Is a hostility or the prejudice against Jews, leading to persecution.In Europe a hatred of Jews started thousand of years before a holocaust. Jews endured pogroms and exile.

Antisemitism

Pogrom in the Tsarist Russia

Poland was one of the most torelant country in medival europe, multi religous and cultural Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth was for persecuted Jews perfect home. Before the secend world war they accounted 10% of polish population or 3,5 milion people. After the war there were less than 10 thousand.

Jews on the Polish land

Creation of the Nazi party.

In 1919 a National Socialist German Workers' Party was created as a local Bavarian party of nationalist ideology.

Adolf Hitler becomes its leader and undertakes the absolute power in Germany from 1933 until 1945. The party program emphasized the need to introduce a strong authority and discipline in the society. The NSDAP was strongly associated with two paramilitary organizations: SA and SS.

NSDAP and its subordinate organizations, controlled all aspects of life in Germany - social, political and military.

Hitler's rise to power

- Struggle with the dictates of Versailles,

- Extermination of Jews and Gypsies,

- The German nation was to be a nation of lords,

- Need to gain living space for Germans

- Liquidation of communism

The main points of the Nazi program

On 30 January, 1933 Adolf Hitler became the Chancellor of Germany.That day was the beginning of big changes of German state humiliated by the Treaty of Versailles and affected by the economic crisis. Society disappointed by many reforms that didn’t give measurable results, was ready for the adoption of attractive programs offered by the parties: Nazi (NSDAP) and Communist (KPD).

Hitler in his own political program presented desire for liberation of foreign dependence. He also promoted the fight against all international groups, in particular Jewish and socialist. He announced the establishment of better living conditions by increasing the living space. As a result of the crisis in 1920s, Hitler's rise to power has become real.

Big changes for Germany

From 1938 until June 1941, the Nazis set out to get rid of the Jews in Germany and its occupied

territories. When they were unable to expel most of the Jews, they forced them into ghettos pending

other solutions.

Finally decision

Most Jewish ghettos had been created in order to confine and segregate Poland's Jewish population and for the

purpose of persecution, terror, and exploitation.

In smaller towns, ghettos often served as staging points for Jewish slave-labor and mass deportation actions, while in the

urban centers they resembled walled-off prison-islands described by some historians as little more than instruments

of "slow, passive murder„

with dead bodies litteringthe streets.

In Poland was founded about 400 ghettos.

GHETTOS

was the biggest ghetto during WW II. It was established in Polish capital city by the Nazi German with over 400,000 Jews on just 3km square. Almost all of them died in KL Treblinka and in the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising - the largest single revolt by Jews during World War II.

Warsaw Ghetto

Deportation to ghetto

Conditions in ghettos

Works in ghettos

execution

Monument to the Heroes of the

Ghetto

After the invasion of the Soviet Union, in

1941 the Nazi government turned the

plan to exterminate European Jews.

Heinrich Himmler was the chief architect of the plan, which came to be called „the Final Solution to the Jewish Problem”. Carry out the operation was entrusted to SS.

Adolf Hitler was the lider of the Third

Reich. Regarded as the founder of one of the most murderous regime known to the world as Nazism. He was responsible for

death of approximately 10

milion people.

Heinrih Himmler

Was one of the main leaders of Nazi Germany, co-

founder and Chief of: SS (since 1929), the Gestapo (since 1934), the police

(from 1936) and Minister of the Interior of the Third

Reich (from 1943). He also contributed in the

establishment of the camp in Auschwitz.

Rudolf HößWas the commandant of KL Auschwitz. He was personally responsible for genocide that took place within the camp. He had optimized mass killing techniques to make Auschwitz the most deadly nazi concentration camp. In 1947 he was sentenced to death by hanging. The execution took place in ex concentration camp, next to his property, and gas chamber.

was the genocide of about six million

Jews during World War II, led by

Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party, throughout the

German Reich and German-occupied

territories.

THE HOLOCAUST(also known as Shoah)

Politics of mass destruction was unleashed by the Nazis in mid-1941. It lasted about 40

months.The event was preceded by the action of T4, including the extermination of the mentally ill, during which

they have developed technology to mass murder.

CONCENTRATION AND EXTERMINATION

CAMPSConcentration camp – the detention place of a large number of people considered to be uncomfortable for the authorities; slave labor camp

Extermination camp - closed camp, in which mass murder was carried by usage of industrial methods

In some cases the death camps were also a concentration camps.

The biggest Nazi extermination camp was a subcamp of the concentration camp Auschwitz-Birkenau : Birkenau, other camps were Treblinka, Sobibor, Belzec, Kulmhof, and to a lesser extent, Majdanek.

AUSCHWITZ-BIRKENAU

Auschwitz existed in 1940-1945. Its first prisoners were Poles. Since 1942, the largest

group that was heading to Auschwitz became the Jews. They also were the largest group of

victims. Poles, Gypsy and Soviet prisoners of war became a large group of prisoners as well.

MARKING

Marking the prisoners with triangles (the

"winkli"), derived from the concentration

camps that existed in Germany before the war. In Auschwitz, it was introduced in 1940, with some

modifications, and against certain groups of prisoners it was not

used at all for some time.

Auschwitz I:

The complex of buildings

crematorium

Wall of death at which there were executions by shooting

Victims

Immediately after the war, based on the report of rittmeister Pilecki. It was said that about even 5 milion person were killed in Auschwichtz, but today majority of historian agress that there were less than 1.5 milion. They were mostly Hungarian and Polish Jews, also Poles, Gypsies and Jews from diffrent country.

Weekly more than a thousand prisoners were being killed.

Most of them were killed in gas chambers immediately after arrival.

Zyklon B that was used in gas chambers.

Auschwitz II (Birkenau):

The gate („one-way ticket”)

In Auschwitz III company knowsn as I.G. Farbenindustrie was using prisoners as forced labors. Similiar practics were happening in most of the Germans concentration-camps. After the war company was closed, and divided to four smaller, Agfa, BASF, Bayer i Hoechst AG. Only 13 people from that company were brought to justice, and in result they spend few years in prison. Company in result paid few milions of marks to those who were touched by their proceder.

Auschwitz III:

Auschwitz in time became the largest concentration

campcreated by the Third Reich.

Life in the campAt the beginning there were no beds or other furniture in chambers. Prisoners slept on mattresses on the floor. Chambers were so crowded that everyone could sleep, but only on one side because of the lack of space. Chambers were heated by coal. In the first months the water was derived from wells, and the prisoners relievedthemselves in the latrine.

Prisoners received three meals a day.

In the morning they were given only a half liter of "coffee", but it

was rather boiled water with grain coffee substitute, "tea," or herbs.

These fluids were usually not sweet. A lunch consisted of about 1 liter of soup, the basic ingredients

were potatoes, turnips, small amount of millet, rye flour, and food

extract called "Avo". For dinner, there was about 300 grams of black

bread with about 25 grams of sausage or a tablespoon of margarine, jam or cheese.

The stale bread was also consumed in the morning, but usually starving prisoners ate the whole portion at

once.Not enough food and hard work at the same time contributed of the destruction of the body. This led

ultimately to the extreme emaciation and starvation, which

resulted in a significant number of deaths in the camp.

Work in Auschwitz

Medical experiments

A particularly dramatic example of the misuse of

medical ethics is a number of German doctors that were

involved in criminal experiments carried out on prisoners in concentration

camps.The initiators and organizers

of those experiences were Reichsführer SS Heinrich

Himmler, together with Ernst Grawitz, Wolfram Sievers and Josef Mengele (on the photo).