IDSL is an interesting way of using

Plain old telephone service|POTS dial service to offer higher-speed Internet access, targeting the embedded base of more than five million ISDN users

as an initial market.https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Cisco LAN2LAN Personal Office for ISDN

1 'Cisco 'LAN2LAN Personal Office for ISDN, created by Cisco Systems, was an entry level ISDN Remote Access

Service|remote access solution intended to be used by remote

teleworkers, small remote sites, and schools. Dial on demand was heavily featured, as the product was from an

era where time online and data transfers were cost prohibitive.



1 The solution consisted of an ISDN adapter card with one ISDN Basic

Rate Interface (BRI) port that plugged into a PC chassis.



1 These access cards were developed in conjunction with

List_of_acquisitions_by_Cisco_Systems|Newport Systems Inc and ITK

GmbH, Germany, and sold under the Cisco banner. The LAN2LAN Personal Office for ISDN tied a PC to a central

site.



1 They featured dial-on-demand support and was able to connect to

remote Cisco ISDN routers. The cards were only able to transmit data over a single ISDN B channel (i.e. 64

kbit/s).



1 An ODI driver was included that allowed TCP/IP and IPX connections. An automated install setup program

was included.



1 *Challenge-Handshake Authentication Protocol|Challenge Handshake Authentication

Protocol (CHAP)


Cisco LAN2LAN Personal Office for ISDN - LAN2LAN Enterprise

1 A enterprise endpoint was also available. This was essentially a software router that could be run from a communications server.


Cisco LAN2LAN Personal Office for ISDN - Launch Pricing

1 'Cisco LAN2LAN Personal Office for ISDN' - US$675


MSISDN

1 This abbreviation has several interpretations, the most common

one being Mobile Station International Subscriber Directory

Number.The conclusion (most common) is drawn from the recent

documentation from 3GPP and Open Mobile Alliance|OMA, please see the MSISDN#Abbreviation|Abbreviation

section abovehttps://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

MSISDN

1 different MSISDNs can be associated with the

Subscriber Identity Module|SIM.


MSISDN

1 The MSISDN follows the numbering plan defined in the ITU-T recommendation E.164.


Primary Rate Interface - ISDN PRI variants (switch types)

1 primary-ni2 National ISDN-2 Switch type for

the U.S.



1 primary-4ess Lucent 4ESS switch type for the U.S.



1 primary-5ess Lucent 5ESS switch

type for the U.S.



1 primary-dms100 Northern Telecom DMS-100 switch type

for the U.S.



1 primary-dpnss DPNSS switch type

for Europe



1 primary-net5 NET5 switch type for UK, Europe, Asia and

Australia



1 primary-ni National ISDN-1 Switch type for

the U.S.



1 primary-ts014 TS014 switch type for Australia

(obsolete)



1 ^^(The above is a bastardized list, mostly taken from a cisco router, the

primary- is mainly found on their equipment and is not truly part of the protocol name. The ni2, while being a

true protocol option, is not found amongst the configuration options on the cisco, primary-ni is the setting on

the cisco which supports the NI2 protocol. dms100 is in actuality NI1)


Common ISDN Application Programming Interface

1 The 'Common ISDN Application Programming Interface' (short 'CAPI')

is an Integrated Services Digital Network|ISDN-conform standardized

software Interface (computer science)|interface. With the help of

the CAPI-Interface computer software intended for the use with ISDN can be provided, without knowledge of

the deployed, proprietary ISDN card.https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html


1 CAPI was designed from 1989 by Germany|German manufacturers

(AVM GmbH|AVM, Systec, Stollmann). Since 1991 CAPI is being developed

further by CAPI Association e.V. Implementations exist for different operating systems like Linux and

Microsoft Windows.



1 Through the European Telecommunications Standards

Institute|ETSI CAPI 2.0 was introduced as standard ETS 300 324

(Profile B).



1 Primarily CAPI was designed for data transfer over ISDN. The specification has been extended multiple times, thereby it became important to the

area of voice- and fax-communication. Because pure data transfer over IP-based networks is dominant in modern times, CAPI is

being used primarily in the scope of voice applications (voice mail,

Interactive voice response|IVR, call-center, voice conference systems

etc.), for fax-servers and combined systems (Unified Messaging|UMS).



1 The CAPI Interface in its current release (CAPI 2.0) supports a variety

of signaling protocols (D channel protocols), e.g. Digital Subscriber

System No. 1|DSS1 and FTZ 1 TR 6. The interface operates in the OSI model between layer 3 and 4 but

only controls layers 1 to 3.



1 Besides popular signaling protocols for Integrated Services Digital

Network|ISDN implementations of CAPI for Asynchronous transfer

mode|ATM, GSM and Voip|VoIP (H.323 and Session Initiation Protocol|SIP) exist, thus CAPI applications can be

used directly on cutting edge communications infrastructure


QSIG - List of ISDN standards

1 * 'ETS 300 130' - Malicious Call Identification



1 * 'ETS 300 172' - Circuit-Mode Basic

Service



1 * 'ETS 300 239' - Generic Functional Protocol



1 * 'ETS 300 359' - Call Completion To Busy Subscriber (CCBS)



1 * 'ETS 300 259' - Path Replacement Additional

Network Feature (ANF-PR)



1 Source : [http://www.etsi.org/ European Telecommunications Standards Institute]

(ETSI)



1 Source : [http://www.itu.org/

International Telecommunications

Union] (ITU)https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Broadband ISDN

1 In the 1980s the telecommunications industry

expected that digital services would follow much the same pattern as voice services did on the public

switched telephone network, and conceived an end-to-end circuit

switching|circuit switched services, known as 'Broadband Integrated

Services Digital Network' ('B-ISDN').https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Broadband ISDN

1 For business, ISDN's 64 kbit/s data rate compared unfavorably to 10

Mbit/s local area networks such as Ethernet


Broadband ISDN

1 They included G.707[http://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-

G.707/en/ G.707] to G.709,[http://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-

G.709/en/ G.709] and I.121[http://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-I.121/en/ I.121] which defined the principal aspects of B-ISDN, with

many others following through the 1990s.


Broadband ISDN

1 The B-ISDN vision has been overtaken by other disruptive

technology|disruptive technologies used in the Internet


Narrowband ISDN

1 'N-ISDN' (Narrowband Integrated Switch digital Network) was an

attempt to replace the Analog signal|analog telephone system with a

Digital signal|digital one. Unfortunately, the standardization process was too long and regarding to the technology progress in this

area, once the standard was finally agreed, it was obsolete.


Narrowband ISDN

1 It generally uses 64 kbit/s channel as the

basic unit of switching.


Narrowband ISDN

1 It has a circuit switching orientation.


Narrowband ISDN

1 Its major contribution was

Frame Relay.


Narrowband ISDN

1 It describes telecommunication that carries voice information in a narrow band of

frequencies.


Narrowband ISDN

1 So the people can access Internet over a 144 kbit/s digital link, instead of a 28.8 kbit/s analog modem link

and for affordable price that may be a niche for N-ISDN for the next few

years.https://fmfi-uk.hq.sk/Informatika/Distribuovane%20Systemy/knihy/

ICN/ch2s5.htm


ISDN (disambiguation)

1 * ISDN (album) by The Future Sound of

London


ISDN (disambiguation)

1 * Isosorbide dinitrate, the drug used in the treatment of angina

pectoris


ITU V.70 - V.70 vs VOIP ISDN

1 Today, such a service, if offered, would typically be provided via VoIP, ISDN, and/or via DSL over the same wires as an analog POTS line. This standard was released in 1996, at a time when consumer access to The

Internet was beginning to take off as were Cell Phones.



1 DSVD was not substantially adopted, let alone extended to provide the

features consumers actually needed (like making arbitrary calls while

connected). V.70 was largely obsoleted by the services offered and

the changes in usage that accompanied the rise of The Internet.



1 In the internet model, the user's modem does not connect directly to

a site where there may be parties the user wishes to have a voice

conversation with but instead connects to an intermediate Network

Access Point; as such, the small subset of potential phone

conversations served by DSVD was further reduced.


BeoCom - BeoLine PSTN and BeoLine ISDN

1 The Mark 1 version of BeoLine was made in two variants: one to connect

to a traditional analogue PSTN service, and one to connect to an

ISDN service


MSISDN

1 different MSISDNs can be associated

with the Subscriber Identity Module|SIM.


MSISDN - Abbreviation

1 Depending on source or standardization body, the

abbreviation MSISDN can be written out in several different ways. These are today the most widespread and

common in use.



1 |Vocabulary for 3GPP Specifications (new)[ftp://ftp.3gpp.org/Specs/2014-03/Rel-10/21_series/21905-a30.zip

3GPP Vocabulary]



1 ITU-T Rec. Q.1741-4 (10/2005)[http://www.itu.int/rec/dologin_pub.as

p?lang=eid=T-REC-Q.1741.4-200510-I!!PDF-Etype=items ITU-T

Q.1741-4]



1 Dictionary for OMA Specifications [http://www.openmobilealliance.org/document/OMA-ORG-Dictionary-V2_7-

20081023-A.pdf OMA Dictionary]



1 |Mobile Station International ISDN Number(s)



1 |Mobile International ISDN Number



1 |Vocabulary of Switching and Signalling Terms

[http://www.itu.int/rec/recommendation.asp?lang=enparent=T-REC-Q.9-

198811-I ITU Vocabulary]



1 For further information on the MSISDN format, see the ITU-T specification E.164..


For More Information, Visit:

• https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

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ISDN .

Documents

Transcript of ISDN .