CHLORINE Understand how thisproduct makes your life better.

CH

LO

RIN

E

The role ofchlorine in oureveryday lives

Chlorine is produced by passing an electric current through a brine solution (common salt dissolved in water). In this process, called electrolysis, besides chlorine, caustic soda (sodium hydroxide) and hydrogen are also produced.

Fundamental to human development, chlorine is very present in our daily lives. The most common association is with water. Because of its bactericide power, it is used in water treatment and basic sanitation since 1908, ensuring health and quality of life. Thanks to its disinfectant property, it is also used for cleaning swimming pools. Its uses, however, go far beyond this. Chlorine is used to make thousands of products that are essential to meet the needs of today's society, helping humanity to develop sustainably. For example, chlorine-based components are important for manufacturing pharmaceuticals, medical devices, security equipment, computers, cars, aircraft parts and chemical products to protect agriculture, among other, the list is virtually endless. It is present in over 50% of all commercial chemistry and its various applications are detailed inside this booklet.

Understand how this productmakes your life better

Chlorine is used as a disinfectant and plays a key role in water treatment. When we drink a glass of water, chlorine chemistry helps us ensure that we will quench our thirst without getting sick. It also allows us to dive into a pool without worrying about waterborne diseases.

Based on chlorine chemistry, car seat cushions are produced, helping to keep us comfortable during long trips, whereas as bumpers and airbags guarantee our safety. In addition to cars, airplanes, trains, ships and boats also use components derived from chlorine chemistry in their manufacturing processes.

Chlorine chemistry helps us to stay healthy and treat ourselves when we are sick. Chlorine is an essential element to make over 90% of the drugs that treat many illnesses from high cholesterol to allergies, besides helping to protect patients from infections in hospitals. Chlorine is also essential in the production of a wide variety of medical equipment ranging from blood bags, surgical stitches and membranes to artificial joints and respiration inhalers.

Chlorine is also vital in reducing pathogens from improper handling of food. Chlorinated water solutions of various concentrations are routinely used to disinfect the storage of crops and facilities of livestock for slaughter or domestic animals. Processing and food preparation units use chlorinated solutions to disinfect the surfaces of the facilities. Global distribution models of food and consumers' demographic changes are new challenges in the effort to control diseases transmitted by improper handling of food and strengthen the important role played by chlorine in food safety.

Currently, a major concern in all countries is to guarantee the supply of power at a competitive cost and its conservation. New advances in alternative energies - including the production from solar panels, wind turbines and hybrid battery blades - depend on chlorine chemistry. Chlorine chemistry also helps to produce lightweight vehicles and aircraft materials that improve fuel economy.

Power

Technology and digital communication move fast and chlorine chemistry helps to move it faster still.Tablets, laptops and even smartphones depend on chlorine chemistry to make faster and better processors, which allows for faster network access. Present in aerospace components, catalysts, high-speed communication cables, comput-ers, mobile phones, among others, chlorine chemistry is driving the next generation of high-tech innovations.

2% 2% 7%7%

20%

28%

34%

Other

Inorganic chem. prods

Paper & Pulp

Water treatment

Chlorinated intermediary prods.

Organic chem. prods

PVC

millionmetric tonsChlorine

68.2million

metric tonsCaustic soda

72.7

New technologies

Transport

Health

Food Safety

Global Demand Chlorine / Soda in 2014

Chlorine Applications

Water

Sour

ce: W

orld

Chlo

rine C

ounc

il

Crop p

rotec

tion p

rodu

ctsPr

oduc

ts for

hair t

reatm

ent

Ion ex

chan

ge re

sin po

lymer

sTh

icken

ers a

nd ad

ditive

s for

food

Vinyl

stabil

izers

Phar

mac

eutic

als

Ethyle

nedia

mines

PVC (

Polyv

inyl Ch

loride

)

CPVC (Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride)

Flame re

tardant ag

ent

Crop protec

tion products

Hydraulic f

luids

Printing and engraving

Pharmaceuticals

Water treatment

Chemical specialties

Additives for paints and varnishes

Special oils

Adhesives

Paint removers

Solvents

Toot

hpas

tes an

d den

tal pr

oduc

tsPr

epara

tion o

f deo

doran

tsAu

xiliar

y pro

ducts

for w

elding

CosmeticsCrop protection productsDyesAccelerators and stabilizers for plastics

PharmaceuticalsSunscreen lotions

Polysulfones

Ethylcellulose

Methylcellulose

Thickeners for food

and non-food purposes

Silicones

Algicides

Bactericides

Deodorants

Disinfectants for pools

Portable water purifiers

Neoprene rubberPolycarbonates

Wate

r tre

atm

ent

Expa

nsion

agen

tsPh

arm

aceu

ticals

Polym

eriza

tion c

ataly

stRo

cket

prop

ellan

tsEla

stic f

ibers

Airb

ags

Automotive and electrical com

ponents

Bulletproof glass

Protection glasses / CDs /

Home appliances /

Windows

(buses, airplanes, trains, subways and buildings)

Propylene oxide

Lining for carpets

Shoe soles

Hoses and gaskets

Wetsuits

Intermediary productsProdutos farmacêuticos

Refrigerantes

Cosmetics

Encapsulation of electronic components

Prosthetics

Pharmaceuticals

Polishes, waxes

Surgical membranes

Residential applications such as heating and sealing

Waterproof coatings

CoatingsPaintsComponents for rockets

Water treatment

Pharmaceuticals

Components for computers

Electronic componentsPipes and sheets

Power and light cabinets

Addit

ives f

or oil

s and

deter

gents

Chem

ical p

roduc

ts for

pape

r

Softe

ners

Binding adhesives and agents f

or synthetic

grass / Coatin

gs for ca

rs / baby str

ollers /

Coatings fo

r crib cushions /

Bicycle seats

and handlebar grips / Mattr

ess covers /

Gambling tables and chairs / Boxes fo

r cosm

etics, c

ameras and binoculars / Paper

linings and wallpapers / Packa

ging for food products,

cosmetic

s, toilet

and cleaning

products / In

sulating and decorati

on tapes/ Electri

cal insulation / C

oating for ex

ercise

cushions, fences, p

latforms and tru

sses /

Films and sheets

/ Floor co

verings / Molded

strips /

Garden hoses / Golf b

ags / Hand bags, w

allets /

Boots and shoes /

Toys

Hot and cold water piping / Pipes and

fittings / P

umps and valves / Tower fill

ing /

Sheets for sto

rage tanks / Large diameter

pipelines / Tank coatings

Medica

l equip

ment, b

lood b

ags a

nd tu

bing /

inflat

able b

oats a

nd flo

ats /

Piping

and p

lumbin

g fitti

ngs /

Wate

rproo

f cloth

ing, ra

incoa

ts and

umbre

llas /

Schoo

l and o

ffice m

ateria

l / Coa

ting f

or sea

ts / Sid

ings, g

utters

and t

rough

s /

Solar

refle

ctive f

ilm / L

iners a

nd co

vers fo

r poo

ls / Te

xtile c

oatin

gs / W

atch

strap

s and

belts

/ Doo

r and

wind

ow fra

mes / P

rosthe

tics

Polyurethanes

Epichlorohydrin

Silver coating for

mirror surfaces

AdiponitrileBulletproof vests

Sport clothing and shoesLining for truck birthsStorm sheltersTires and tire cordsProtective glovesSmartphones

Clothing for firefightersFabrics for military and police uniformsClothing for car racing driversElectrical insulationAerospace applications

Bleaching of pulp, paper and textilesDisinfectants for pools

Household bleachesDisinfectants for surfaces

PharmaceuticalsWater and sewage treatment, Water purifying

Crop protection products

Polyvinylidene Chloride

Catalysts

Corrosio

n resistant p

aints

Electri

cal components

Pigments

Semiconducto

rs

Synthetic precio

us stones (g

ems)

Soft d

rinks

Solve

ntsDry

clean

ingPa

per a

nd pu

lp ble

achin

g

Disinf

ectan

ts for

pools

Wate

r trea

tmen

t

Food processing

Desulphurizing agent for oil

Alkylchloride production

Oil well AcidifiersHydraulic fracturingProduction of metal chlorides

Pickling in Steel production

Coagulant agent for latex

AlloysPyrotechnic agentsRefractory products

Silicone resins and elastomers

Beer brewingCorn syrupGelatinMonosodium glutamate

Sugar refining

Latex coatings

Multifaceted paper bags

Packing for food products

(meat and poultry)

Nylon

Ethylene Glycol

Ethylene Oxide

Eraser rubbers

Antioxidants for rubbers

Crop protection chemicalsDyes

Catalysts for vulcanization

Detergents for dishwashers

Household and commercial bleaches

Sanitizers for pools

Cleaning powder

Acrylonitrile

ABS plastic, phones /

Acrylic fibers /

Boats / Tool boxes/

Cash registers/ Radios/ Bags /

Nitrile rubber / Bath booths

Abrasive discs / Adhesives / Insulation / Bumpers and fenders / Brush bristles / Foam for cushions and mattresses / Paints

and varnishes / Sealant and heating agents / Heels and coverings for shoes / Elastic fibers for clothing

Antifreeze and coolants / Brake fluids / Cleansing creams /

Coverings / Cosmetics / Crop protection products / Aromatic

extracts / Additives for food / Lotions and creams / Natural gas

treatment / Paints / Pharmaceuticals / Plasticizers / Plastics /

Syrups for soft drinks / Solvents

Propylene glycols

Hydroxypropyl acrylate

Polypropylene glycols

Coatings

Lubricants

fluids for working with metal

Plastics

Rubbers

Propylene glycol ether

Brake fluid

Cleaners

Coverings

Intermediary products

Chemical mining products

Paints

Solvents

Adhesives

Coatings

Corrosion inhibitors

Cosmetics and personal care

Crop protection products

Neutralizing agents

Plastics

Surfactants

Urethanes

Isopropanolamines

Polymers

Water treatm

entsMoisture resistant resins

Glycerin Hum

idifier compounds

Pharmaceuticals

Epoxy resins

Coatings for aluminum

cans

Household glues for metal, glass and ceram

ic

Dental sealants

Boards and components for com

puters

Coatings for surfaces and household items

Blades for wind turbines.

Antifreeze fluidPolyester

Beds, pillows, mattress covers,

sheets, blankets, bedspreads, towels /

Boat hulls and automotive com

ponents /

Ornaments and curtains / Coating for fire hoses /

Clothing / Reinforcement for rubber hoses /

Tents and marquees / Fabrics m

anufacture /

Manufacturing of rubber tires and seat belts /

Upholstered furniture (sofas and chairs)

Artificial grassCar tapestry

Bristles for tooth, hair, painting, carpet and rug brushesTow and ropes

Boat sails and fishing equipmentsLife jackets

Manufacture of furniture

electric and acoustic guitar stringsSport shoes

ParachutesPen tips

Camping tents and sleeping bags

Surgical sutures

Awnings and covers

Strings for tennis racketsTire cordsClothing

Screens for windows

Wire insulation

Basic sanitation

Production of hydrochlorides

Batteries

Pharmaceutical products

Stabilizers for plastics

Propellants for rockets

Rubber accelerators

Chips for computers

Optical fibers

Smartphones

Unmanned aerial vehicles

Home appliances

Allyle Chloride

Drink

ing w

ater

disin

fecti

on an

dTre

atm

ent o

f was

tewa

ter a

nd ef

fluen

tsMe

thyl

chlor

oace

tate

/ Chlo

roac

etic

acid

1,2 Di

chlor

oeth

ane (

DCE)

Vinyl

Chlor

ide

Phosphorus trich

loride

Phosphorous pentac

hloride

Phosphorous oxych

loride

Ferric Chloride

Dichloroethyl Ether

Methylene chloride

Zinc c

hlor

ide

Benzoyl chloride / ChlorotoluenesTrichlorotoluene / Parachlorobenzotrifluoride

Dichlorophenyl sulfone

Ethyl ChlorideMethyl ChlorideStannous Chloride

Calcium hypochlorite

1,1,1 Trichloroethane

Chloroform

Carbon Tetrachloride

Chloropropene

PhosgeneHydr

azin

e

Hydrochloric Acid

Chlor

ine Di

oxide

Perch

loreth

ylene

/ Tric

hloroe

thylen

e

Titanium DioxideVinylidene Chloride

Chloropropanol

Aluminum Chloride

Sodium Hypochlorite

Isophthaloyl chloride

Terephthaloyl chloride

1,4-Dichlorobutane

Chlorinated isocyanurates

Sulfur Dichloride / Sulfur Monochloride /

Thionyl Chloride / Sulphoryl Chloride

2 - Chloroethanol Silicon chlorides

#HereThereIsChlorine

ofi

cina

deid

éia

s

A major product of the chlorine industry is polyvinyl chloride, known as PVC. Over 30% of the chlorine produced in the world goes to the PVC industry, which contains 57% chlorine in weight.

The life cycle of PVC products ranges from 2 to 100 years, with an average of over 60 years. Because PVC is a durable, resistant, versatile, waterproof, harmless and 100% recyclable plastic that does not corrode, is a thermal and acoustic insulator, does not propagate fire and can be produced in any color or hardness from transparent to opaque, hard to flexible, it is widely used in medicine, food, packaging, footwear, toys, wires and cables, coatings, automotive and construction industries, among others.

Frames for doors and windows, ceilings and floors, wires and cables, decks, railings and wallpapers are some of the PVC products used in civil construction and architecture, thanks to its weather resistance, acoustic and thermal insulation, easy maintenance, long durability and dispensing painting or other treatments, in addition to its good cost/benefit ratio.

PVC products are essential to modern medicine, being present from packaging to medicines (blisters), blood bags, serum bags, endotracheal tubes, cardiovascular catheters and even the floors of operating rooms, where the highest level of hygiene is indispensable.

PVC is also used in toys, school supplies, decoration and design articles, fashion (synthetic leather, footwear), auto industry, pool coatings, agriculture sector (PVC geomembranes), packaging, sports equipment and clothing, gardening equipment, credit cards, among many other applications.

PVC is 100% recyclable and the product’s recycling has increased yearly, turning post consumption PVC into various new products, generating jobs and income and contributing to environmental preservation.

These are some of the reasons why PVC has a long-lasting future, since given its different applications and presence in people's daily lives, it has become an indispensable product in today’s everyday life.

PVC, an indispensableproduct in today’s life

Civil construction and architecture:competitive, economic and long useful life products

PVC in health: equipment and medical supplies

Other applications

Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride (CPVC) is a thermoplastic polymer produced by chlorination of PVC resin. The uses of CPVC include pipes for hot and cold water, handling industrial liquids, pipes and fittings, pumps and valves, filters, tower filling, and to manufacture plates for storage tanks, large diameter pipelines and lining tanks.

CPVC in industry

Sustainable developmentRecycling and Environmental Impact

PVC piping is used to transport drinking water to thousands of homes and industries. Because it is light and flexible, its installation is easy and economical. Moreover, the constructive characteristics of the pipes allows a perfect fit between each other (tip and sleeve), avoiding losses and contamination risks, from the water treatment plant (WTP) to the end consumer.

PVC pipes and fittings are also widely used in basic sanitation in sewage treatment, which still shows a large deficit in developing countries.

Having basic sanitation is a key factor for a country to be considered developed. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), one in every three inhabitants of the world live without access to an adequate sanitation system and 10% of the diseases recorded worldwide could be prevented if governments invested more in treatment and distribution of water, hygiene and basic sanitation.

Water - a precious natural resource

Basic Sanitation - contributionto public health and the environment