Disclosure to Promote the Right To Information

Whereas the Parliament of India has set out to provide a practical regime of right to information for citizens to secure access to information under the control of public authorities, in order to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority, and whereas the attached publication of the Bureau of Indian Standards is of particular interest to the public, particularly disadvantaged communities and those engaged in the pursuit of education and knowledge, the attached public safety standard is made available to promote the timely dissemination of this information in an accurate manner to the public.

इंटरनेट मानक

“!ान $ एक न' भारत का +नम-ण”Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda

“Invent a New India Using Knowledge”

“प0रा1 को छोड न' 5 तरफ”Jawaharlal Nehru

“Step Out From the Old to the New”

“जान1 का अ+धकार, जी1 का अ+धकार”Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan

“The Right to Information, The Right to Live”

“!ान एक ऐसा खजाना > जो कभी च0राया नहB जा सकता है”Bhartṛhari—Nītiśatakam

“Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen”

“Invent a New India Using Knowledge”

है”ह”ह

IS 9279 (1979): Code of safety for aluminum phosphide [CHD8: Occupational Safety, Health and Chemical Hazards]

IS : 9279 - 1979

Indian Standard CODE OF SAFETY FOR

ALUMINIUM PHOSPHIDE

UDC 614.878 : 661.862.451 : 006.76

© Copyright 1980

I N D I A N S T A N D A R D S I N S T I T U T I O N MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG

NEW DELHI 110002

October 1980

AMENDMENT NO. 1 DECEMBER 1981 TO

IS:9279-1979 CODE OF SAFETY FOR ALUMINIUM PHOSPHIDE

Corrigenda

(Page 3, clause 0.2, line 1) - Substitute ' in the form of t a b l e t s / p e l l e t s ' for ' s p e c i a l l y in the form of t a b l e t s ' .

(Page 3, clause 0.3, line 1) - Substi tute 'phosphide' for ' p h o s p h i t e ' .

(Page 4, clause 3.2):

a) Line 2 - Subs t i t u t e ' p e l l e t s / t a b l e t s ' for ' small p e l l e t s o r t a b l e t s ' .

b) Line 3 - Subs t i t u t e ' IS:6438-1980*' for ' IS :6438-1972 ‡ ' .

A l t e r a t i o n

(Page 6, clause 5.3, CAUTION) - Substi tute the following for the e x i s t i n g mat te r :

'ALUMINIUM PHOSPHIDE AND ITS FUMES ARE HIGHLY TOXIC. ALWAYS OPEN THE CONTAINER IN OPEN AIR. DO NOT OPEN THE CONTAINER WITH ANY SHARP METALLIC DEVICE, AS DUE TO FRI­CTION, THE CONTENTS MAY CATCH FIRE. DO NOT INHALE FUMES OR DUST. WEAR PROTECTIVE CLOTHING AND RESPIRATOR DURING USE, KEEP THE MATERIAL AWAY FROM CHILDREN AND DOMESTIC ANIMALS. DESTROY EMPTY CONTAINERS. IN CASE OF SIGNS OF POISONING, TAKE THE PATIENT IN OPEN AIR AND CALL A PHYSICIAN.'

(CDC 18)

Reprography Uni t , I S I , New Delh i , India

IS : 9279 - 1979

Indian Standard CODE OF SAFETY FOR

ALUMINIUM PHOSPHIDE

Chemical Hazards

Chairman SHRI S C K A L E

Members DR V. P G U P T A ( Alternate to

Shri S. C Kale ) SHRI K. D AMRF

Sectional Committee; CDC 18

Representing Directorate Geneial, Factory Advice Service &

Labour Institutes ( Ministry of Labour ), Bambay

Nat iona l Organ ic Chemical Indust r ies Ltd , Bombay

SHRI M C PATWARDHAN ( Alternate ) S H R I C N, CHANDRASEKHARAN

DR D CHOUDHURY

SHRI D K. SIRKAR ( Alternate ) S H R I M . D A N D

SHRI D L. VYAS ( Alternate ) DEPUTY DIRECTOR ( CHEM ),

RESEARCH, DESIGNS AND S T A N D A R D S O R G A N I Z A T I O N , LUCKNOW

DR S. S. GOTHOSKAR

SHRI R BALASUBRAMANYAN ( Alternate)

SHRI C. HINGARH SHRI J. J. ADIHA ( Alternate )

DR V R B. M A T H U R

SHRI I N. M U R T Y

Directorate Geneial Ordnance Factories ( Ministry of Defence ), Calcutta

Indian Chemical Manufacturers' Association, Calcutta

Indian Petrochemicals Corporation Ltd, Baroda

Railwav Board ( Ministry of Railways )

Directorate General of Health Services, New Delhi

Centura Rayon, Kalyan

Directorate General of Technical Development, New Delhi

Contiollerate of Explosives, Nagpur SHRI CHARANJIT LAL ( Alternate )

SHRI O. P NANGIA SHRI A G SESHAS ( Alternate )

DR D J PARIKH

DR K. NARAYANA RAO DR S B. R A Y

M A J B S, YADAV ( Alternate )

Hindustan Organic Chemicals Ltd, Rasayani

National Institute of Occupational Health, Ahmadabad

Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Bombay Ministry of Defence ( DGI )

( Continued on page 2 )

© Copyright 1980 INDIAN STANDARDS INSTITUTION

This publication is protected under the Indian Copyright Ait ( X I V of 1957 ) and reproduction in whole or in part by any means except with written permission of the publisher shall be deemed to be an infringement of copyright under the said Act.

IS : 9279 - 1979

( Continued from page 1 ) Members

REPRESENTATIVE SHRI N RAGHAVAN ( Alternate )

S H R I S C R O Y B A R D H A N DR K V S E S H A D R I ( Alternate )

DR G M S A X E N A , Director ( C h e m )

Representing National Safety Council, Bombay

I n d i a n Explosives L td , Ca l cu t t a

Director General, ISI ( Ex-officio Member )

Secretaries S H R I G P S A R A S W A T

D e p u t y Director ( Chem ) , ISI S H R I S R A V I S H A N K A R

Assistant Director ( Chem ), ISI

I n d u s t r i a l C h e m i c a l H a z a r d s S u b c o m m i t t e e , C D C 18 : 4

Convener SHRI S C K A L E

Members DR V P. G U P T A ( Alternate to

Shri S C Kali. ) SHRI G R BALASUBRAMANIAN DR D. CHOUDHURY DR S R CHOWDHURY

D E P U T Y DIRECTOR ( CHEM ), RESEARCH, DESIGNS AND S T A N D A R D S O R G A N I Z A T I O N , L U C K N O W

SHRI P V KANGO

Directorate General, Factory Advice Service & Labour Institutes ( Ministry of Labour) , Bombay

Bhabha Atoimc Research Cen t re , Bombay Union Carbide Ind i a Ltd , Ca lcu t t a All I nd i a Ins t i tu t e of H y g i e n e & Publ ic H e a l t h ,

Calcut ta R a i l w a y Board ( Ministry of Ra i lways )

I n d i a n Chemica l Manufac tu r e r s ' Associat ion, Ca lcu t t a

DR P V S U B R A M A N I A M ( Alternate ) SHRI D P K A N I T K A R

S H R I H R V E S K A T A R A M A I A H ( Alternate )

DR C R K R I S H N A M U R T I

H i n d u s t a n Organ i c Chemicals L td , Rasavani

Indus t r i a l Toxicology Research Cent re ( C S I R ), Lucknow

DR P N V I S W A N A T H A N ( Alternate ) SHRI I N M U R T Y

SHRI C H A R A N J I T LAL ( Alternate ) DR V M I NAMBISSAN

SHRI K N A N D KUMAR SHRI G HINCARH ( Alternate )

S H R I P K. PANDIT

SHRI S S M U D R I ( Alternate ) DR D J. PARIKH

SHRI K D P U R I DR K K. G U P T A ( Alternate )

Control lerate of Explosives, N a g p u r

Direc tora te Genera l O r d n a n c e Factories ( Minis t ry of Defence ), Calcut ta

Association of M a n - m a d e Fibres, Bombay

Nat iona l Env i ronmen ta l Engineer ing Research Ins t i tu te ( C S I R ) , N a g p u r

Na t iona l Ins t i tu te of Occupa t iona l Hea l th , A h m a d a b a d

D C M Chemica l Works, New Delh i

( Continued on page 9 )

2

IS : 9279 - 1979

Indian Standard CODE OF SAFETY FOR

ALUMINIUM PHOSPHIDE

0. F O R E W O R D

0.1 This Indian Standard was adopted by the Indian Standards Insti tution on 26 October 1979, after the draft finalized by the Chemical Hazards Sectional Commit tee had been approved by the Chemical Division Council

0.2 Aluminium phosphide formulations specially in the form of tablets are widely used to generate phosphine, a fumigant gas, for the control of various types of pests like stored product insects, field rodents , snakes, crabs, etc Therefore, detailed knowledge about its toxicity and hazards would be useful in ensuring safety in the use of this hazardous chemical.

0.3 Aluminium phosphite is included in the Schedule of Approved Insecticides under the Insecticides Act, 1968.

0.4 In the prepara t ion of this s tandard , assistance has been d rawn horn the following publications.

a) M O N R O (HAU) F A O Agricul ture Studies No. 79 M a n u a l of Fumigat ion for insect Control 1969 Ed 2. Food and Agricultural Organizat ion.

b) Toxic and Hazardous industrial chemicais safety manua l . 1976, T h e Internat ional Technical Information Inst i tute, Tokyo .

c) THOMSON (WT) . Agricul tural Chemicals, Book I I I — Fumigants , growth regulators, repellents and rodenticides. 1976-77. Thomson Publ icat ions , California, USA

1. SCOPE

1.1 This code describes properties of a luminium phosphide; na ture of hazards associated with it; safety measures for controlling hazards; and essential information on symptoms of poisoning, first-aid, medical t reatment , storage, handl ing, labelling and employee safety.

1.2 Th i s code does not, however, deal with specifications for design of buildings, chemical engineering plants , methods and ingredients used in

3

IS : 9279 - 1979

manufacture, dosages and exposure periods or directions for its use in fumigation.

2. TERMINOLOGY

2.1 For the purpose of this standard, the definitions given in IS : 4155-1966* and IS : 4167-1966† shall apply.

3. GENERAL DESCRIPTION AND PROPERTIES OF ALUMINIUM PHOSPHIDE

3.1 Description — Aluminium phosphide is available in the form of small pellets or tablets containing aluminium phosphide and other inert ingredients ( see IS : 6438-1972‡ ). The pellets/tablets release about 33 percent by mass of phosphine gas, on contact with atmospheric moisture or acids

3.2 Properties of Phosphine Gas

a) Chemical formula PH3

b) Boiling point -87 .4°C c) Odour Carbide or garlic like d) Toxicity to mammals.

1) Acute inhalation 28 ppm/5h LC50 ( rat )

2) Recommended maximum exposures § believed safe for human subjects are as follows:

—Single exposures, not more than once a week for 7 hours 1 ppm 1 hour 25 ppm

0.1 hour 50 ppm —Repeated exposures, 0.3 ppm or 0.4 mg/m3

8 hours/day, 5 days/ week (Threshold Limit Value, AGGIH, 1979 )

3) No chronic toxicity to man has been observed for phosphine. e) Explosion point, lowest 1.79 percent by volume in air.

*Glossary of terms relating to chemical and radiation hazards and hazardous chemicals.

†tGlossary of terms relating to air pollution. ‡Specification for aluminium phosphide tablet formulation. §These values of TL have also been recommended by American Conference of

Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 1977

4

IS : 9279 - 1979

4 . N A T U R E OF HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH A L U M I N I U M P H O S P H I D E

4.1 Fire H a z a r d — On contact with moisture of acids, a luminium phosphide preparations rapidly liberate phosphine gas which is flammable

NOTE — Flammability of phosphine gas appeals to be due to traces of diphosphine (P2H4), formation of which is controlled during manufacture by adding fire retardants

4.2 H e a t H a z a r d — When exposed to fire, alummium phosphide emits highly toxic fumes of phosphorous oxides, which react with water or steam to produce further toxic and flammable vapours

4.3 H e a l t h H a z a r d — Aluminium phosphide can lead to poisoning either on inhalation of phosphine gas liberated from it or on swallowing.

4.3.1 Symptoms of poisoning as a result of inhaling liberated phosphine are as follows:

a) Slight or mild poisoning — Feeling of fatigue, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, buzzing in the ears, pressing sensation in the chest, intestinal pain and diarrhoea Ashen complexion is typical.

b) Medium to severe poisoning — Previous symptoms may be followed by dry cough, dyspnoea, intense thirst, excessive perspiration, pain in the limbs, ataxia, anur ia , convulsions and rapid onset of stupor.

4.3.1.1 Signs of poisoning by inhalation include dilated pupils, haemoglobmuria, albuminuria, anaemia, jaundice and thrombocytopaenia.

4.3.2 In the case of swallowing, aluminium phosphide decomposes by the action of gastric at id in the stomach and severe symptoms of poisoning quickly appear, heavy vomiting is followed by unconsciousness.

5. STORAGE, HANDLING A N D LABELLING

5.1 Storage

5.1.1 In Production/Formulation Plants — Always store aluminium phosphide preparations in plainly labelled metal drums in separate closed, dry, well-lit rooms of sufficient dimensions to avoid significant contami­nat ion with phosphine gas and far away from rooms/premises used for storing other articles, especially food articles. Keep away from moisture and flame Storage areas should have adequate suction facilities ( for example, blowers, etc ), so that good air circulation is maintained. All storage vessels should have safety valves so as to release pressure in case of excess phosphine generation.

5

IS : 9279 - 1979

5.1.2 Storage During Transport — Always store aluminium phosphide preparations in airtight (leakproof) containers [ see IS . 8190 ( Part IV )*].

5.2 Handl ing —Always observe the following safety measures while handling aluminium phosphide preparations

5.2.1 In Manufacturing Plant

a) Wear gloves, gas mask with fresh an supply apparatus b) Do not inhale fumes or dust c) Smoking. drinking of eating in the plant should be strictly

prohibited d) Odour of phosphine should never be ??? upon as an indication

of its poisonous concentration. It would be advisable to monitor it from time to time

e) E m p l o y e s in plant should wash bathe on leaving work and they should be educated about hazards of aluminium phosphide phosphinc

5.2.2 In Fumigation Hork

a) Wear rubber gloves while d ispos ing tablets by hand. b) Respirators need not be worn when tablets are being dispersed

under conditions where operators breathe concentrations of phosphine gas below threshold limit value of 0 3 ppm.

c) Warning notices should be posted near the fumigation arcas to prevent exposure of employees public to the gas

d) All copper containing equipment and parts in the godown or other structures should be protected before fumigation starts, by covering and pasting them with wax paper

e) Novel fumigate any commodity except under expert supervision in air tight leak-proof covers, bins and other storage structures.

f) Always thoroughly aerate fumigated area for prescribed time interval, before processing fumigated commodity

5.3 Label l ing - The following information shall be incorporated on the labels along with other instructions'

CAUTION

A L U M I N I U M P H O S P H I D E F U M E S H I G H L Y T O X I C . O P E N T H E C O N T A I N E R I N OPEN AIR. A V O I D USE O F M E T A L L I C D E V I C E F O R O P E N I N G A S I T M A Y C A T C H F I R E D E S T R O Y E M P T Y C O N T A I N E R S . K E E P AWAY F R O M W A T E R .

* R e q u i r e m e n t s for packaging of pesticides Part IV Fumigan t ( under preparation )

6

IS : 9279 - 1979

6. FIRST-AID AND MEDICAL MANAGEMENT

6.1 First Aid

6.1.1 If symptoms of poisoning due to inhaling appear, the affected person should immediately be taken into the open for fresh air, laid down in a comfortable position and kept warm ( use blankets if necessary ).

6.1.2 If symptoms of poisoning due to swallowing appear induce vomiting by giving a tablespoonful of salt in a glass of water and remove the victim to hospital at once.

6.2 Medical Treatment

6.2.1 If symptoms of poisoning due to inhaling appear

a) Administer oxygen promptly and adequately. Bronchodilators and decongestants may be given Maintain alkaline urine, by slowly giving 50 to 100 ml of 7.5 percent sodium bicarbonate ( m/v ) I V , or by giving fairly largc closes of sodium bicarbonate orally through a Byles tube.

b) In case of initial toxic pulmonary oedema — maximum doses of steroids, that is, 500-1 000 mg of prednisolone, can be given on the first day. Hypertonic solution of glucose may be injected intravenously.

c) In case of manifest pulmonary oedema -- Venesection should be performed under vein pressure control. Heart glycosides may be given, ( In case of haemo concentration venesection may result in shock )

d) In case of progressive oedema of the lungs — Immediate intubation with constant removal of oedema fluid and oxygen over pressure respiration, as well as any measures required for shock treatment should be undertaken. Check electrolytes for treatment of oxygen blocking ( enzyme blocking ) by blood exchange transfusion.

e) In case of kidney failure extracorporeal haemodialysis is necessary.

6.2.2 If symptoms of poisoning due to swallowing appear, induce vomiting giving 0 2 percent copper sulphate solution which acts as an emetic and also produces insoluble cupric phosphide which can be at once removed by gastric lavage with 1 : 5 000 potassium permanganate solution. Give 25 ml of milk of magnesia or beaten whites of 2 or 3 eggs. Avoid fats and oils

7

IS : 9279 - 1979

7. EMPLOYEE SAFETY 7.1 Employee Education — Safety generally depends, to a great extent, upon the effectiveness of employees education, proper safety instructions, intelligent supervision and use of safety equipment. Training classes should be conducted to maintain a high degree of safety in handling procedures. Workers should be thoroughly informed of the hazards that may result from improper handling of aluminium phosphide. Each employee should know what to do in an emergency and should be fully informed as to first-aid measures

8

( Continued from page 2 ) Members

SHRI V. V. M R A O S H R I D . V A . R A J U

R E P R E S E N T A T I V E S H R I K E S H A V P R A S A D

REPRESENTATIVE

REPRESENTATIVE S H R I N . R A G H A V A N

D R S . R . S R I N I V A S A N

IS : 9 2 7 9 - 1 9 7 9

Representing Hindus tan Petroleum Corporat ion, Bombay

( Alternate ) Centra l Revenues Control Labora tory , New Delhi

( Alternate ) Directorate General of Techn ica l Development ,

New Delhi Nat ional Safety Counci l , Bombay

( Alternate ) Polyoli fins Industr ies Ltd , Bombay

SHRI S A T I S H C H A N D R A ( Alternate ) SHRI K K SUBRAMANIAN Nat iona l Organ ic Chemical Indus t r ies Ltd,

Bombay S H R I M C. PATWARDHAN ( Alternate )

SHRI S. A.- T R I V E D I SHRI J N P A R E K H

P a n e l f o r D r a f t i n g

Convener DR B N ???

Members S H R I D U R G E S H C H A N D R A

Navin f luo r ine Indus t r i e s , B h u t a n ( Alternate )

S a f e t y C o d e s for H a z a r d o u s C h e m i c a l s , C D C 1 8 4 : 1

Hindus tan Steel L td , Ranch i

Century Rayon , Kalyan S H R I J J A D I H ( Alternate )

SHRI V N G O D B O L E Albright, Morarj i and Pandi t Ltd, Bombay S H R I K. R P R A B H U ( Alternate )

SHRI S K. J A N A S H R I M A H E S H K A R A N

Birla J u t e Manufac tu r ing Co L t d , Calcut ta ( Alternate )

S H R I S. S. R U N G T A ( Alternate ) SHRI H. T. K A P A D I A Dharamsi Morarj i Chemicals Co Ltd, T h a n e

DR M S. V A I D Y A ( Alternate ) S H R I M K. M A H E S H W A R I G w a l i i r Rayon Silk Mfg ( Wvg ) Coo L t d , Nagda

SHRI P A P H A D K E ( Alternate ) S H R I P . N M E H R O T R A Minis t ry of H o m e Affairs

S H R I G. B M E N O N ( Alternate ) S H R I B S. N A R A Y A N A

S H R I D . D A S G U P T A S H R I Y . R . P A K K A L A D R H . P . P A T E L S H R I K D . P U R I

Recki t t & Colman of Ind i a Ltd , Calcut ta (Alternate)

Rasht r iya Chemicals and Fertilizers L t d , Bombay Atul Products L td , Bulsar D C M Chemical Works, New Delhi

DR R. K G U P T A ( Alternate ) D R S . R . S R I N I V A S A N S H R I T. R SRINIVASAN

Polyolefins Industr ies L td , Bombay Herdi l l ia Chemicals Ltd, Bombay

S H R I S. K G A N G O P A D H Y A ( Alternate ) SHRI K. K S U B R A M A N I A M Nat ional Organ ic Chemical Industr ies L t d ,

Bombay S H R I M. C. P A T W A R D H A N ( Alternate )

S H R I H . K . V E S K A T A R A M I A H Hindus tan Organ ic Chemicals L td , Rasayan i S H R I A. G S E S H A N ( Alternate )

S H R I R . N . W A L L I A Nat ional Rayon Corpora t ion Ltd , Bombay S H R I L. M D E S H M U K H ( Alternate )

D R J . X A V I E R Fertilizers & Chemicals Travancore L t d , Udyogmanda l

9

I N D I A N S T A N D A R D S

ON

CHEMICAL AND ALLIED HAZARDS

IS:

1260 ( Part I )-1973 Pictorial markings for handling and labelling of goods: Part I Dangerous goods

1446-1959 Classification of dangerous goods 4155-1966 Glossary of terms relating to chemical and radiation hazards 4209-1966 Code of safety for chemical laboratories 4262-1967 Code of safety for sulphuric acid 4263-1967 Code of safety for chlorine 4264-1967 Code of safety for caustic soda 4312-1967 Code of safety for lead and us compounds 4544-1968 Code of safety for ammonia 4560-1968 Code of safety for nitric acid 4607-1968 Classification of hazardous chemicals and chemical products 4644-1966 Code of safety for benzene toluene and xylene 4906-1968 Code of safety for radiochemical laboratory 5184-1969 Code of safety for hydrofluoric acid 5208-1969 Code of safety for acetic acid 5302-1969 Code of safety for acetic anhydride 5311-1969 Code of safety for carbon tetrachloride 5685-1970 Code of safety for carbon disulphite ( Carbon bisulphide 5931-1970 Code of safety for handling cryogenic liquids 6156-1971 Code of safety for chlorosulphomic acid 6164-1971 Code of safety for hydrochloric acid 6269-1971 Code of safety for ethylene oxide 6270-1971 Code of safety for phenol 6818-1973 Code of safety for phosphoric acid 6819-1973 Code of safety for calcium carbide 6953-1973 Code of safety for bromine 6954-1973 Code of safety for caustic potash 7415-1974 Code of safety for aniline 7420-1974 Code of safety for phthalic anhydride 7444-1974 Code of safety for methanol 7445-1974 Code of safety for acetone 7812-1975 Code of safety for mercury 8185-1976 Code of safety for phosgene 8388-1977 Code of safety for nitrobenzene 9052-1978 Code of safely for aluminium chloride, anhydrous 9053-1978 Code of safety for m-dinitrobenzene

INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM OF UNITS ( SI UNITS) Base Units

QUANTITY

Length Mass Time Electric current Thermodynamic

temperature Luminous intensity Amount of substance

Supplementary Units

QUANTITY

Plane angle Solid angle

Derived Units

QUANTITY

Force Energy Power Flux Flux density Frequency Electric conductance Electromotive force Pressure, stress

U N I T

metre kilogram second ampere kelvin

candela mole

UNIT

radian steradian

UNIT

newton joule watt weber tesla hertz siemens volt pascal

SYMBOL

m kg s A K

cd mol

SYMBOL

rad sr

SYMBOL

N J W Wb T Hz S V Pa

DEFINITION

1 N = 1 kg.m/s3

1 J = 1 N.m 1 W = 1 J/s 1 Wb = 1 V.s 1 T = 1 Wb/m2

1 Hz = 1 c/s (s-1) 1 S = 1 A/V 1 V = 1 W/A 1 Pa = 1 N/m2

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