Is There Morphology in the Parafovea? - Davide Crepaldi · Early morphology Eye tracking and...

Early morphologyEye tracking and meaning–based tasks

Morphology in sentence readingMorphology in the parafovea?

Is There Morphology in the Parafovea?(Visual Word Identification Models faced with Sentence

Reading)

Davide Crepaldi

International School for Advanced Studies, TriesteMilan Center for Neuroscience

Italy

IMM17, Vienna, 18–21 February 2016

Davide Crepaldi Morphology in the Parafovea?



Some disclaimers

I Processing, not description

I Models are metaphors

I Hold on about morphology in the parafovea




A break into arbitrariness

form

meaning

morphology




Outline

Early morphologyNonword processingMasked primingERP/MEG

Eye tracking and meaning–based tasks

Morphology in sentence reading

Morphology in the parafovea?




Nonword processingMasked primingERP/MEG

Early morphology





Pseudowords

I JUVENATE (from REJUVENATE) takes longer to be rejectedthan PERTOIRE (from REPERTOIRE)

I DEJUVENATE takes longer to be rejected thanDEPERTOIRE

[Taft & Forster, JVLVB 1975]

(Replicated several times, e.g., Burani et al., 1999; Caramazza etal., 1988; Crepaldi et al., 2010)





Masked priming

prime

#######

TARGET

press button

~500 ms

35-50 ms

~2000 ms





Nonword priming

I RAPIDIFIER primes RAPID

I RAPIDUIT doesn’t prime RAPID

I SPORTATION primes RAPID

[Longtin & Meunier, JML 2005]





Word priming

I DEALER primes DEAL

I CORNER primes CORN

I BROTHEL doesn’t prime BROTH

[e.g., Longtin et al., LCP 2003; Rastle et al., PRB 2004]





The temporal microscope

DEALER vs. CORNER vs. DIALOG

[Lavric et al., JEP:HPP 2012]





The temporal microscope

[Rastle et al., JEP:HPP 2015]

[Fruchter et al., FHN 2012]





The early morphology manifesto

I Morphology is addressed early

I Morphology is addressed outside of awareness

I In many cases, meaning isn’t so important





The early morphology manifesto

form

meaning

morphology





Why?





Wait a minute. . .

I Isolated words

I Non–semantic tasks (e.g., lexical decision)




Eye tracking and meaning–based tasks




A new paradigm

dealer-DEAL vs. corner-CORN vs. dialog-DIAL




Looking times, gaze duration

dealer-DEAL corner-CORN dialog-DIAL

GD (ms)

control

related

control

related

control

related

310

320

330

340

350




Where to find out more about this work

Marelli, M., Amenta, S., Morone, E.A., and Crepaldi, D. (2013).Meaning is in the beholders eye: Morpho-semantic effects inmasked priming. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 20, 534541.




Morphology in sentence reading




Same words, different contexts

Era una fredda serata invernale, cos̀ı Gloria accese il camino, presela sua copertina e accese il televisore

(It was a cold winter night, so Gloria lighted up her fireplace, covered herself

with a small blanket, and turned on the TV)

Dopo aver letto la copertina, cap̀ı di aver trovato una preziosaprima edizione

(After reading the cover, she realised that was a rare first edition)




Stem frequency effect

Form Frequency

copertura 3842coperta 1778coperto 1663coperte 1060

. . . . . .

10143




Predictions

I Morph analysis independent of the context (as in maskedpriming): same SFE in trasparent and opaque

I Morph analysis informed by the context (contrary to maskedpriming): SFE in transparent, not in opaque

I Morph analysis independent of the context (as in maskedpriming), but meaning matters: opposite SFE in trasparentand opaque




First fixations





Amenta, S., Marelli, M., and Crepaldi, D. (2015). The fruitlesseffort of growing a fruitless tree: Early morphoorthographic andmorphosemantic effects in sentence reading. Journal ofExperimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition, 41,1587-1596.




Morphology in the parafovea?




Models of eye movements in reading

I Serial: lexical processing is limited to one word at a time

I Parallel: lexical processing is distributed over multiple words




Parafoveal processing is critical

(( ( (foveaparafovea




Parafoveal processing is critical

Everyone think that language nerds are sexy

foveaparafovea




Parafoveal effects

(...) THAT LANGUAGE NERDS ARE (...)

(...) THAT LANGUAGE NESOZ ARE (...) Target wordPre-target word

Invisible boundary

(a) Readers fixate the pre-target word

(b) Readers fixate the target word

Target wordPre-target word




Does this go beyond word form?

A “corner–corn” design

I Genuine derivations: ortaggio, vegetable, based on orto,garden

I Pseudoderivations: formaggio, cheese, pseudo–based onforma, form

I Nonderivations: corteccia, bark, including the word corte,court, with no suffix




The answer is: nope!





www.davidecrepaldi.net


http://www.davidecrepaldi.net/wordpress/papers/talks-and-posters-2/



Wrap up

Morphology:

I isn’t lexically coded in the brain

I affects (visual) word processing very early on

I affects (visual) word processing differently depending on taskdemands

I doesn’t affect eye movements in reading from the parafovea




Come to SISSA!

http://indico.sissa.it/e/tex2016




Come to SISSA!

MoProc 2017




Acknowledgments

I The Ministry of Education, University and Research in Italy;the ESRC, the British Academy and the Leverhulm Trust inthe UK.

I Marco Marelli and Simona Amenta (Milano Bicocca, now atGent); Federica Degno (Milano Bicocca, now atSouthampton); Kathy Rastle (Royal Holloway, UK); andAureliu Lavric and Heike Elchlepp (Exeter, UK).

[email protected]

www.davidecrepaldi.net


Is There Morphology in the Parafovea? - Davide Crepaldi · Early morphology Eye tracking and...

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