Is fast food addictive?

Robert H. Lustig, M.D., M.S.L.Division of EndocrinologyDepartment of PediatricsUniversity of California, San Francisco

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04/15/23 RiverMend Health, LLC 3Cota et al. Neuron 51:678, 2006

LepR

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PET [11C]raclopride

High

Low

Bonnet macaquesHuman

Autoradiography

[3H]spiperone

BMI = 42BMI = 50 Weight = 650 g

BMI = 23BMI = 23 Weight = 400 g

Zucker rat2

1Wang et al. J Nucl Med. 49(Suppl 1):208P, 2008; 2Thanos et al. Synapse. 62:50, 2008

Indirect effects on the reward system:

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Mark et al. Acta Physiol Scand 177:345, 2003

Stimulates Glut4 mRNA and protein

Stimulates Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase

Stimulates Fatty Acid Synthase

Stimulates Lipoprotein Lipase

Hypothalamic actions inhibits lipolysis by suppressing SNS tone and Hormone-Sensitive Lipase

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Scherer et al. Cell Metab doi10.1016/j.cmet.2011.01.008

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04/15/23 RiverMend Health, LLC 10Velasquez-Mieyer et al. Int J Obesity 27:216, 2003

04/15/23 RiverMend Health, LLC 11Velasquez-Mieyer et al. Int J Obesity 27:216, 2003

0.00

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04/15/23 RiverMend Health, LLC 13Mietus-Snyder and Lustig, Ann Rev Med 59:147, 2008

Caffeine

Caffeine

Direct effects on the reward system:

Is sugar (fructose) addictive?

Garber and Lustig, Curr Drug Abuse Rev 4:190, 2011

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Sweet-Ease increases endogenous opioids to reduce pain,Even in neonates

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UCSF Weight Assessment for Teen and Child Health (WATCH)Andrea Garber, Ph.D., R.D.Patrika Tsai, M.D., M.P.H.Stephanie Nguyen, M.D. M.A.S.Emily Perito, M.D.Jung Sub Lim, M.D., Ph.D.

Touro University Dept. of BiochemistryJean-Marc Schwarz, Ph.D.

San Francisco General Hospital Depts. of Medicine and RadiologySanjay Basu, M.D., Ph.D.Susan Noworolski, Ph.D.Kathleen Mulligan, Ph.D.

UC Berkeley Dept. of Nutritional Sciences and Integrative BiologyPat Crawford, R.D., Ph.D.Paula Yoffe, B.S.

St. Jude Children’s Research HospitalTom Merchant, D.O., Ph.D.Melissa Hudson, M.D.Pam Hinds, R.N., Ph.D.Pedro Velasquez-Mieyer, M.D.

University of Florida Dept. of PsychologyNicole Avena, Ph.D.

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