Is Your Well Water Safe? by Bob Schultheis Agricultural Engineering Specialist.
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Transcript of Is Your Well Water Safe? by Bob Schultheis Agricultural Engineering Specialist.
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Is Your Is Your Well Water Safe?Well Water Safe?
byby
Bob SchultheisBob SchultheisAgricultural Engineering SpecialistAgricultural Engineering Specialist
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MissouriMissouriWater Supply StatisticsWater Supply Statistics
890,000 Missourians on private water supplies
86% on drilled wells 300,000-350,000 active wells 10,000-20,000 new wells drilled annually One abandoned well or cistern for every
80 acres of land (DNR estimate)
– Webster Co. = 4,700+ wells over 379,000 ac.
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What is Coliform?What is Coliform?
Coliform bacteria are used as indicator organisms to test for contamination of drinking water.– >1 coliform = “Unsatisfactory” in DOH tests
E. coli is a member of the coliform family and is commonly found in raw sewage.
E. coli is responsible for manyhealth-threatening diseases.
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Coliform-Associated Coliform-Associated DiseasesDiseases
Cholera Typhoid Salmonella Shigella Staphylococcus Hepatitis A, B, C Polio Viral Gastroenteritis
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1994 Coliform Detection 1994 Coliform Detection StudyStudy
May to Nov. 1994 well survey 9 states- Illinois, Iowa, Kansas,
Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska,North Dakota, South Dakota, Wisconsin
41.3% tested positive E. coli detects averaged 11.1% Missouri E. coli detects - highest at
22.6%
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Sampling Sampling ResultsResults
Private WellsPrivate Wells
Area 1 Area 2 Area 3 Area 4 Area 5 Area 6 Sp Area
0
20
40
60
80
100
TC EC NO3-N
1
2
3 4
5
6
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Factors Contributing to Factors Contributing to Coliform DetectsColiform Detects
Improperly constructed wells Poorly maintained wells Ineffective on-site sewage systems Proximity to livestock feeding
operations Karst geologic formations
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NitratesNitrates
Nitrate detects are relatively low although not uncommon. (up to 16% of samples)– >10 ppm NO3-N = “Unsatisfactory”
Sources– Livestock facilities (esp. abandoned ones)– N & P fertilizer in excess of crop removal
capability– Failing septic systems
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D.O.H. Water Quality D.O.H. Water Quality SurveySurvey
August 1999August 1999
Webster County“gridded” for random sampling
61 participants
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D.O.H. Water Quality D.O.H. Water Quality SurveySurvey
August 1999 Results - Webster August 1999 Results - Webster CountyCounty
44%
Private wellstesting positive
for coliform bacteria
28%
Sewage systemswith open discharge& surfacing effluent
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Soils in Webster CountySoils in Webster County 79% rated “severe” for pollution 79% rated “severe” for pollution
potentialpotential 21% rated “moderate”21% rated “moderate” 0% rated “slight”0% rated “slight”
“Losing” stream
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Solution Channel
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What’s Wrong with this What’s Wrong with this Well?Well?
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Ways to ReduceWays to Reduce Well Contamination Well Contamination 11
Soil blanket (5+ feet thick) is good filter
Elevation = keep above pollution sources
Distance = 200+ feet horiz. separation
Grout well with neat-cement or bentonite clay by state-certified well driller
Use approved sanitary well cap
Rehab. poorly constructed wells
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Ways to ReduceWays to ReduceWell Contamination Well Contamination 22
Plug abandoned wells & cisterns
Repair/move/replace failing septic systems
Apply fertilizer & animal manure according to soil test & manure test
Repair/upgrade animal waste facilities
Install containment for fuels & pesticides
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Ways to ReduceWays to ReduceWell Contamination Well Contamination 33
Don’t dump anything into sinkholes
Use grass buffer strips (50+ feet wide)as filters around sinkholes
Promote community awareness of risk
Shock-chlorinate active wells after anyplumbing repairs
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Shock-Chlorinating YourShock-Chlorinating Your6-inch Diameter Well 6-inch Diameter Well 11
Remove well cap or unscrew vent pipe
Newer wells Older wells
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Shock-Chlorinating YourShock-Chlorinating Your6-inch Diameter Well 6-inch Diameter Well 22
Mix chlorine & water inbucket. Pour into well– Liquid bleach @ 1 pint
per 25’ of water depth, or– Chlorine tablets @ 0.5 lb.
per 150’ of water depth Circulate water back down well Load chlorinated water into
plumbing system
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Shock-Chlorinating YourShock-Chlorinating Your6-inch Diameter Well 6-inch Diameter Well 33
Let chlorine water stand insystem at least 12 hours
Flush system with water,starting outside
Retest for bacteria after 7-10 days– $10 cost; DOH has sterile sample bottle – Keep sample cool & dark, get to lab in 6 hours
Keep test results with important papers
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University InformationUniversity InformationGuides AvailableGuides Available
WQ100 Water Testing: What to Test For WQ101 Understanding Your Water Test
Report WQ102 Bacteria in Drinking Water WQ103 Nitrate in Drinking Water WQ104 Understanding Home Water
Treatment Systems
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Questions??Questions????
Robert A. (Bob) Schultheis
Agricultural Engineering Specialist
Webster County Extension Center
800 S. Marshall, P.O. Box 7
Marshfield, MO 65706-0007
Voice: 417-859-2044
Fax: 417-468-2086
E-mail: [email protected]
Website: http://outreach.missouri.edu/webster