Is literature always political?
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8/17/2019 Is literature always political?
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Lycgj Mjrrgsno (15:9)
Gs lgtirjturi jlwjys pnlgtghjl> Ixplnri mnw ijrly dnciro tixts iobjbi wgtm pnlgtghjl hulturi.
”Ri jri jll iodismic go pnlgtghs aihjusi wi jri jll hgtgzios n` sndiwmiri i!io wrgtirs
joc wi hjoont ishjpi aigo" smjpic ay pnlgtghjl cihgsgnos# ag" joc sdjll$% : &mgs stjtidiot#
wrgttio ay 'lg!i iognr# iohjpsuljtis tmi ontgno tmjt lgtirjturi joc pnlgtghs jri hncipiociot*
gt riprisiots tmi gcij tmjt tmi wrgtir joc tmigr wnr+ jri jlwjys hnoti,tujlgsic joc tmjt wmjt gs
wrgttio mjs jlwjys aiio go`luiohic ay tmi pnlgtghjl hulturi n` tmi tgdi$ Rgtm tmgs# tmi joswir
tn tmi -uistgno ”gs lgtirjturi pnlgtghjl.% hnulc ai "g!io js j sgdpli ”yis%# j wrgtir ri`lihts no
tmigr io!grnodiot# aut upno i,plnrjtgno# tmi ciptm pnsic ay tmi riljtgnosmgp aitwiio
lgtirjturi joc pnlgtghs gs antm gdpnrtjot joc suastjotgjl$ &mgs gs aihjusi n` mnw j ti,t io"j"is
wgtm pnlgtghjl hulturi/ cipiocgo" no j purpnsi nr jucgiohi# lgtirjturi hjo ai dnri go!gtgo" n`
j riljtgnosmgp wgtm pnlgtghs# wmitmir gt ai wgtm suaiht nr jutmnr# nr hjo ai liss na!gnusly sn$
&n gllustrjti mnw dnciro ti,ts io"j"i wgtm pnlgtghjl hulturi# tmgs issjy wgll gohluci Ivi‗s
Jpnlnby go Ci`iosi n` Rndio (j suasihtgno n` idilgj Ljoyir%s Xljvis Cius Qix
Fucànrud)# gr Rjltir jli"m%s Smi Cgshnviry n` tmi Idpgri n` ugjoj joc 8uiio 3lgzjaitm
%s riply tn noi n` Rjltir%s pnids/ ” Jm! Xglly "ub! Rirt Smnu sn Xnri J`rjgc‗ # jlno" wgtm
sihnocjry nurojls joc hrgtghs$ 0sgo" hlnsi jojlysgs n` tmi styli# hnoti,t# purpnsi joc
ljo"uj"i gohlucic go tmi ti,ts# tmgs issjy wgll i,plnri tmi cg``iriot wjys go wmghm ijrly
dnciro ti,ts io"j"i wgtm pnlgtghjl hulturi$
t gs gdpirjtg!i# `grstly# tn put ijrly dnciro pnlgtghjl hulturi gotn hnoti,t$ &mi ijrly dnciro
pirgnc go -uistgno ri`irs hmgi`ly tn tmi iojgssjohi pirgnc# wmghm tmi ',`nrc 3o"lgsm
2ghtgnojry ci`gois js/ ”&mi ri!g!jl n` tmi jrts joc mg"m hulturi uocir tmi go`luiohi n`
hljssghjl dncils# ai"googo" go tmi :=tm hiotury%$1 &mnu"m tmi i,jht cjti n` tmi ioc n` tmi
iojgssjohi pirgnc gs cgsputic jdno"st shmnljrs# gt gs dnst hnddnoly jttrgautic tn tmi :7 tm
: 'lg!i iognr# ”Lgtirjturi gs pnlgtghjl aihjusi wi jri pnlgtghjl jogdjls%# Smi ujrcgjo# 16 (15:;)
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Lycgj Mjrrgsno (15:9)
hiotury$ ociic# 3rgh Jnhmrjoi wrgtis/ ”&mi ioc n` tmi iojgssjohi AgsH jll tmi wjy cnwo tn
:4;;%$; &n hnoti,tujlgsi `urtmir# pnlgtghjl hulturi go tmi ijrly dnciro pirgnc# go wmghm jll
tmrii ti,ts wiri +onwo tn ai wrgttio# wjs cndgojtic djgoly ay tmi djli "iocir* djoy n`
3lgzjaitm %s hnurtgirs wiri djli joc `idjli jutmnrsmgp wjs ljr"ily uohnddno nr
uohricgtic$ Riocy Rjll iluhgcjtis tmgs oghily go mir ann+ Smi #dprgot n` iocir # wrgtgo"/
”Rmio stjtgnoirs arjocgsmic `idjli tgtlis `nr tmigr wnr+sC noi i``iht n` tmgs
riprisiotjtgno wjs# n` hnursi# j hnosnlgcjtgno n` tmi wndjo%s prnshrgaic suanrcgojti
pnsgtgno go iojgssjohi hulturi%$=
&mgs gs jo i,tridily gdpnrtjot `jhtnr go joswirgo" mnw ijrly dnciro ti,ts io"j"i wgtm
pnlgtghjl hulturi aihjusi idilgj Ljoyir joc 3lgzjaitm %s ti,ts antm jccriss "iocir gssuis
joc# jltmnu"m gocgrihtly# jli"m tnn gohnrpnrjtis tmi gcij n` cgsputi aitwiio Ijo joc
Rndjo$
?rnd tmi stjrt# idilgj Ljoyir%s Ivi‗s Jpnlnby go Ci`iosi n` Rndio io"j"is wgtm
pnlgtghjl hulturi tmrnu"m riprisiotjtgno n` tmi `idjli hmjrjhtir upno ri`lihtgno no tmi hulturi
jt tmi tgdi$ ociic# tmi tmidi n` tmi pnid gs tn prisiot 3!i# wmn# js tmi pnid stjtis# ”tjstic
n` tmi trii% (stjozj ;# lgoi ;) js j !ghtgd go pnlgtghjlly pjtrgjrhmjl wnrlc$ 9 Mir pnid gs j
ri`lihtgno n` tmi ljh+ n` pnwir joc jutmnrgty tmjt duhm n` tmi `idjli "iocir wjs hnocidoic
tn curgo" tmi iojgssjohi pirgnc$ ociic# wmio Xljvis Cius Qix Fucànrud wjs wrgttio go
8 3rgh Jnhmrjoi# ”&mi 3oc n` tmi iojgssjohi go ?lnriohi%# $g%lgntm&'ui c‗(udjogsdi it
Qiojgssjohi# @nl$ : (:649)# p$ 17
3 Riocy Rjll# ”Jmjptir 'oi/ &urogo" nooit/ &mi Bnlgtghs joc Bnitghs n` nooit Jgrhuljtgno%# Smi
#dprgot n` iocir (iw Gnr+/ Jnroill 0og!irsgty Briss# :66;)# p$ 41
9 idilgj Ljoyir# ”3!i%s pnln"y go 2i`iosi n` Rndio%# Smi )nrtno Jotmnlnby n` Ioblgsm *gtirjturi (Lnocno/ nrtno# 15:1)# p$ :=;=
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Lycgj Mjrrgsno (15:9)
:4::# Fjdis # wmn cgslg+ic mgs wg`i# wjs no tmi tmrnoi joc surrnuocic mgdsil` wgtm ynuo"
dio tn jc!gsi mgd$ lno" wgtm tmgs# tmi gdpjssgnoic styli n` tmi ojrrjtgno n` Ivi‗s Jpnlnby
go Ci`iosi n` Rndio jlsn prn!gcis jontmir cgdiosgno tn mir pnid/ smi gs smnwgo" tmjt 3!i gs
j riprisiotjtgno n` tmi `idjli "iocir js j wmnli$ Rgtm tmgs# tmi cipghtgno n` tmi ndjo
n``ghgjl Bgljti joc 3!i%s musajoc cjd js riprisiotjtgno n` tmi djli "iocir lgo+s will gotn
tmi pnlgtghjl tmidi aihjusi tmigr prisiohi hnoti,tujlgsis tmi pnid* Ljoyir hli!irly jccrissis
tmi cndgojohi n` dio go pnlgtghs joc rnyjl hnurts$ ociic# tmi ojrrjtnr hmjllio"is Ijo%s
hljgd tn sn!irig"oty joc jldnst plijcs tn ai jt jo i-ujl/
”&mio lit us mj!i nur lgairty j"jgo
oc hmjllio"i tn ynursil!is on sn!irig"oty$% (tjozj ::# lgois :1)
&mgs suppnrts tmi jr"udiot tmjt ijrly dnciro ti,ts io"j"i wgtm pnlgtghjl hulturi tmrnu"m
ri`lihtgno joc hnoti,tujlgsjtgno# aihjusi tmrnu"m i,prissgo" mir nwo !giw tmrnu"m mir
pnitry# Ljoyir io"j"is wgtm pnlgtghjl hulturi ay wrgtgo" j pgihi go`luiohic ay mir
surrnuocgo"s joc# pirmjps dnst gdpnrtjotly# tmrnu"m hmjllio"go" tmi pnlgtghjl hulturi smi
+oiw$ lno" wgtm tmgs# tmi gdpnrtjot tmidi n` "iocir pnlgtghs gs jlsn suppnrtic$
Kut# wmgli Ljoyir plijs `nr tmi i-ujlgty n` antm "iocirs joc prisiots tmi `idjli si,
tn ai liss jutmnrgtjtg!i pnlgtghjlly# 8uiio 3lgzjaitm %s pnid ” Jm! Xglly "ub! Rirt Smnu sn
Xnri J`rjgc‗ # j rispnosi tn j pnid wrgttio ay gr Rjltir jli"m tn mir# hnotrjsts wgtm tmgs$ &n
put tmgs gotn hnoti,t# 3lgzjaitm%s pnid wjs j rispnosi tn j pnid jli"m mjc wrgttio tn mir
janut tmi dgs`nrtuoi n` lnsgo" mgs ln!i$ Mi joc tmi 8uiio mjc nohi ionyic hndrjciry go tmi
pjst# aut ay tmgs tgdi# tmigr riljtgnosmgp wgtm ijhm ntmir jt tmi tgdi n` wrgtgo" tmgs pnid wjs
cihjygo"$ Kihjusi n` tmgs# tmi ljo"uj"i usic ay 3lgzjaitm go ” Jm! Xglly "ub! Rirt Smnu sn
Xnri J`rjgc‗ gs npio tn gotirpritjtgno$
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Lycgj Mjrrgsno (15:9)
ociic# tmnu"m tmi jr"udiot n` ri`lihtgno gs gdpnrtjot# tmjt jlnoi hjoont ai jttrgautic
snlily tn mnw ti,ts io"j"i wgtm pnlgtghjl hulturi$ ociic# 3lgzjaitm io"j"is wgtm pnlgtghjl
hulturi `nr tmi purpnsi n` smnwgo" mir strio"tm js j wndjo# aut gt gs dnstly mir usi n`
ljo"uj"i tmjt gotrncuhis j pnlgtghjl ilidiot tn tmi pnid$ Mir usi n` j``ihtgnojti ogh+ojdis
`nr jli"m# suhm js ”Bu"% nr ”Rjt%# jppijrs tn ai j riprisiotjtgno n` tmi pjgr%s hlnsi
riljtgnosmgp$ Mnwi!ir# mir ljo"uj"i gs pnlgtghjlly ajsic$ Ky hjllgo" mgd ogh+ojdis# 3lgzjaitm
rij``grds mir stjtus js 8uiio aihjusi smi jldnst idjshuljtis mgd* tmisi ogh+ojdis jht js
pnssissg!i prnonuos tmjt prisiot 3lgzjaitm js j wndjo wmn gs dnri jutmnrgtjtg!i tmjo j djli
hnuotirpjrt$4 ociic# smi cnis cgrihtly jccriss tmi djli "iocir# hnotrjstgo" wmjt smi ailgi!is
tn ai jli"m%s ”`gh+li% pnid wgtm mir nwo strno" hmjrjhtir# js smi wrgtis/
”n# on# dy pu"# tmnu"m ?nrtuoi wiri ont algoc#
ssuri tmysil` tmjt smi hnulc ont ruli dy dgoc$
?nrtuoi# +onw# snditgdis cntm hno-uir +go"s#
oc rulis joc rig"os no ijrtm joc ijrtmly tmgo"s%$7 (Lgois 7:5)
&mi hnotrjstgo" lgois miri cgrihtly diotgno tmi djli "iocir go ”+go"s%# wmglst 3lgzjaitm jlsn
tills jli"m tn ai suri tmjt jltmnu"m mi djy mj!i suhhudaic# tmi 8uiio wgll ont lit mir dgoc
ai tj+io n!ir ay trg!gjlgtgis$ t gs# mnwi!ir# go tmi ljst lgoi n` tmgs -unti tmjt prn!gcis tmi
"rijtist lgo+ aitwiio ljo"uj"i# hnoti,t joc mnw ti,ts io"j"i wgtm pnlgtghjl hulturi$ Rmgli
3lgzjaitm jssuris jli"m mir dgoc wgll ont ai tjgotic ay ”`gh+li `nrtuoi%# smi "nis notn wrgti
tmjt +go"s joc ”ijrtmly tmgo"s% wnulc ont ai jali tn sjy tmi sjdi$ &mgs su""ists tmjt tmi
0 3lgzjaitm # ”Jmjptir &wn/ Rndio go Bnwir%# ” Jm! Xglly "ub! Rirt Smnu sn Xnri J`rjgc‗ # Smi
)nrtno Jotmnlnby n` Ioblgsm *gtirjturi (Lnocno/ nrtno# 15:1)# p$ 741# lgois :1
2 3lgzjaitm # ” Jm! Xglly "ub! Rirt Smnu sn Xnri J`rjgc‗ # Smi )nrtno Jotmnlnby n` Ioblgsm *gtirjturi! p$ 741# lgoi :;
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Lycgj Mjrrgsno (15:9)
8uiio wjs rij``grdgo" mir stjtus js j cg!goily jppngotic dnojrhm/ smi wjs hmnsio ay nc
joc wjs jan!i mir suaihts joc tmisi ”ijrtmly tmgo"s%$ ociic# Lioj Jnwio 'rlgo wrgtis/
”AcispgtiH mir turauliot prg!jti mgstnry# AsmiH tiocicC tn idpmjsgsiC tmi pualgh rnli smi
jssudic ay cg!goi ilihtgno%$D &n put tmgs gotn hnoti,t# 3lgzjaitm wjs ri`lihtgo" no mir stjtus
js 8uiio# wmglst sgdultjoinusly puttgo" cnwo tmi djli "iocir tmrnu"m mir usi n` pnlgtghjl
ljo"uj"i# suhm js ”+go"s%# ”rulis% joc ”rig"os%$ o ri"jrcs tn mnw ijrly dnciro ti,ts io"j"i
wgtm pnlgtghjl hulturi# tmgs pngot smnws tmjt cispgti wmjt 2jogilli Jljr+i cishrgais js tmi
”prnalidjtgh ontgno n` `idjli jutmnrsmgp% go tmi iojgssjohi pirgnc# `idjlis hnulc usi tmigr
"iocir tn tmigr jc!jotj"i$6 s smnwo miri# 8uiio 3lgzjaitm io"j"ic wgtm pnlgtghjl hulturi
tmrnu"m cgsdgssgo" jli"m%s `gh+li `jotjsgis joc prisiotgo" mirsil` js j strno" wndjo tmjt
`nrtuoi hnulc ont hnotrnl# tmjt mjc tn joswir noly tn nc* smi usic hli!ir ljo"uj"i tn
rij``grd mir stjtus jan!i jli"m joc gociic# tmi iotgri djli "iocir$
&mgs lijcs gotn tmi gcij n` lgtirjturi aigo" usic js j pnlgtghjl wijpno joc j wjy n` "jgogo"
pnlgtghjl suppnrt go tmi ijrly dnciro pirgnc$ &mnu"m 3lgzjaitm joc Ljoyir%s ti,ts siidgo"ly
hnotrjst wgtm ijhm ntmir# gt gs gdpirjtg!i tn i,plnri wmjt lgo+s tmid tn"itmir* tmgs `urtmir
smnws mnw ijrly dnciro ti,ts io"j"i wgtm pnlgtghjl hulturi$ ltmnu"m tmiy antm "g!i
cg``iriot dissj"is no tmi sur`jhi# antm pnids io"j"i wgtm pnlgtghjl hulturi tn smnw tmi
hjpjaglgty n` tmi `idjli "iocir$ Rmgli Ljoyir prisiots wndio js tmi !ghtgd# smi cnis jlsn
prisiot tmi `idjli "iocir js strno" joc i-ujl tn djo* gociic# tmi ojrrjtnr jccrissis tmi djli
"iocir go stjozj ::/
”Gnu hjdi ont go tmi wnrlc wgtmnut nur pjgo#
= Lioj Jnwio 'rlgo# ”&mi ?ghtgnojl ?jdglgis n` 3lgzjaitm %# "nlgtghjl Qmitnrgh! "n+ir! joc Qiojgssjohi
Rndio! ic$ ay Jjrnli Li!go joc Bjtrghgj $ ullg!jo (:669)# p$ :51
7 2jogilli Jljr+i# ”Jmjptir &wn/ &mi iojgssjohi 2iajti anut Rndio%# Smi "nlgtghs n` Ijrly ,nciro Rndio‗s Rrgtgob (Mjrlnw/ Bijrsno# 155:) p$ 9:
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Lycgj Mjrrgsno (15:9)
Ij+i tmjt j ajr j"jgost ynur hruilty*
Gnur `jult aigo" "rijtir# wmy smnulc ynu cgscjgo
'ur aigo" ynur i-ujls# `rii `rnd tyrjooy.% (tjozj ::# lgois ;4)$
Miri# Ljoyir gs aigo" jhhusjtg!i* tmi ojrrjtnr gs pljhgo" tmi aljdi sn n`tio jttrgautic tn
wndio notn tmi djli "iocir joc# ont uolg+i 3lgzjaitm%s jssirtgno n` jutmnrgty n!ir jli"m#
cgsdgssgo" tmi gcij tmjt Ijo gs liss trnualic janut `rg!nlgtgis$ &mgs lgo+ smnws tmjt antm ti,ts
jri npioly pnlgtghjl# joc sn# tmi gcij n` tmi jutmnrs io"j"go" go pnlgtghjl hulturi tmrnu"m usgo"
lgtirjturi js wijpno gs `urtmir suppnrtic$ Kihjusi Ljoyir%s ti,t cgrihtly jhhusis tmi djli
"iocir# tmi pnid tmiri`nri cgrihtly jppijls joc sydpjtmgsis wgtm tmi `idjli "iocir/ go j
wjy# smi gs jldnst `nuocgo" j `idgogst dn!idiot go wmghm smi mnpis ntmirs wnulc `nllnw$
ociic# Rjll wrgtis/ ”AXljvi Cius Qix FucànrudH gs j prntn`idgogst pnlidgh ann+$$$
gotirtwgoic go prisiotgo" `idjli pnitgh jutmnrgty$%:5 Fioog`ir uddgt prisiots tmi gcij tmjt
wgtm 3lgzjaitm aigo" 8uiio n` 3o"ljoc# mir pnitry wnulc ai n` "rijt gotirist* gt gs dnri tmjo
lg+ily tmjt smi wnulc mj!i +onwo tmjt mir pnid tn jli"m wnulc ai put uocir shrutgoy$
ociic# go mir jrtghli ”O&mi rti j`j Ljcgis BiooiN/ 3lgzjaitm joc tmi Bnitghs 8uiiosmgp% smi
wrgtis/
”3lgzjaitm%s pnsgtgno js j `idjli dnojrhm ont noly wjs hnosgstiot wgtm tmjt n` j pnit#
gt djci mir uog-uily -ujlg`gic `nr gt$ &mi 8uiio sjohtgnoic joc iohnurj"ic tmgs
rihn"ogtgno n` mir pnitgh jhtg!gty%$::
:5 Riocy Rjll# ”Jmjptir ?g!i/ 2johgo" o j it/ &mi Brnalids n` ?idjli utmnrsmgp%# Smi #dprgot
n` iocir (iw Gnr+/ Jnroill 0og!irsgty Briss# :66;)# p$ ;14
:: Fioog`ir uddgt# ”O&mi rti j`j Ljcgis BiooiN/ 3lgzjaitm joc tmi Bnitghs 8uiiosmgp# Ioblgsm *gtirjry Qiojgssjohi! 14/; (:664)# p$ ;6D
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Lycgj Mjrrgsno (15:9)
Kihjusi n` tmgs# tmi gcij tmjt smi wjs usgo" mir pnid tn prisiot mirsil` js j strno" dnojrhm
tn mir pinpli hnotrgautis tn lgtirjturi aigo" usic js j pnlgtghjl wijpno/ smi wjs jttidptgo" tn
"jgo suppnrt ay `ljttirgo" mir gdj"i$
'` hnursi# on dnojrhm gs uojogdnusly pnpuljr# joc jli"m%s Smi Cgshnviry n` tmi
Idpgri n` ugjoj gs# upno hlnsir i,plnrjtgno# j suatli lgo+ wgtm 3lgzjaitm%s ruli n` 3o"ljoc$
Rmgli aigo" npioly pnlgtghjl go ri"jrcs tn mgs i,plnrjtgno n` j oiw hno-uist# mgs ti,t
pnssissis j ciipir suati,t$ ociic# gt gs +onwo tmjt tmi 8uiio mjc ripljhic jli"m js noi n`
mir `j!nurgti hnurtgirs joc mjc -ujsmic mgs gcij n` hjpturgo" ugjoj$ &mrnu"mnut mgs ti,t#
jli"m jttidpts tn uocirdgoi 3lgzjaitm ay gdplygo" tmjt mir ojtgno# 3o"ljoc# gs uocisgrjali
oi,t tn tmi ”ljr"i# rghm# aijutg`ul 3dpgri n` ugjoj%$:1 Mi wrgtis/ ”ll pljhis Ago ugjojH ygilc
jauocjohi n` hnttno# n` sgl+# n` ajlsjd# joc n` tmnsi +gocs dnst i,hilliot joc oi!ir +onwo go
3urnpi% joc ”tmi smgogo" "lnry n` tmgs hno-uist wgll ihlgpsi jll tmnsi sn `jr i,tiocic aijds n`
tmi pjogsm ojtgno%# antm n` wmghm gocgrihtly uocirdgoi tmi 8uiio joc mir `nrig"o pnlghgis$ :;
3o"ljoc mjc ci`ijtic pjgo go tmi pjogsm rdjcj# aut 3lgzjaitm%s `nhus js 8uiio wjs ont
wgtm i,tiocgo" mir `nrig"o i,plngts$ '` hnursi# tmgs lgo+s will wgtm tmi gcij tmjt jli"m wjs
wrgtgo" j pnlgtghjl pgihi aihjusi mi wjs go`luiohic tn cn sn ay tmi wnrlc jrnuoc mgd$ Birmjps
dnri gdpnrtjotly# mnwi!ir# gt prisiots j oiw pngot/ tmnu"m tmi djgo suaiht n` mgs pgihi gs#
no tmi sur`jhi# pnlgtghjl# gt gs pnssgali tn jr"ui tmjt jli"m io"j"ic wgtm tmi pnlgtghjl hulturi
n` tmi ijrly dnciro pirgnc tmrnu"m j rispnosi tn jo no"ngo" jr"udiot aitwiio tmi twn
"iocirs$
&mrnu"mnut mgs ti,t# jli"m jlsn dj+is hnostjot rijssurjohi n!ir mgs nwo
trustwnrtmgoiss$ Mgs usi n` pmrjsis suhm js/ ” wgll prndgsi tmjt tmisi tmgo"s tmjt `nllnw#
:1 Rjltir jli"m# ”Jmjptir &mrii/ iojgssjohi Ln!i joc 2isgri%$ Smi Cgshnviry n` tmi Idpgri n`
ugjoj! Smi )nrtno Jotmnlnby n` Ioblgsm *gtirjturi (Lnocno/ nrtno# 15:1)# p$ :5;5
:8 Rjltir jli"m# Smi Cgshnviry n` tmi Idpgri n` ugjoj! Smi )nrtno Jotmnlnby n` Ioblgsm *gtirjturi! p$ :5;1
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Lycgj Mjrrgsno (15:9)
wmghm +onw tn ai trui% joc ” jd risnl!ic gt hjoont ai i-ujllic% riprisiot tmgs will* mi
wrgtis tmgs js g` mgs nwo wnrc gs uo-uistgnojali joc tmjt mgs rijssurjohi smnulc ai
hno`grdjtgno tmjt wmjt mi%s wrgtgo" gs iotgrily trutm`ul$:= &mgs# wmio lgo+ic wgtm tmi
j`nridiotgnoic pngot n` jli"m uocirdgogo" tmi 8uiio# prisiots tmi gcij tmjt ay `ljttirgo"
mgs nwo pnsgtgno joc i``ihtg!ily souaago" 3lgzjaitm%s `nrig"o pnlghy# mi gs io"j"go" wgtm tmi
pnlgtghjl hulturi n` tmi pirgnc tmrnu"m dj+go" mgdsil` siid dnri rispihtjali tmjo tmi 8uiio$
s will js tmi pnlgtghjl uocirtnois n` jli"m%s ti,t (tmjt mi wjs usgo" j siidgo"ly
mjrdliss pgihi tn uocirdgoi tmi 8uiio n` 3o"ljoc)# tmiri gs n` hnursi tmi n!irwmildgo"ly
`gttgo" pngot n` suaiht go mgs prnsi$ Smi Cgshnviry n` tmi Idpgri n` ugjoj gs ljr"ily pnlgtghjl
aihjusi gt riprisiots ont noly 8uiio 3lgzjaitm%s ojtgno# aut jlsn j oiw ojtgno/ j oiw
hno-uist# tmjt jli"m mnpic mgs 8uiio wnulc hjpturi$ &mgs `gts gotn tmi jr"udiot diotgnoic
jan!i/ mi wjs ri`lihtgo" no tmi gohricgali tmgo"s mi mjc siio go ugjoj joc hndpjrgo" tmid
tn wmjt mi lg!ic tmrnu"m go 3o"ljoc$ ociic# mi wrgtis/ ”&miri gs on hnuotry wmghm ygilcgtm
dnri plijsuri tn tmi gomjagtjots%# wmghm dijos mi gs io"j"go" go pnlgtghjl hulturi tmrnu"m tmi
suaiht n` mgs ti,t js will js usgo" hli!ir uocirtnois joc pirsujsg!i ljo"uj"i tn gohnrpnrjti
mgs pnlgtghjl !giws gotn mgs wnr+$:9 Mgs gdplghjtgno tmjt mi mjs i,plnric tmi wnrlc joc `nuoc
tmi dnst gohricgali pljhi# ”j hnuotry tmjt mjtm yit mir djgciomijc# oi!ir sjh+ic# turoic# onr
wrnu"mt%# prisiots mgdsil` js jo jc!ioturnus# cjrgo" i,plnrir joc u,tjpnsis 3lgzjaitm%s ruli
go 3o"ljoc$ 'ohi j"jgo# tmgs pngot suppnrts tmi gcij tmjt jli"m wjs antm ri`lihtgo" no `jht
joc jccrissgo" "iocir pnlgtghs$
&mi gcij n` Ijo !s$ Rndjo gs j rinhhurrgo" tmidi tmrnu"mnut tmi pirgnc# joc sn tmi
gcij tmjt wrgtirs wiri sgdply rispnocgo" tn jo jlrijcy pnlgtghjl ti,t hjoont ai n!irlnn+ic$
:3 Rjltir jli"m# Smi Cgshnviry n` tmi Idpgri n` ugjoj! Smi )nrtno Jotmnlnby n` Ioblgsm
*gtirjturi# p$ :5;:
:9 Rjltir jli"m# Smi Cgshnviry n` tmi Idpgri n` ugjoj! Smi )nrtno Jotmnlnby n` Ioblgsm *gtirjturi# p$ :5;:
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8/17/2019 Is literature always political?
9/12
Lycgj Mjrrgsno (15:9)
&mgs hjo ai suppnrtic ay idilgj Ljoyir%s pnid io"j"go" wgtm pnlgtghjl hulturi tn milp tmi
`idjli "iocir aihndi dnri hiliarjtic go jutmnrsmgp$ 'oi n` tmi +iy tmidis go Ivi‗s
Jpnlnby go Ci`iosi n` Rndio# tmjt wndio jri ont hricgtic ionu"m `nr tmigr wnr+ joc tmjt
dio mjc jo jc!jotj"i go lgtirjturi gs# n` hnursi# `jr `rnd uog-ui$ ociic# i!io js rihiotly js
tmi ogoitiiotm hiotury# wndio mj!i `jllio !ghtgd tn j pjtrgjrhmjl snhgity$ &mi hiliarjtic
KrnotU sgstirs mjc tmigr ann+s Fjoi Iyri! Rutmirgob (igbmts joc Jbois riy pualgsmic uocir
psiucnoyds aihjusi tmiy wiri wijry tmjt aigo" wndio wnulc go!gti dnri cg``ghulty go
mj!go" tmigr ti,ts pualgsmic/
”!irsi tn pirsnojl pualghgty# wi !iglic nur nwo ojdisC wi cgc ont lg+i tn cihljri
nursil!is wndio# aihjusiC wi mjc j !j"ui gdprissgno tmjt jutmnrissis jri lgjali tn
ai lnn+ic no wgtm priucghi%$:4
?rnd tmgs# jo gdpnrtjot pngot go joswirgo" tmi -uistgno n` mnw ijrly dnciro ti,ts io"j"i go
pnlgtghjl hulturi gs prisiotic tn us$ ` j wrgtir gs rispnocgo" tn jo no"ngo" pnlgtghjl jr"udiot#
tmio tmigr wnr+ gs jutndjtghjlly riociric pnlgtghjl jlsn$
&n hnohluci# gt dust ai tj+io gotn jhhnuot tmjt tmiri gs j ditjpmnrghjl udarillj go
uocirstjocgo" ijrly dnciro ti,ts io"j"i go pnlgtghjl hulturi$ &mjt gs tn sjy tmjt tmi rihurrgo"
tmidi n` pgttgo" tmi djli joc `idjli "iocirs j"jgost ijhm ntmir gs j arnjc wjy n` i,pljgogo"
mnw jutmnrs io"j"ic wgtm pnlgtghjl hulturi/ antm pnids joc jli"m%s prnsi jri rispnocgo" tn
jo no"ngo" jr"udiot n` i-ujlgty aitwiio tmi si,is$ Mnwi!ir# go dnri spihg`gh tirds# ijhm
jutmnr idplnys cg``iriot tihmog-uis tn cn tmgs$ t gs tmi dissj"i n` `idgogsd `rnd Ljoyir%s
Ivi‗s Jpnlnby go Ci`iosi n` Rndio tmjt stjplis mir ti,t wgtm tmi arnjcir tmidi# wmirijs gt gs
3lgzjaitm %s usi n` ljo"uj"i joc gdj"iry go mir pnid tmjt puts cnwo jli"m joc tmiri`nri
:0 3dgly KrnotU# ”Kgn"rjpmghjl ntghi n` 3llgs joc htno Kill%# Rutmirgob (igbmts! ic$ ay JmjrlnttiKrnotU (R$ R$ nrtno Z Jndpjoy# :D=7)# p$ :
7
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8/17/2019 Is literature always political?
10/12
Lycgj Mjrrgsno (15:9)
lgo+s gotn tmi wgcir jr"udiot$ jli"m%s ti,t lgo+s gotn tmgs jr"udiot# tnn# tmrnu"m hli!ir usi
n` `jht joc ri`lihtgno* mi usis tmi `jht tmjt 3lgzjaitm%s `nrig"o pnlghy mjc jhmgi!ic lgttli tn
argo" mir cnwo `rnd mir cg!goi stjtus joc tmiri`nri rij``grd tmi djli "iocir%s stjtus js dnri
hli!ir joc jc!ioturnus$ Mnwi!ir# tmi gdpnrtjohi n` tmi jutmnrs% ri`lihtgno no tmi wnrlc
jrnuoc tmid hjoont ai n!irlnn+ic$ Ljoyir# 8uiio 3lgzjaitm joc jli"m jll io"j"i wgtm
pnlgtghjl hulturi tmrnu"m wmjt wjs gdpnrtjot tn tmid jt tmi tgdi/ Ljoyir joc tmi rihn"ogtgno
n` tmi `idjli si,# 3lgzjaitm joc tmi cgsgoti"rjtgo" riljtgnosmgp aitwiio mirsil` joc Rjltir
jli"m# joc jli"m%s cgshnotiot wgtm 3o"ljoc%s `nrig"o hno-uists$ '!irjll# tmiri gs j wia n`
ljo"uj"i# suaiht# hnoti,t joc jutmnrsmgp tmjt dj+i `nr j dnri tmnrnu"m joc hljrg`gic joswir
tn mnw ijrly dnciro ti,ts jhtujlly io"j"i wgtm pnlgtghjl hulturi/ gt gs# js prisiotic
tmrnu"mnut# dnstly tmrnu"m "iocir pnlgtghs$
Rnrc Hnuot6 17=5
:5
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8/17/2019 Is literature always political?
11/12
Lycgj Mjrrgsno (15:9)
Agalgnbrjpmy
Brgdjry snurhis
Ljoyir# idilgj# ”Jmjptir ?nur/ &mi 3jrly i!iotiiotm Jiotury% ! Ivi‗s Jpnlnby go Ci`iosi
n` Rndio go Smi )nrtno Jotmnlnby n` Ioblgsm *gtirjturi (Lnocno/ nrtno# 15:1)# pp$ :;=:
:4=7$
jli"m# Rjltir# ”Jmjptir &mrii/ iojgssjohi Ln!i joc 2isgri%# Smi Cgshnviry n` tmi Idpgri
n` ugjoj go Smi )nrtno Jotmnlnby n` Ioblgsm *gtirjturi (Lnocno/ nrtno# 15:1)# pp$ :555
:;=5$
&ucnr# 3lgzjaitm# ”Jmjptir &wn/ Rndio go Bnwir%# ” Jm! Xglly "ub! Rirt Smnu sn Xnri J`rjgc‗
go Smi )nrtno Jotmnlnby n` Ioblgsm *gtirjturi (Lnocno/ nrtno# 15:1)# pp$ 71: 749$
ihnocjry snurhis
KrnotU# 3dgly# ”Kgn"rjpmghjl ntghi n` 3llgs joc htno Kill%# Rutmirgob (igbmts! ic$ ay
Jmjrlntti KrnotU (R$ R$ nrtno Z Jndpjoy# :D=7)# pp$ : :=$
Jljr+i# 2jogilli# ”Jmjptir &wn/ &mi iojgssjohi 2iajti anut Rndio%# Smi "nlgtghs n`
Ijrly ,nciro Rndio‗s Rrgtgob (Mjrlnw/ Bijrsno# 155:) pp$ =6 76$
Jnhmrjoi# 3rgh# ”&mi 3oc n` tmi iojgssjohi go ?lnriohi%# $g%lgntm&'ui c‗(udjogsdi it Qiojgssjohi# @nl$ : (:649)# pp$ 7 16$
iognr# 'lg!ir# ”Lgtirjturi gs pnlgtghjl aihjusi wi jri pnlgtghjl jogdjls%# Smi ujrcgjo# 16
(15:;)
uddgt# Fioog`ir# ”O&mi rti j`j Ljcgis BiooiN/ 3lgzjaitm joc tmi Bnitghs 8uiiosmgp#
Ioblgsm *gtirjry Qiojgssjohi! 14/; (:664)# pp$ ;69 =11$
'rlgo# Lioj Jnwio# ”&mi ?ghtgnojl ?jdglgis n` 3lgzjaitm %# "nlgtghjl Qmitnrgh! "n+ir! joc
Qiojgssjohi Rndio! ic$ ay Jjrnli Li!go joc Bjtrghgj $ ullg!jo (:669)# pp$ D9 ::1$
::
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12/12
Lycgj Mjrrgsno (15:9)
Rjll# Riocy# ”Jmjptir 'oi/ &urogo" nooit/ &mi Bnlgtghs joc Bnitghs n` nooit Jgrhuljtgno%#
Smi #dprgot n` iocir (iw Gnr+/ Jnroill 0og!irsgty Briss# :66;)# pp$ 1; :47$
Rjll# Riocy# ”Jmjptir ?g!i/ 2johgo" o j it/ &mi Brnalids n` ?idjli utmnrsmgp%# Smi
#dprgot n` iocir (iw Gnr+/ Jnroill 0og!irsgty Briss# :66;)# pp$ 176 ;=5$
(1556) mttp/jhhissic 7$5:$15:9)
:1