Is it possible for one person to create change/reform? why or why not?

What fuels change? Political, economic, religious, social, artistic, or intellectual

Journal #6

The Reformation

The Renaissance values of humanism and secularism led people to question the church

The printing press helped to spread ideas critical of the Church

Social

Powerful monarchs challenged the Church as the supreme power in Europe

Many leaders viewed the pope as a foreign ruler and challenged his authority

Political

European princes and kings were jealous of the Church’s wealth

Merchants and others resented having to pay taxes to the church

Economic

Some church leaders had become wordily and corrupt

Many people found church practices such as the sale of indulgences unacceptable

Religious

Issued by the Church to reduce or even cancel punishment for a person’s sin

as long as one also truly repented.

Purchased as assurance of admission to heaven, relief from future guilt or for the salvation of dead relatives.

Indulgences

Person commits a sin

Person seeks forgiveness for sin and does some type of good deed as an external display of sincerity (penance)

Sins that have not been properly repented can lead to more time in purgatory

Purchasing an indulgence released a sinner from performing the penance that a priest imposed for sin

John Wycliffe (1328-1384)England, Oxford TheologianClaims:

No basis in scripture to support papal authority

Bible as the sole authorityRejected all practices not in scripture

(pilgrimage, veneration of saints, sacraments)

Early Reformers

Jan Hus (1374-1415)Bohemia (Czech)Chancellor of the University of Prague

Attacked corrupt clergy and power of the pope

Gained some political supportCalled to the Council of Constance to

discuss ideasArrested and burned at the stake for heresy

Early Reformers

Martin Luther

In 1505, returning to university from a trip home, Luther gets caught in a thunderstorm

Lightening Strikes the ground near Luther and he cries out

"Help me, St. Anne!”"I will become a monk!"

A Law Student Caught in a Thunderstorm

The Popes Patronized the artsSpent on personal pleasureFought wars Too busy pursuing wordily affairs

rather than spiritual duties

Criticism of the Catholic Church

People were expecting certain behaviors form church officials

1. John Wycliffe2. Jan Hus3. Thomas More4. Desiderius Erasmus 5. Martin Luther

Calls for Reform

Took a public stand against a friar, Johann Tetzel.

Formal statement attacking “pardon-merchants”

His words were printed and started to spread over Germany

Many believe this is what started the Reformation

The 95 Theses

People could only win salvation by faithChurch said that faith and good works

were neededChurch teachings should be clearly

connected to the BibleLuther said Pope was a false authority

All people with faith were equalDid not need priests to interpret for

them

Luther’s Three Main Ideas

Many saw Luther’s protest as a way to challenge the church.

Luther was threatened with excommunication

Holy Roman Emperor also opposed Luther Brought to trial, refused to recant his statements

Luther declared an outlaw and heretic No one could give Luther food or shelterAll his books were to be burned Prince Frederick the Wise of Saxony

disobeyedGave Luther shelter Translated the New Testament into German

Instead of continuing to seek reform, Luther and followers became a separate religious group… Lutherans

Edict of Worms

Christian Freedom - wanted an end to serfdom

Raided monasteries Pillaging and burning Made Luther angry

German princes crushed the revoltKilling 100,000 people

Peasants felt betrayed and rejected Luther

Peasant Revolt

Conflicting ideas in GermanySome shared Luther’s beliefLiked the ideas for selfish reasons

Good excuse to seize church property and gain independence from Charles V

Loyal to the Pope and against LutherSupport Luther and signed protest

Protestants Non Catholic Churches

Your table group will be assigned a religion from the Reformation time period.

You may work together, but everyone must create their own brochure

Use the textbooks and ipads to help gather information

You will be sharing these with your peers in class on Thursday.

Religion Brochures

LUTHER

Group talk:

1. Is it possible for one person to create change/reform? why or why not?

2. What is the most effective way to create change? What tools are necessary? Explain.

3. What fuels change? 1. Political, economic, religious, social, artistic,

or intellectual4. Is technology necessary for social

change? Explain what role it plays.

**In your groups please discuss the following questions. It may be helpful to write down a few notes as we will be discussing this as a whole class.

Charles V (Catholic) went to war against the Protestant Princes

Won the war, but could not convert them back to Catholicism

All rulers agreed that each ruler would decide the religion of his state

Peace of Augsburg

Started in England at the end of the 100 Years War – basically 35 years of English Civil War

Two Houses, York and Lancaster, fought (Red Rose Lancaster, White Rose York)

Begins when Henry IV (Bolingbroke) overthrows Richard II

Later Richard III kills everyone including his two nephews to become king….

…Only to lose it to Henry Tudor (Henry VII) at the Battle of Bosworth field

War of the Roses

Henry VII marries Elizabeth of York to unite the two families and end of the War of the Roses

He his a good king, keeps England out of war (save taking out Ireland) and builds up the state’s treasury, paying back debt and then amassing wealth

He has a charming son named Henry VIII

Early Tudors

At first, Henry is against the protestant movement

Befriends the pope until there is a problem with his succession

Henry wanted a male heir, but his only surviving child was a girl (Mary Tudor)

Henry asks the pope for an annulment, but the pope refusesDivorce was not permitted in the

Catholic ChurchPope had ties with Catherine’s

cousin, Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor

Henry VIII

Henry turns against the pope and passes the Act of Supremacy (approved by parliament)

The Act made everyone swear an oath recognizing Henry’s divorce and accepting him, not the pope, as the head of the English Church.

Thomas More refused to take the oath and was eventually executed

Act of Supremacy (1534)

At first Henry changed very little, but eventually these changes took placeThe Bible was written in English, services were

in English.Monasteries are looted and destroyedThe Church lost a lot of its sacraments.The Church became very plain yet formal.Prayers to saints were bannedPuritans formed

Changes in the Church of England

Board talk:

Is it possible for one person to create change/reform? why or why not?

What is the most effective way to create change? What tools are necessary? Explain.

What fuels change? Political, economic, religious, social, artistic, or

intellectualIs technology necessary for social

change? Explain what role it plays.