Is Matter Pure-Fine

8/9/2019 Is Matter Pure-Fine

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Is matter pure?

For a long time, two schools of thought prevailed regarding the

nature of matter.

One school believed matter to be continuous like a blockof wood, whereas,

Matter is made up of particles

The other thought that matter was made up of particles like sand.

Let us perform an activity to decide about the nature of matter – is it continuous or partic

As per principle of churning, the lighter components stay at the top when a mixture

of liquids are spun rapidly.



Matter is a substance that occupy space and has mass.

Matter exists in three states. Solid

Liquid

Gas

It can be broadly divided into two major groups.

i) Pure and

ii) Impure (mixture)

In chemistry, the term 'purity' acquires quite a different meaning from what

to be in our day-to-day life.

Normally, when we refer to pure water, pure milk, etc ., what is implied is tha

etc ., are free from harmful substances such as bacteria, fungi, viruses,

adulterated.

'Purity' as a chemical concept signifies something quite different.

Matter Classification

Raw gold



The Three States of Water

When we dissolve salt in water, the particles of salt get

into the spaces between particles of water.



When we say a substance is pure, it means that the constituent particles t

substance are of only one type and have the same chemical nature.

For example, in chemical terms, pure water implies that it is made of only one typ

H2O.

Accordingly, the chemical classification of matter specifies two main categories of

substances, pure substances and mixtures (impure substances).

Matter Classification



Matter Classification (Flowchart)Thus we can conclude that mixtures are

of two types, homogeneous and

heterogeneous. Do you know that these

can again be classified into different

kinds? Let us find out.



Some substances are able to dissolve other materials. If you put

sugar into water, the water will dissolve the sugar. The sugar will

soon disappear (sugar molecules are dissolved in the water)…

Solubility and Solutions

• Solution - a special type of mixture where one of the components mixes

(dissolves) so that you can’t visibly see one of the parts.

• Solubility - the property describing how much of a material canbe dissolved.

Pepper is not soluble in water. We can say pepper is insolub

Salt has a high solubility in water. We can dissolve a lot of

• Dissolving a substance is an example of a phyiscal change. The substance is S

hasn’t been changed into anything new!



SolutionsHomogeneousAir around you, Brass, Table salt/ sugar stirred intowater, etc.

Oil and vinegar dressing & Sand stirred into waterHeterogeneous

Methods of separating mixturesDecant

Evaporation

Centrifuge

Filtration

Crystallization

Solvent extraction

Distillation

Chromatography



Threshing Winnowing

Pebbles and stones are

removed from sand by sievingEvaporation and

condensation

Handpicking stones from gra

Separating two components of a

mixture by sedimentation anddecantation

Methods of separating mixtures (traditional meth



Filtration of liquid and solid mixture

Separation of Heterogeneous Mixture by Filtrat

Separating tea leaveswith a strainer

A technique that uses a porous barrier to separate a solid

from a liquid



A technique that results in the formation of pure solid particles o

a substance from a solution containing the dissolved substance

Separation of Homogeneous Mixture by Crystalliza

f b ll



Separation of Heterogeneous Mixture by Distilla

S i f H Mi b Di ill


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/is-matter-pure-fine 12/20Se aration of two miscible li uids b distillation

A technique that is based on differences in the boiling points of s

Separation of Homogeneous Mixture by Distilla

S ti f H Mi t b F ti l Di



Separation of Homogeneous Mixture by Fractional Di

A technique that is based on small differences in the boiling points o

S ti f H t Mi t b S bli



Separation of ammonium chloride and salt by sublimation

Separation of Heterogeneous Mixture by Sublima

A technique that is based on differences in the sublimation state of

S ti f H Mi t b S l t E t



Separation of Homogeneous Mixture by Solvent Ext

Separation of Homogeneous Mixture by Paper & TLC Chr



A technique that separates the components of a mixture on the bastendency of each to travel or be drawn across the surface of anothe

Separation of dyes in black ink using paper & TLC chromatograph

Separation of Homogeneous Mixture by Paper & TLC Chr

Separation of components of air



Separation of components of air

Water purification system in water work



Water purification system in water work

Tyndall effect



Tyndall effectWhen a beam of light is passed through a colloidal solution, the colloid

the beam of light and the path of light becomes visible in the solution. ThTyndall effect.

Tyndall effect can be seen when light enters a room through a small hole

of light by the dust and smoke particles.

Tyndall effect can be seen in a dense forest due to scattering of light by wthe mist.

Wh t h l t?



What you have learnt?

A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances. The majorsolution is called the ‘solvent’, and the minor, the ‘solute’.

The concentration of a solution is the amount of solute present per unit volume o

the solution/ solvent.

Materials that are insoluble in a solvent and have particles that are visible to na

suspension. A suspension is a heterogeneous mixture.

Colloids are heterogeneous mixtures in which the particle size is too small to

naked eye, but is big enough to scatter light. The particles are called the dispers

medium in which they are distributed is called the dispersion medium.

Pure substances can be elements or compounds. An element is a form of matt

broken down by chemical reactions into simpler substances. A compound

composed of two or more different types of elements, chemically combined in a fi

Properties of a compound are different from its constituent elements, whereas

the properties of its constituting elements or compounds.

A mixture contains more than one substance

compound) mixed in any proportion.

Mixtures can be separated into pure substances u

separation techniques.

Is Matter Pure-Fine

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