Disclosure to Promote the Right To Information

Whereas the Parliament of India has set out to provide a practical regime of right to information for citizens to secure access to information under the control of public authorities, in order to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority, and whereas the attached publication of the Bureau of Indian Standards is of particular interest to the public, particularly disadvantaged communities and those engaged in the pursuit of education and knowledge, the attached public safety standard is made available to promote the timely dissemination of this information in an accurate manner to the public.

इंटरनेट मानक

“!ान $ एक न' भारत का +नम-ण”Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda

“Invent a New India Using Knowledge”

“प0रा1 को छोड न' 5 तरफ”Jawaharlal Nehru

“Step Out From the Old to the New”

“जान1 का अ+धकार, जी1 का अ+धकार”Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan

“The Right to Information, The Right to Live”

“!ान एक ऐसा खजाना > जो कभी च0राया नहB जा सकता है”Bhartṛhari—Nītiśatakam

“Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen”

“Invent a New India Using Knowledge”

है”ह”ह

IS 8010-2 (1982): Guidelines for preparation of technicalreports, Part 2: Feasibility reports [MSD 5: Documentationand Information]

IS : 8010 ( Part II ) - 1982

Indian Standard

GUlDELlNES FOR

PREPARATION OF TECHNICAL REPORTS

PART II FEASIBILITY REPORTS

( First ficprint MARC11 IWh )

uuc 001.818(026)

I~IJREAIJ OF INDIAN STANDARDS MANAK IIIIAVAN, 9 I~AIIADUR SIIAII ZAFAR MARC

NEW DELIII 110002

Gr 5 Jirlv 1982

A-. .._, .__ -l.--.._L-_--.-II ._,___,_ __,^_._ _ .__._ ___“.. -~l.-.l.---l ._.. . . . . . . . I _

IS : 8010 ( Part II ) - 1982

Indian Standard

GUIDELINES FOR PREPARATION OF TECHNICAL REPORTS

SHICI A. D-41: Department of Printing clr Stationcry, Government of Uttar Pradesh, Allababnd

P~ror M. R. Dc.\ Indian Institute of Mass Communication, Ncw Delhi SHJ:I c. 13. GUPT.! Dircctoratr of Advertising 6i \‘isual Publicity

( Ministry of Informarion and Broadcasting j, i\‘ew Delhi

G~vrmmcnt Institute of Printing ‘I’rchnolog~,

DJ~ I’. L. M.~I,HOTJ: .\

SJII~I VISJ<VAX.\TH hI.+L11o’1 1: .\ All India Ilindi ~nl~li~hrrs As>ociatkn, R’cw Delhi SHRI ~I~ISHNACHANDE:!I llls!:i ( .4~tcrMte ,

SIEJZI AKUN Ii. MEHT.~ Vakil 8FSons Ltd, Bomba) ‘SHRI s. s. hlru%‘hY ‘Dcfencc Scientific Information 6: Documentation

Ccntrc ( Ministry of Defence ), Delhi SHHJ G. S. SH.\SK\ ( .IhniJtc )

( Continued on @zge 2 )

@ Cqyriihl 1982

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDXkDS This publication is protected under the fndian Co/yri& Act ( XI\’ of 1957 ) and reproduction in whole or in part by any means except with written permission df tiu oublisher &all be deemed to be an infrinoemrnt of copyright under thr said Act.

IS : 8010 ( Part II ) - 1982

.lhbers Repadug

c:tII, II. ‘I’. Nac;H 1x-r The* Imtitulictn of I:nginc*rrs ( Illtlia ). C:;tlcult3

SIIRl \i. 13. r\f.4l,lrOTI: 4 i :,kMtlOtC )

slll:l v. v. SArlNl; Andhra Pradesh (Government ‘I‘ext Hook Press, Hyderahad

Smrr <;. R. R.40 ( .tlk/xule ) Slc~tr JAIPAI. S4s1:1.4 National Council of 1:tlucntion R~~scnrch & Training,

New Delhi SKI<1 D. x*1: 4SI\I114141C Director of Printing, Slationrr~ S; Publications

( Government Press ), Bangalore SliKI ‘I‘. s 4’1‘LSH u. P.41 Manipal Power Press, Manipal

SMKI P. I%IIASKKIL R.40 i .4lkrnnt~ ) Slllrr I’~LANAV I’AKlKlL Printwcll, IWmbay

S~rnr M.~w:~sH Kvr,~a I: UI ! .4lternntc ) Str~tr \‘. R.~>r.~<~,~ \XI)JC 4s Indian National Scientilic I)ocumcntation Ct,ntre

( CSIR ), I\;e\v Delhi SHICI R. Gc11.4 ( Allerrzalr )

SICICI c:. N. R.so Xational Book Trust, New Delhi SHRI K. ?viCHAX RAN Institute of Printing ‘l’cchnology, Xfatlrns

SIIRI ?*f. s. S~;l~K.4;\r.4S1.4S ( :~~f~rtI~~~ )

SHRI R. S. RAW.~~, Thomson Press ( India ) Ltd, New Delhi SIIRI K. L. SAlIL41, Paper 8: Its Products ( Excluding Packaging

Materials ) Sectional Committee, CDC 15, ISI SHRI 0. I,. Dct:c.4r. ( Altenmte )

S,J%RI D. SEX The Regional Institute of Printing Technology, Calcutta

SHRI P. Sl?S i .‘ikY,lUte )

SHRI 9. N. SETH1 Associated Artists, Sew Delhi SHRI K. C. SETlllil<AX.\S Publications Division ( Ministry of Information &

Broadcasting ), New Delhi SHIlI H. H. N. T.~nos ( Alternate )

SlfUI v. SETHLXXlM All India Federation of Master Printers, hiadras SARI GURCHAR,AN SINC:Jr, Director General, IS1 ( Ex-o$cio .Ilember )

Director ( Pub )

Secretary

SXT PAH~~~EDEH. BAJAJ :\ssistant Director ( Pub ), ISI

Panel for Preparation of Technical Reports, EC 10 : Pl

Coasorer

SHBI GEOWE TIIOX 4s Holtec Engineers I’vt Ltd, New Delhi

Members SHIII Y. R. (=HADHA Publications 8c Information Directorate ( CSIR ),

New Delhi SHRI R. N. S1r.41~~4 ( lilferlznfe )

SHRI S. S. >~URTIIY Defrnce Scientific Information & Documentation ( Ministry of Defence ), Delhi

SERI G. S. Stia~~f.4 ( Allernate ) .%RI R. RAJARNXAS Central Board of ‘Irrigation & Power, New Delhi DR R. K. SRIV_4STAVA Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehra Dun

SHRI R. C. JOSHI ( Alter&e ) DB V. SZDDFI~RTHA IndianSpace Research Organization,‘Bangalore

2

IS:SOlO(PartII)- 19SZ

Indian Stan&d GUIDELINES FOR

PREPARATION OF TECHNICAL REPORTS

PART II FEASIBILITY REPORTS

0. FOREWORD

0.1 This Indian Standard ( Part II ) was adopted by the Indian Standards Institution. on 24 March 1982, after the draft finalized by the Publications and Graphic Technology Sectional Committee had been approved by the Executive Committee.

0.2 Technical reports form one of the most valuable sources of informa- tion for research, industry and management. Based on their contents, technical reports may be broadly categorized as research and development reports, feasibility reports, and such like documents. There is a need for providing guidelines for preparation and presentation of various elements of information to increase the effectiveness and utility of these reports.

0.3 Feasibility reports form a distinctive group of technical literature providing valuable information and interweaving multi-disciplinary inputs. They serve as vital tools for project planning and investment decisions. They, in fact, attempt to record the conception of a new project and forecast the.cost involved and the results and benefits arising therefrom.

0.3.1 Feasibility reports are required not only by potential entrepre- neurs but also by various concerned authorities and financial institutions as aids for evaluating and appraising the projects. Industrial develop- ment centyes, investment promotion centres, public and private consult- ing firms are also expected to benefit from these guidelines. The effectiveness of feasibility reports depends largely on the completeness and adequacy of their contents and clarity of their presentation.

0.4 These guidelines aim to put the various feasibility studies into a unified framework w:th a vie\+i to making them m&e comparable than in the past.

. . . 3

,.

s

ISrSOlO(PartII)-1882

0.5 In the preparation of this standard considerable assistance has been derived from the following publications:

Manual for the preparation of industrial feasibility studies. 1978. United Nations, New York.

Guidelines for the preparation of feasibility reports for industrial projects. 1975. Planning Commission, New Delhi.

0.6 This standard is being published in several parts. Part I of this standard covers guidelines for the presentation of research and develop- ment reports.

1. SCOPE

1.1 This standard ( Part II ) provides guidelines for the presentation of information in and production of feasibility reports.

2. TERMINOLOGY

2.0 For the purpose of this standard, the following definition shall apply.

2.1 Feasibility Report - A document which examines the technical, economic, financial, commercial and social viability of a project, makes recommendations ( based on the fact and data presented and analysed ) and assists in taking investment decision.

3. SECTIONS OF FEASIBILITY REPORTS

3.1 A feasibility report will normally comprise the following elements:

a) Front Cover

b) Preliminary Pages

Title page, Back of title page, Bibliographic description sheet, Summary, Foreword, Table of contents, Abbreviations*, and Signs and symbols*.

I ’

r

c) Body of the Report

1) Introduction, 2) Market analysis,

.- -

*If not included in thr body of the report.

4

IS : 8010 ( Part II ) - 1982

3) Materials and inpill>,

4) Plant size/capacity,

5) Location and site,

6) Environmental impacts,

7) Technology(ics)/p rocCsS(es) SdecticJn,

8) Project layout,

9 Equipment and machinery,

10) Civil engineering works,

11) Manpower and organization pattern,

12) Implementation schedule,

13) Financial analysis, and

14) Economic analysis.

d) End Matter

1) Acknowledgement*,

2) References,

3) Bibliography,

4) Tables?,

5) Illustrationst and graphs,

6) Appendices, and

7) Index.

3.2 Front- Cover - The front cover may give the follo~ving:

a> b) 4 4 4

f 1 !3>

Report number and the month and year of preparation on the top right hand corner;

Title of the ,report;

A.sub-title, if any;

Name(s) of the person(s) who carried out the study;

Name and address of the organizations to which the study was entrusted;

Name of the sponsoring authority; and

Security classification, if any.

3.3 Title Page - The title page may

a) Report number and the month top right hand corner;

-

include the following:

and year of preparation on the I ’

*May be included either in the end matter or as part of preiiminary pages. - ~ ~ *If not included in the body of the report.

5

IS : 8010 ( Part II ) - 1982

1~) Title of the report;

c) Sub-title, if any;

d) Xame(s) of the person(s) who carried out the study;

e) Price, if any, if not given on the back of the title-page;

f) Security classification, if any; and

a) Xame of the sponsoring authority.

3.3.1 The title should be concise and should indicate clearly the subject of the report and should be exactly the same as on the title page and the cover.

3.3.2 Information given on both the front cover and the title-page shall appear, as far as possible, in similar positions.

3.4 Back of the Title Page - Any special statements required to be incorporated by the sponsoring authority may be given on the back of the title-page, for example, limitations on reproduction, security, legal information, and disposal instructions. Reports to which restrictions applv shall, if possible, indicate the period for which the restrictions rem&n in force. Price of the report, if any, may also be included on the back of the title-page.

3.5 Bibliographic Description Sheet - A bibliographic description sheet conforming to IS : 9400-1980* shall be provided to help in biblio- graphic control and facilitate processing of the document for the library and documentation purposes. The abstract given in the sheet will conform to IS : 795-19767.

3.6 Summary - The summary shall contain an informative precis of the entire project. Besides bringing out definitive conclusions and recommendations on all the basic issues of the project ( after considera- tion of various alternatives ), the summary shall fet out the major advantages and disadvantages of the project along with the chances of its implementatidn.

3.7 Foreword - The foreword may bring out the background of the project along with statements relating to the project promoter and the agency carrying out the feasibility study. The foreword of each part of a multisection report shall contain a statement of the plan’ of the whole work ahd the intended total number of sections and scope of each.

-

*Guide for the preparation of bibliographic descript’i& sheet for technical reports. *Guide for preparation of abstracts (JirJf revision ). T

*,

6 a*

9.8 Table of Contents - I’he table of contents shall give the principal headings verbatim and in the order in which they appear in the report

page-

3.8.1 Where two or more parts of a multi-section report are produced simultaneously, the complete table of contents shall appear in the first part. The second and subsequent parts may contain a table of contents specific to that particular volume.

3.8.2 \Vhere a multi-section report is produced in parts at intervals of time, a full table of contents should be included as an addendum to the final volume.

3.9 Introduction

Yroject i&a;

‘h,lajor project paraniekxs Illat ?WvCtl ..5 tllr gui(ling principles: llroduct and product mis, plant CZIPZIC~ J and location, market or raw material orientation of the project, Iw?lwnrntation schedule and other?;

Economic, industrial, financial, SOCiill :1ilcl other related policies;

lGnmici.71 pOssiKlitics;

Krlcvnnt inf~~rnIati0~~ ol‘ the project palalIW:c~t aud/or initiator;

I-iistorical tle~clopn~ent Of tlic pI0jcct \\.ith dxlw of essential events ill project hislor)-; and

Stut_lies nntl investi&ations alrcatly perhrlrwtl.

3.10 Market Analysis

a) I%went a\~silability:

1) Location, capacity ant1 production oTcxi<tir+q units

2) Present imports/exports

3) Fcaturcs of tIw competition in tlirrct l)s’O(lrrct/slrbstitutc pro- duels

#

l F,

c) l’rojcctctl denland:

I) 1Gx11~Ire11wnts a.5 cstimatcd for the Xa~ional I’1an.j

2) Dc~uau~l c,<timates based on cliffercnt tcrhniques , ’

3) Import/rxpcJl t potential

7 4.

IS t 8010 ( Part II ) - 1982

4) 3)

6) 7)

Pattern and location of demand Cyclic features of annual demand Position of the product in the product life cycle Estimated market penetration by the product(s) to be pro- duced

(1) .\nticipated. p: oduction:

1) Letters of intentjiicences granted and progress made,‘likcly to be made in their implementation

2) Capacity build up and utilization considered

e) Anticipated surplu~jshortfall

f) Jrarketing strategy:

1) After sales facilitirs and services 2) Pricing, commission or discounts on sales 3) Organizational set up of distribution and sales 4 : Promotional t fforts during the prc-production and production

stq:rs

g) I:st imawd sales 1 evenucs

h) Estimared sales dncl distribution costs

j) Regulatory l>olisies [ relating to pricing, clistribution, rtc ), if any

3.11 Materials and Inputs

Classification of material and inputs into:

1 j Raw materials ( unprocessed and semi-p:accssed j 2j Processed industrial materials ( intermediates )

3) Manufactures ( sub-assemblies )

4) Auxihary materials 3) Factory supplies 6) Llrtilities ( electricity, water, steam, comprcsscd air, fuel,

c.fluent disposal )

Selection and description of all chosen materials and inputs stating: I ’

1) Qualitative properties a “,

8

2) Quantities available

3) Sources, indigenous and foreign

4) Availability, schedule

5) Unit costs

c) Selection of the optimum supply programme considering:

1) 2) 3)

4)

5)

6)

7)

8)

Production programme

Availability of supplies

Characteristics of supplies

Technology and equipment

Losses oF.raw material inputs due to transport and storage

Losses of semi-finished and finished products due to proces- sing, distribution and storage

Replacements clue to warranty services

Local conditions

Description of the selected supply programme stating for each input:

1) Quantitative supply pro!+unme

2) Sources of supply

3) Delivery, schedule

4) Storage measures and capacities ( if necessary )

3.12 Plant Size/Capacity

;I) Sclcction of the fkasiblc normal plant caparity based on:

1) Parameters of tllc> ~nw~iuc!ion prograinnx

2) Parameters of minimum ccc)llonlic wlu;pmcnt size

1) Enumeration 0L‘ phi capacity for tiw ouGrc plant :lntl Tar the I i

main departmctlts ( srmi-finishctl prnducts ;

3.13 Location and Site

a) Description of location supportcxl hy a map, ii necessary

b) Choice of location consic!criw::

1) Public policies L ’

2) %laterinl VrrSus markrt orientation ., 4 .:

‘J

3) Local conditions: infrastructure and socio-economic environ- ment

c) Selection of the plant site considering:

1) Cost of land and related expenses

2) Local conditions such as:

- Climate - Site and terraiu - Transport facilitic; - M’ater suppl) - Power supply - \\-aste disposal - Manpower - Fiscal and legal regulations - Living conditions

3) Public policies versus private intclesth

4) Site preparation and dcvclopment

5) Site properties and conditions

rvcwl: - Gi\-,! ~nnpi of approprinrc xalc Anwing: r~rirntation, Imundariw. neighlo- urs, conrour lines, roads and other :raffk connections, utilit) connrc.tion~, nest points of tits-in. existing ohstacler and structurr3, undcr:rl,untl conditions.

3.14 Environmental Impacts

a) Description of environment;ll iml~icts 10 1.)~ cspc~tcd on:

1) 2)

3)

4)

Population ( incrrabc of c~~~ploymcnl. ctc )

Infhstructurc ( de\-rkq)~ncnt of traffic network: public ulilitics, etc )

Ecology ( \\‘nter, air? soil, 1)1:11lii. :Iriilnals. ctc )

Landscape

3.15 Technology(ies)]Process(es) Selection

a) Selection of optimurll tcchnolo~~, considering:

1) Tlw nnturc of teclmologics rcquircd ( for cxamplc, laboul versus capital intensity, non-obsolrscence )

2) Sources, incligcnous and foreign

3) Means of acquisition: licensing, p;~+Isc, joint vcnturc

4) C!ost ( lump-sum paynwnt~: royally, ctc )

IS:8ol0(PartII)-1982

b) Statement of the reasons for selection

c) Description of the selected technology, stating the type, source, specification

3.16 Project Layout

a) Selection of optimum layouts, considering:

1) Production programme

2) Supply programme

3) Technology

4) Equipment

5) Civil works

6) Local conditions

1~) Statement of the reasons for selection

c) Description of the selected layout by appropriate drawings, with provisions for future expansion

3.17 Plant and Machinery

a) Selection df optimum equipment classifying it into production, auxiliary and service equipment and spare parts and tools

h) Statement of the reasons for selection

c) Description of the selected equipment and machinery stating number, type, specifications, capacity source and cost

3.18 Civil Engineering Works

4

b)

4

Listing of civil engineering works and possible alternatives ( site preparation and development, buildings and special civil works, auxiliary and service facilities and possible alternatives ).

Availability and quality of construction material, plant and manpower I *

Selection of optimum civil works a “,

IS : 8010 (Part II ) - 1982

d) Statement of the reasons fi)r se!cction

e) Description of the selected civil n~rks, stating number? t\.pe: specification ( if applicable ,

f) Cost estinlatcs < inve:lment costs ant1 ann\lal coct for maintenance and repair j

3.19 Manpower and Organizational Pattern

a) Determination of lal~our and stafi inputs

b) Selection of labour and staff considering:

1) Organizational structure/layout

2) Strategies and objectives of management 3) Skill requirements and level of training

4) Availability, local/foreign

c) Cost estimates ( fixed and variable j

3.20 Implementation Schedule

a) Selection of optimum implementation programme and time schedule, considering:

1) Establishment of project implementation management 2) Arrangements for technology supply 3) Detailed engineering of equipment, tendering, evaluation

bids, awards of contracts

4) Detailed planning of civil works, tendering, evaluation bids, awards of contracts

of

of

5) Construction schedules for:

i) Purchase of land, site development, civil construction

ii) Erection and installation of equipment

iii) Supervision, co-ordination, testing and take-over of equip- ment and civil works

iv) Trial runs v) Commercial production

6) Arrangements for financing

7) Build up of administration, recruit&&t and training of staff and labour

J .

8) 9)

10)

Arrangements for supplies Arrangements for marketing Establishment of contacts with public authorities for timely approval of licences, contracts, etc

b) Listing of activities and indication of their sequence in bar diagrams and/or networks showing the critical events.

3.21 Financial Analysis

a) Total investment costs, covering:

1) Cost of m-e-investment studies and preparatory investigations

2) Cost of land:

i) Acquisition ii) Development

3) Cost of buildings and other civil structures:

9 ii)

iii) iv)

v) vi)

For main plant and equipment For administrative purposes, laboratory, etc For storage, etc For residential purposes For other facilities like sewerage, water tank, fencing, etc Railway sidings

4) Cost of plant and machinery:

i) FOR/FOB cost ii) Sales tax,.customs duty, octroi, agency commission, clearing

and forwarding charges, excise, packing, insurance, freight and any other duties

iii) Foundation and erection charges iv) Stores and spares

5) Cost of technical know-how ( consultancy fees )

6) Cost of miscellaneous fixed assets:

i) Furniture, office equipment, vehicles, etc ii) Equipment, cabling, etc, for power d$tribution

iii) Equipment, piping, etc, for water distribution

13

ISrSOlO(PartlI)-MS2

iv) Laboratory equipment

v) Workshop equipment, etc

vi) First aid equipment, fire fighting appliances, etc

7) Pre-operative expenses

9

ii)

iii)

iv)

Brokerage, commission, undcrlvriting expenses for capital issue Interest and commitment charges during construction period

Establishment, training, advertising, travelling and other related expenses Miscellaneous expenses, including insurance during cons- truction period, start-up costs, etc

8) Provisions for price escalation and physical contingencies

9) Margin money for working capital

b) Sources of finance, covering:

1) Promoters’ cohtribution:

i) Equity

ii) Preference share

iii) Any other form

2) Public subscriptions

i) Equity

ii) Preference share

3) Term loans

i) From financial institutions

ii) From commercial banks

4) Government assistance

i) Subsidy

ii) Loans/Grants

5) Suppliers’ credit 1 ’

6) Others

14

IS : 8010 ( Part II ) - 1982

c) Total production cost, covering:

1) Cost of direct materials and inputs

2) Cost of direct manpower

i) Labour

ii) Staff

3) Plant overhead cost:

i) Manpower

ii) >laterials

iii) Others like maintenance, insurance, rents, royalties, licence fees, ‘communications, etc

4) Administrative overhead costs:

i) Manpower

ii) Materials

iii) Others like, communication, rent, travel, maintenance, property taxes, etc

5) Sales and distribution costs

i) Manpower

ii) Othem like sales commissions, packing. and forwarding charges, handling charges, storage charges, advertising/ publicity costs, after sales service costs, communication, travelling and entertainment costs, costs of training salesmen, etc

6) Financial overhead costs and interest, etc

7) Depreciation

NOTE -Attach annual costs, profitability, cash-flow statements and projected balance sheets.

d) Evaluation of financial viability using:

1) Net present value

2) Internal rate of return

3) Pay-back period

4) Break-even analysis

5) Sensitivity analysis

15

IS : 8010 ( Part II ) - 1982

3.22 Economic Analysis

a) Evaluation nf project covering:

1) Direct bcncfits to aggregate consumption 2) Direct costs to aggregate consumption

3) Indirect benefits and co?ts to a,,? crrrrexatt consumption

4) Redistribution of income

b) Using estimates of shadow prices of:

1) Laboui 2) Foreign exchange

3) Investment

c) Estimate of economic rate of return

d) Estimate of:

1) Project exchange rate 2) Effective rate of protection

3.23 Acknowledgement - Acknowledgement of help received in preparing the feasibility report should be made in a separate section.

3.24 References -’ References shall be provided for documents mention- ed in the text and shall be listed and numbered in the order in which they first appear in the text. The bibliographical form shall conform to IS : 2381-1978* and titles of periodicals should be abbreviated in accord- ance with IS : 18-19701_. Where an original source is quoted from an intermediary source, both shall be cited, with the intermediary preceded by the words ‘quoted in’.

3.25 Bibliography - This is a list of references in addition to those cited in the text of the report. If included the bibliography should indicate whether it is comprehensive or selective.

3.26 Tables, Illustrations and Graphs - Tables, illustrations and graphs should preferably appear at the appropriate places in the body of

6

the text, but where space considerations or reprographic techniques i 1

*Recommendations for LibliograFbical referent& : Essential and ,supplementar)- elements (first rmisiofz ).

tGuide for abbreviations of words in titles of periodicals using Rpman alphabet (first re&ion ) . a*

16

IS : 8010 ( Part II ) - 1982

prccluc’c this, they may bc put together as appendices. Tables and illustrations shall conform to the recommendations given in IS : 4731- 1968* and IS : 6660-l 9727 respectively.

3.27 Abbreviations - If a list of abbreviations: is included it shall form part of the preliminary pages [ see 3.1(b) 1. The list should contain. only those abbreviations which are not in comluon use. In the absence of a list, abbreviations ~houlc! be accompanied by thei, full form at tl:e first instance 0f their 11se in tlic ‘text.

3.28 Signs and Symbols - Signs and symbols used in the report should comply with the relevant Indian Standards on the subjects or other generally accepted rysterus of nomenclature. A li:t of these should be given along with the units of measurement arranged in alphabetical order. Greek symbols should be arranged separately.

3.29 Appendices - ‘Appendices should give details of explanations of methods and techniques summarized in the main text together with supplementary matter which cannot bc accompaniecl in the main body of the report.

3.30 Index - A lengthy report should have an index complying with IS : 1275-1976:.

4. PAGINATION AND NUMBERING

4.1 Page Number - Pages shall be numbered in international form of numerals cDn:ecutively throughout the report. Blank pages shall .be avJi.deJ wherever possible but if they occu; they shall be counted in the page numbering. However, blank leaves used as separators shall not be taken into account for numbering.

4.2 Section Number - Sections shall be numbered throughout the main body of the text and appendices. The numbering of sections in appendices shall follow a separate sequence from that of the main text. International form of numerals shall be used for section numbering. If necessary, the alphabet or Roman numerals may be used for appendices.

4.3 Reference Number - Identification numbers, letters or marks for literature reference shall be printed as superscripts or, if on the line, in parentheses immediately following the relevant word or phrase in the text. Different sequences shall be used for footnotes and bibliographical references.

4.4 Other Material - Tables, illustrations, drawings and graphs shall be n*rmbared in separate sequence in international form of numerals.

--. - I ’ +Guidc for preparation of manuscript of an article in a learned periodical. *Guide for illustrations in books. 0 SRules for making alphabetical indexes ( jirst ~cuision ). . 1,

17

IS : 8810 ( Part II ) - 1982

5. PRODUCTION

5.1 Type - Type faces and the line spacing shall be so chosen as to facilitate reading and shall not be less than 10 pt for the text matter.

5.2 Non-textual Matter - General engineering drawings shall conform to the requirements of IS : 696-1972* and architectural and building drawings to IS : 962-1967t.

5.3 Size - The report shall be in A4 size ( 210 x 297 mm ).

5.4 Margins - The margins for printed reports of A4 size are given in Table 1.

TABLE 1 RECOMMENDED MARGINS FOR TECHNICAL REPORTS

(1) (2) (3)

i) Back 25mm(6ems) ii) Head 29 mm ( 7 ems )

iii) Fore-edge 34 mm ( 8 ems )

iv) Tail 38mm(9ems)

XO1.E - If the report is centre-stitched or section-sewn the margin as recommended may be given. If it is side-stitched, the back margin should be increased by 5 mm.

5.5 Columns - For printed reports, more than one column may be used.

5.6 Covers - Cover should be of sufficient strength to protect the contents for a reasonable period.

5.7 Binding - Any style of binding, giving a substantial or permanent anchorage down the left-hand side of the report is acceptable, provided it allows the text of the report to lie reasonably flat without damage to the spine.

*Code of practice for general engineering drawings ( second ravirioa ). +Code of practice for architectural and building drawings (firs: raGen ). ~

18

BUREAU OF INDIA’N STANDARDS

Headquarters:

Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, NEW DELHI 110002

Telephones: 331 01 31, 331 13 75 Telegrams: Manaksanstha ( Common to all Offices )

Regional Offices: Telephone

Central : Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg.

I

331 01 31 NEW DELHI 110002 331 1375

*Eastern : l/14 C.-.I. T. Scheme VII M, V. I. P. Road, 36 24 99 Maniktoia, CALCUTTA 700054

Northern : SC0 445446, Sector 35-C, CHANDIGARH 160036 I

21843 3 1641

1

41 24 42 Southern : C. I. T. Campus, MADRAS 600113

a: 22: :: TWestern : Manakalaya, E9 MIDC, Marol, Andheti ( East ), 6 32 92 95

BOMBAY 400093

Branch Offices:

‘Pushpak’. Nurmohamed Shaikh Marg, Khanpur, AHMADABAD 380001 I

2 63 48 2 63 49

fPeenya Industrial Area 1st Stage, Bangalore Tumkur Road 38 49 55 BANGALORE 560058

Gangotri Complex, 5th Floor, Bhadbhada Road, T. T. Nagar, I

38 49 56 6 6.7 16

BHOPAL 462003 Plot No. 82183. Lewis Road. BHUBANESHWAR 751002 531’5. Ward No 29, R.G. Barua Road, 5th Byelane,

GUWAHATI 781003 5-8-56C L. N. Gupta Marg ( Nampally Station Road ),

HYDERABAD 500001

5 36 27 3 31 77

23 1083

R14 Yudhister Marg. C Scheme, JAIPUR 302005 1

83471 6 98 32

117/418 6 Sarvodaya Nagar, KANPUR 208005 { fl68! ;26

Patliputra Industrial Estate, PATNA 800013 6 23 05 T.C. No. 14/1421. University P.O.. Palayam I82104

TRIVANDRUM 695035 16 21 17

inspection Offices ( With Sale Point ):

Pushpanjali, First Floor, 205-A West High Court Road, 2 51 71 Shankar Nagar Square, NAGPUR 440010

Institution of Engineers ( India ) Building, 1332 Shivaji Nagar, 5 24 35 PUNE 411005 I ’

*Sales Office in Calcutta is at 6 Chowringhee Approach, P. 0, Princep 27 68 00 Street, Calcutta 700072 .I

tSeJes Office in Bombey is at Novelty Chemberr, Grant Road, 89 6628 Bombay 400007

$Sales Office in Bangalore is at Unity Building, Narasimharaje Square, 22 36 71 Bangalore 560002

Reprography Unit, MS, New Delhi, India