Is the Chestnut-capped Foliage-gleaner Clibanornis ... · On 18 and 19 March 2014, CRS obser-ved...

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Is the Chestnut-capped Foliage-gleaner Clibanornis rectirostris (Wied, 1831) (Passeriformes: Furnariidae) a typical gallery forest species endemic to the Cerrado region?

Marcelo Ferreira de Vasconcelos1,2, Luiz Gabriel Mazzoni2, Alyne

Perillo2, Thiago Oliveira e Almeida3, Filipe Cristovão Ribeiro da Cunha4,

Christian Regis da Silva5, Eduardo José Gazzinelli6 & Santos D’Angelo Neto7

The Chestnut-capped Foliage-gleaner (Clibanornis rectirostris) is considered an endemic species of the Cerrado re-gion, having a strong association with gallery forests occurring in this mor-phoclimatic domain (Silva 1995, Betini et al. 1998, Silva & Vielliard 2000, Fa-ria et al. 2012).

Despite the finding of Marini (2001) that the Chestnut-capped Foliage-glea-ner is not sensitive to forest fragmen-tation and probably has the capacity to cross unfavorable landscape matrices, recent studies have suggested the spe-cies’ vulnerability based on its depen-dence on the highly impacted gallery forests (Faria et al. 2012). Furthermore, future range loss and shifts are expec-ted due climate change (Marini et al. 2009).

Here, we present records of C. rec-tirostris in habitats not represented by gallery forests of the Cerrado, including the first observations in the Atlantic Forest region. We also comment on the species’ conservation based on these new records.

Our records were made opportunisti-cally while conducting several avifau-nal surveys in the states of Minas Ge-rais and São Paulo, between the years of 2001 and 2015. Whenever possible, records were documented by photo-graphs, recordings of vocalizations and specimen collecting. Vocalizations were deposited in the Arquivo Sonoro Elias Coelho (ASEC), Rio de Janeiro, and in the online database Xeno-canto

ISSN 1981-8874

9 771981 887003 58100

Figure 1. General aspect of two areas of arboreal caatinga where the Chestnut-capped Foliage-gleaner was recorded at Riacho dos Machados, Minas Gerais. Photos: Thiago Oliveira e Almeida.

Atualidades Ornitológicas, 185, maio e junho de 2015 - www.ao.com.br 41

(http://www.xeno-canto.org). Specimens were deposited in the ornithological collection of Departamento de Zoologia da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (DZUFMG, under IBAMA permit number 228/2003, process 02015.020098/02) and of the Museu de Ciências Naturais, Pontifícia Universi-dade Católica de Minas Gerais (MCNA, under IBAMA per-mits 126/2014, process 02001.002573/1999-42; 518/2012, process 02015.004288/2011-19; and 089/2011, process

02015.000518/2011-71; and SISBio per-manent permit number 28301-1).

Records in other habitats not represen-ted by gallery forests in the Cerrado region

Arboreal caatingaIn January and July 2013, during an

avifaunal survey conducted at Riacho dos Machados municipality, northern Mi-nas Gerais, in a transitional zone between the Caatinga and the Cerrado, MFV, TOA and CRS found C. rectirostris in typical dry arboreal caatinga, without any water-course or gallery forests (Figure 1). Four specimens, two males and two females (MCNA-2753, 3583, 3584, 3587 - Figu-re 2), were collected in two fragments of arboreal caatinga (16o03’S, 43o08’W and 16o04’S, 43o07’W). The closest wa-tercourse in the region is dry during the major part of the year (usually betwe-en March and November), with running water only in the rainy season, and it is located c. 1.5 km from our record sites. Nevertheless, both areas were represen-ted by ravines, locally named barrancos.

Cerradão woodlandOn 19 January 2004, MFV collected a

female specimen (DZUFMG-4101 - Fi-gure 3) in a cerradão woodland at Fazen-da Jacaré-Riachão (18o38’S, 45o05’W), Felixlândia municipality, Minas Gerais state. This area was represented by tall typical cerradão trees of c. 8 m with dense tangles of vines. Despite not being close to any gallery forest, a small vere-da palm grove occurred 500 m from the collecting site.

On 10 January 2015, another female (MCNA-4230 - Figure 2) was obtained by MFV in a cerradão habitat in Rifai-na municipality (20°00’S, 47°25’W), São Paulo state. This site is physiognomically very similar to that in Felixlândia and la-cks any watercourse in its interior (Figu-re 4), despite being located near second--growth gallery forests of Rio Grande, c. 350 m from the collecting site.

Urban areasOn 17 December 2003, MFV observed and heard an indivi-

dual of the Chestnut-capped Foliage-gleaner in an urbanized site of Montes Claros municipality (16°44’S, 43°52’W). The bird was recorded in the margin of a polluted river along one of the most important avenues of the city. Vegetation is represented by sparse trees, and the matrix is represented by urban areas with asphalt roads and buildings.

Figure 2. Specimens of Clibanornis rectirostris deposited in the Museu de Ciências Naturais, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, from the following municipalities, from left

to right: Riacho dos Machados (MCNA-2753, 3583, 3584, 3587); Rifaina (MCNA-4230); Belo Horizonte (MCNA-2441); Almenara (MCNA-1550, 1551). Photo: Letícia Ferreira Pedroso.

Figure 3. Specimen of Clibanornis rectirostris (DZUFMG-4101) from Felixlândia, deposited in the Departamento de Zoologia da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Photo: Letícia Ferreira Pedroso.


The species was also recorded during several months between 2010 and 2012 in an avifaunal inventory conducted at the campus of the Pontifícia Universida-de Católica de Minas Gerais (19°55’S, 43°59’W), isolated in an urban matrix of the large city of Belo Horizonte, in the state of Minas Gerais (Vasconcelos et al. 2013). We estimated three individuals li-ving in a small forest fragment of less than 7 ha inside the campus. Vegetation cover of this urban forest fragment is re-presented by semideciduous forest and lacks riverine habitats. Nevertheless, there are some natural barrancos in its interior and a small artificial lake (Figu-re 5). In the MCNA there is a specimen obtained from this area (MCNA-2441 - Figure 2). Despite the majority of recor-ds having come from the forest fragment, in a single occasion one individual was observed when singing in the canopy of a “castanheira” tree (Terminalia catappa) in the urbanized area of the campus, 250 m away from the forest fragment. This bird was chasing a Rufous Hornero (Fur-narius rufus) that was perched in the same tree.

Atlantic Forest fragmentsVocalizations of one individual of the

Chestnut-capped Foliage-gleaner were heard by MFV and I. R. Lamas on 14 January 2001 in second-growth forest on the left bank of Rio Suaçuí Grande (18°21’S, 42°31’W), São Pedro do Su-açuí municipality, Minas Gerais. The area was very degraded by selective lo-gging and the presence of cattle, with a very open understory. Nevertheless, there were several ravines on the river margin. The bird was vocalizing from a dense clump of exotic bamboo (Bambusa sp.).

Between 22 and 30 December 2003, SDN and MFV observed and heard an individual of C. rectirostris in the pro-perty of Mr. Onofre Sandinha (17°08’S, 42°44’W), Leme do Prado municipality, near the limits of the Acauã Ecological Station. The area is represented by typi-cal semideciduous Atlantic Forest (Ka-mino et al. 2008) holding several bird species endemic to this domain (Vasconcelos & D’Angelo Neto 2007, Carrara et al. 2013). The bird was seen fora-ging in the mid-stratum of the forest and on the ground. An additional specimen (complete skeleton) of C. rectirostris (MCNA-1673) was collected close to this area by B. Garzon on 15 January 2006 in a nearby area at José Gonçalves de Minas municipality, although there is no indication of geo-graphic coordinates on its label.

On 10 July 2008, LGM and AP observed and heard an individual on the left bank of the Rio Piracicaba (19°58’S, 43°13’W), Rio Piracicaba municipality. The bird was fora-ging in the understory of a narrow strip of riparian vegeta-tion. The surroundings of the area were composed by semide-ciduous forests on slopes and pastures (Figure 6). Barrancos were present in the banks of the Rio Piracicaba, and also along trails located within forested slopes.

Figure 4. General aspect of the cerradão where the Chestnut-capped Foliage-gleaner was recorded at Rifaina, São Paulo. Photo: Luiz Gabriel Mazzoni.

Figure 5. General aspect of the semideciduous forest fragment where the Chestnut-capped Foliage-gleaner was recorded at Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. Photo: Marcelo Ferreira de Vasconcelos.


On 20 July 2010, LGM and AP observed and audio-recor-ded (ASEC 17036 and 17037, XC215506) two individuals in a clump of exotic bamboo (Bambusa sp.) in the left bank of the Rio Guanhães (19°03’S, 42°52’W), in the municipality of Dores de Guanhães, Minas Gerais. The species was also regularly recorded in this region between 12 and 16 Janua-ry 2011 and between 29 July and 3 August 2011, including another locality on the right bank of the same river (18°59’S,

42°57’W). The region possesses typical semideciduous Atlantic Forest fragments (Figure 7) interspersed with pastures and second growth habitats. Barrancos were very common in this area, either within the forests or in forest edges and pastures.

On 17 March 2011 the species was re-corded in a fragment of Atlantic Forest in the municipality of Carlos Chagas, eas-tern Minas Gerais. EJG heard the voca-lizations of four individuals in a riverine forest on the right bank of the Rio Mucuri (17°36’S, 41°02’W). The forest area was very narrow, with open understory and a small flooded area that was soaked with the accumulated rain of the past days. The surroundings of this forest were composed of a dirt road and deforested slopes with isolated shrubs.

On 13 April 2011, FCRC collected two females, an adult and a juvenile (MCNA 1550, 1551 - Figure 2), in a fragment of semideciduous forest in the municipali-ty of Almenara, Minas Gerais (16°00’S, 40°36’W). This fragment is bordered by pastures except on its southern portion, where the area adjoins a dense formation of Atlantic Forest with a small stream. The site where the birds were collected is approximately 800 m from a watercourse.

On 18 and 19 March 2014, CRS obser-ved and heard the vocalizations of two individuals in an Atlantic Forest frag-ment on the left bank of Rio Preto, mu-nicipality of Morro do Pilar, Minas Ge-rais (19°16’S, 43°33’W). This fragment is characterized as semideciduous forest surrounded by second growth and pastu-res (Figure 8).

Concluding remarksOur records show that the Chestnut-

-capped Foliage-gleaner is not a specia-list of the gallery forests of the Cerrado region. Records from Carlos Chagas and Almenara extend the species’ range eas-tward, almost to the boundaries of sou-thern Bahia and northern Espírito Santo states (Figure 9).

Records conducted in areas of arboreal caatinga, far away from any watercour-se, but represented by barrancos, suggest

that this should be the most important resource for habitat selection by this species, since it depends on barrancos for nesting (Faria et al. 2008). Another observation made in den-se caatinga scrub (carrasco) was presented by Vasconcelos et al. (2012) in the state of Bahia. It is also important to men-tion that the four specimens collected at Riacho dos Macha-dos represent topotypes of Opetiorynchus rectirostris (ba-sonym of Clibanornis rectirostris), since the area is located

Figure 6. General aspect of the riparian degraded vegetation where the Chestnut-capped Foliage-gleaner was recorded at Rio Piracicaba, Minas Gerais. Photo: Luiz Gabriel Mazzoni.

Figure 7. General aspect of the Atlantic Forest fragment where the Chestnut-capped Foliage-gleaner was recorded at Dores de Guanhães, Minas Gerais. Photo: Luiz Gabriel Mazzoni.


in the northern Minas Gerais state, close to the Bahia border, named “Campos Ge-raës” by Wied (1831). The holotype, a fe-male housed in the American Museum of Natural History (AMNH 5223), was col-lected in the nearby Serra Geral (15o25’S, 42o48’W) (LeCroy & Sloss 2000).

The species’ records in cerradão woo-dland, but close to gallery forests or ve-reda palm groves, two habitat types kno-wn to be used by this species (Silva & Vielliard 2000, Tubelis 2009), show that the Chestnut-capped Foliage-gleaner can also use this kind of woodland typical of the Cerrado region. Other typical forest birds, including one which is also con-sidered restricted to the gallery forests from the Cerrado region, the Helmeted Manakin (Antilophia galeata), were re-corded in a cerradão woodland in the sta-te of São Paulo (Cavarzere et al. 2011). Detailed studies should be conducted in this habitat type to check if these forest dependent species can use it sporadically or if they are resident.

The species’ records in urbanized sites, including a small fragment of semideci-duous (not gallery) forest isolated for at least 40 years, reinforces Marini’s (2001) observations that it has low sensitivity to forest fragmentation and/or a reasonable capacity for dispersion. Other records of this species in urban parks were previous-ly reported by Franchin & Marçal (2004) and Valadão et al. (2006a, b). In this con-text, some observations in urbanized sites are probably related to dispersing indivi-duals.

On the other hand, the species’ presence in degraded areas or second-growth in the Atlantic Forest region probably represents a recent range expansion related to habitat modification or climate change. Marini et al. (2009), using the Maxent algorithm, modeled future distribution ranges for 26 bird species endemic to the Cerrado (in-cluding C. rectirostris), predicting a gene-ral trend for range shift toward southeas-tern Brazil. The same research group also presented another model, using GARP algorithm, which predicted a present-day potential distribution of C. rectirostris in the same region of the Atlantic Forest where we made our records, but the au-thors interpreted these results as a possible error of their model, based on its unknown occurrence in this area (Corrêa et al. 2010). Thus, the present records in eastern Minas Gerais can be related or not to climate change or defo-restation, but it is noteworthy that all records in the Atlantic Forest were also represented by barrancos. It is also impor-

tant to point out that a previous record of the Chestnut-capped Foliage-gleaner from Serra dos Órgãos, in the Atlantic Forest of Rio de Janeiro state (Sick 1985: 515) was rectified as based on a mislabeled specimen probably collected in western São Paulo by Heinrich Reinisch (Pacheco 1992).

Figure 8. General aspect of the Atlantic Forest fragment where the Chestnut-capped Foliage-gleaner was recorded at Morro do Pilar, Minas Gerais. Photo: Thiago Oliveira e Almeida.

Figure 9. Map showing the records of Clibanornis rectirostris in the present study (red dots). Municipalities are numbered as follows: 1 and 2 - Riacho dos Machados; 3 - Felixlândia; 4 - Rifaina;

5 - Montes Claros; 6 - Belo Horizonte; 7 - São Pedro do Suaçuí; 8 - Leme do Prado; 9 - Rio Piracicaba; 10 and 11 - Dores de Guanhães; 12 - Carlos Chagas; 13 – Almenara; 14 – Morro do Pilar.


Finally, based on the present records and on the evident recent range expansion of C. rectirostris eastward, we show that the species is not a specialist of gallery forests. The spe-cies’ vulnerability, estimated by population size occurring only in gallery forests of the Cerrado region (Faria et al. 2012), is erroneous and can lead to misdirected conservation efforts that should be directed to species that really deserve threatened status.

AcknowledgmentsFCRC thanks CAPES for a research grant (“Ciência sem

Fronteiras”) during his Ph.D. work. Mr. Onofre Sandinha allowed us to conduct surveys in his lands. Ivana Reis Lamas accompanied MFV in São Pedro do Suaçuí. Letícia Ferreira Pedroso took photographs of specimens deposited in DZU-FMG and MCNA. Fernando Augusto Valério prepared the map that illustrates Figure 9.

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1Museu de Ciências Naturais, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais. Avenida

Dom José Gaspar, 290, Coração Eucarístico, 30535-901. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.

E-mail: [email protected] Consultoria Ambiental Ltda.

Avenida Prudente de Morais, 287, sala 506, Cidade Jardim, 30380-000. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.

E-mail: [email protected] Animal Pet Shop Ltda. Rua dos Jatobás, 825,

Eldorado, 32315-110. Contagem, MG, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected]

4Anthropological Institute & Museum, University of Zürich - Irchel, Winterthurerstrasse 190,

8057. Zürich, Switzerland. E-mail: [email protected]

5Rua Cleusa Maria da Silva, 125, Novo Santa Cecília, 30626-505. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.

E-mail: [email protected] Iraí, 153, apartamento 2035, Cidade

Jardim, 30380-640. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected]

7Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros. Avenida Rui Braga s/no,

39401-089. Montes Claros, MG, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected]

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