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है”ह”ह

IS 1780 (1961): Vegetable Tallow [FAD 13: Oils andOilseeds]

IS : 1780-1961

Indian StandardSPECIFICATION FORVEGETABLE TALLOW

UDC865.3:667 .161] (083.75) 540

© COP1,IIht 1961 b)'

INDIAN STANDARDS INSTITUTIONMANAK BHAVAN, 9 MATHURA ROAD

NEW DELHI 1September 1961

Reafffirmed 2009Reafffirmed 2009

Reafffirmed 2009Reafffirmed 2009

Reaffirmed 2010

Indian StandardSPECIFICATION FORVEGBTABLE'TALLOW

Fine Chemicals ( Organic & Inorganic) Sectional Committee, CDC 4

Chairman

DL V. llANQANAT!I.oU' Research" Development Organization [Ministry OrDefence (R & D ) ]

Benaal Immunity Co. Ltd., CalcuttaDevelopment Win" Ministry of Commerce 4 IncI.".

M~mHr8

DR. U. P. BASUDR. S.P.BHATTACHARYA

SHRI S. L MEHRA ( Alt~rnat~ )SuRJ S. K. BoHAll Directorate General of Health 5emces (Miltistry

oCHealth)SHlU P. S. R.utACH.ut.DJAN ( Alterllllte)

SHRI M. B. DESAI Kesar SVaar Works Ltd., BombaySHRt N. G. MADAN (Alt~rnat~ )

DL N. F. DDAI Uni~ity of Bombay, BombaySHlU S. V. DESAI Arnar Dye-Chem Ltd., Bombay .

SHRI 1. H. DosHI (AlterllGte)Dll. J. GUPTA , ' ., Council of Scientific" Industrial R~h

DR. SUKH DEY ( Alt~"",!"),. .SaRI AMIYA KUMAR LAHlItI senpl Chemical " Phannac:eu~ Works ~cI.;. ~~ ~

SHIU MANINDRA 'Ql..\NDM BAKsHi ( A/terntlt~ ) I

SHar B. MAlTRA Indian Chemical ~anufaeturen:~~,~ttaSHRI M. ROHATOJ ( A/te,late)

DR. S. L. MUkHilM!" • Sarabhai Chemicals. BarodaSaRI B. SRINIVASAN (Altfrnafe) ~

Da. S. K. MUNSHI British DruB Houses (India) Private Qd.• BombaYMa. P. S. STaOiS ( Alte",.e ) ..

DB.. NITYA NAND Couw:Uor Scienutic&.lIldustrial~RIPRI!SENTAnVE Government Test House, Calcutta

SRRI K. L. BANERJEE ( A/~rna'e ) ""SHu P. B. SARKAR. Directorate General or Supplies a .':DisposaII

( Ministryof Worts, Houslna A SUa»IY)SJIRI B. V. SHAH Atul Products Ltd .• Pamera :

8HRJ S. M. MERl'A (Nt.,.,,)( C.tlltwtl. p. 2 )

• •INDIAN STANDARDS INSTm1'l1ONMANAK BHAVAN, , MATRUItA BOAD

NB~ DBLIII 1

18:1 1

I; J

( CMI#IfIlMl Jr- p. I )

~DJJlECfOa(~AU)

Da. LALC. VDlMAN ( Ex-tJ1/iclo)DR. SADooPAL (Alt."..)

TariffCommiaeion, BombayDirector, Indian Standards InstitutronDeputY Director ( Chern ), ladlan Standards

Institution

Secr,tary

DR. G. M. SAXENA Extra Assistant Director ( Chem), Indian StandardsInstitution

Ve.etabJe Tallow" Turkey Red Oil Subcommittee, CDC 4: 6

CtllW~

Da. P. C. MarrA

M",.,..

SHu S. S. TIUVEDISJGJ B.B. B40AJ..KOT1E

SIIRt V. N. SARDESAJ ( A.lt~"lfQt6 )DR. N. F. DuAlSHRI 8. M. MISTRY

SHRI S. S. MIsTIlY ( A.lteru/, )SJuu XANcHANLAL C.PAlUmSlau lACiMOHAN SARAN

SHRJ B. N. SHARMA ( AI"1'ntlt.)8HRJ V. N. SAIlDElAJ

SHaI N. R. BoMAN ( Alt"nat,)

AhmedabadTextilelndu*try'. Research Auociation,Ahmedabad

( Alte-ntJt6 to Dr. P. C. Mehta)Ssrdesai Brothers Private Ltd., Bombay

University of Bombay, BombayAhura Chemical Produet5 PrIvate Ltd., Bombay

Ahmedabad MiJlowners' Association, AhmedabadModi Soap Works, Modinaaar

TextDe Auxiliaries Manufacturers' Association,Bomba)'

2

AMENDMENT NO.1 JUNE 1967

TO

IS: 1780-1961 SPECIFICATION FORVEGETABLE TALLOW

Alteration

(Page 7, clause A-5) - Substitute the following for the existingclause:

'A-5. DETERMINATION OF UNSAPONIFIABLE MATTER

A-5.0 Determine the unsaponifiable matter, percent by weight,using the method given under 8 of IS : 548-1964*, and calculate asfollows.

A-S.1 Calculation

A-S.t.1 Weight in g of the fatty acids in the extract ( as oleicacid) = B = 0·282 VN

wherev = volume in ml of standard sodium hydroxide

solution, andN = normality of standard sodium hydroxide

solution.

A-S.l.2 Unsaponifiable matter, percent

• b . ht 100 ( .A- B)y weig = W

where

A = weight in g of the residue,B = weight in g of the fatty acids in the extract

(see A-S.t.1), andW = weight in g of the total fatty matter content

of the material taken for the test. '

.Ketbods of -sampling and test for oile and fat. ( revised ).

PrInted at BtaadUd Pi'lDtliii Worb. kew Deal. JDdla

JS:171O.. 1Ml

Indian StandardSPECIFICATION FOR

VEGETABLE TALLOW

o. FOREWORD

0.1 Tbii Indian Standard was adopted by the Indian Standards Institutionon 9 January 19tH, after the draft finalized by the Fine Chemicals (Orpaicand Inorganic) Sectional Committee had been approved by the ChemicalDivision Council.0.2 In the siziog of cotton warp, mutton tallow is aenerally used as a softenerand lubricant. Substitutes for mutton tallow, of a vegetable origin, havebeen used in this country for many yean. Restricted Imports of muttontallow and inadequate indigenous production of mutton tallow of suitablequality have siven further impetus to the production of vegetable substi­tutes. These substitutes may be broadly classified into liquid products whichare essentially pure vegetable olls mixed with emulsifyins agents, and solidproducts which are either hydrogenated oils or oil-soap mixtures. Thisstandard applies to soijd products only. Of the solid products, very littleof the hydrogenated oil type is used at present as sizing softener.0.3 Freedom from aaregation and from large variations in the viscosityof the size paste are iQ1portant requirements for uniform sizinS. VegetabletaDows which produce",2oo to 300 percent increase of an 8 percent maizestarch paste during storasc at 9SoC for 3 hours or on cooling trom 95° to800e give poor sizing. The aaresation is not sufficiently marked in verydilute (say, one perceDt) starch pastes and may be so large wtdt a 4 to Spercent starch paste that reproducible results may not be obt~ with theRedwood type of viscometer. The Sectional Committee felt thJt while nospecific limits can be IItd down for this characteristic, this inforpation maybe included here for t_ suidance of the manufacturers and tbe..,nsumers.0.4 Wherever a refereace to any Indian Standard appears in tJijs specifica­tion, it shall be taken U a reference to the latest venion of the .,.dard.0.5 For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requiretaent. of thisstandard is complied wlth, the final value, observed or calculate« expressiqthe result of a teat or analysis, shall be rounded off in q.cc~ withIS : 2-1960 R.uIa ror Rounding Off Numerical Values (R~etJ). Thenumbet or sillUlcant places retained in the rounded off valueS!Ould be thol&D1e as tbat of the s~fled valuein this standard. ..0.6 This stan.dard is intended chiefly to cover the technical provisjQDSrelatilll to ve~t&ble lallow, and it does not includo all tJ&e DeCessat'1prOvWoUI of a cOntract.

3

IS : 1780-1961

I. SCOPE1.1 This standard prescribes the requirements and the methods of test forvegetable tallow used in textile industry in sizing.1.1 This standard does not cover liquid vegetable products used in textilesizing.

1. GRADES1.1 The material shall be of three grades, namely, Grade 1, Grade 2 andGrade 3.

3. SAMPLING3..1 Representative samples of the material shall be drawn as prescribedunder 3 of IS : 548-1954 Methods of Sampling and Test for Vegetable Oilsand Fats.

4.: REQtJIREMENTS4.1· :DeseriptloD - The material shall be a creamy white solid and shallnot have-any rancid odour.4.2 The material shall also comply with the requirements given inTable I when tested according to the methods prescribed in Appendix A. Re­ference to relevant clauses of Appendix A is given in col 6 of the table.

TABLE I REQUIREMENTS FOR VEGETABLE TALLO\\'

1 6 6One-third of total ash content

A-3A-4

A-2

A-5

METHOD OF TEST

( REFTO C.. No.IN ApPENDIX A )

(6)

507098

REQUIREMENT fOR

r-'" ..A. ~

Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3(3) (4) (5)

CnARACTERISTJC

(I) (2)i) Total fatty matter. percent by

weight, Minii) Total ash. percent by weight of

total fatty matter, Maxiii) Water insoluble matter in ash. Maxiv) Unsaponifiable matter, percent by

weight of tot at fatty matter, Max

5. PACKING AND MARKING5.1 The material shall be supplied in well-closed and leakproof containers,as agreed between the purchaser and the vendor. .5.2 Each container shall be marked with the name of the manufacturer andtrade-mark, ifany; weight of the material in the container; and batch numberor month and year of manufacture.

4

· IS: 1180-1961

5.2.1 The containers may also be marked with the lSI Certification Mark.

NOTE - The use of the lSI Certification Mark is governed by the provisions of theIndian Standards Institution (Certification Marks) Act, 1952 and the Rules and Regu­lations made thereunder. Details of conditions, under which a licence for the use of. thelSI Certification Mark may be granted to manufacturers or processors, may be obtainedfrom the Indian Standards Institution.

APPENDIX A(Clause 4.2)

ANALYSIS OF VEGETABLE TALLOW

A-I. QUALITY OF REAGENTS

A-l.1 Unless specified otherwise, pure chemicals and distilled water [seeIS .:.. 1070-1960 Specification for Water, Distilled Quality (Revised)] shallbe used in tests.

NOTE -- 'Pure Chemicals' shall mean chemicals that do Dot contain impuritieswhich affect the results of analysis.

A-2. DETERMINATION OF TOTAL "~ATTY MATTER

A-Z.l Reagents

A-2.1.1 Dilute Sulphuric Acid - approximately 1 N.

A-Z.l.Z Ether - conforming to solvent grade of IS : 336-1954 Specifi­cation for Ether, (a) Solvent and (b) Anaesthetic.A-2.2 Procedure - Weigh accurately about 109 of the material and transferinto an Erlenmeyer flask and warm with 50 ml of dilute sulphuric acid.Allow to cool and transfer to a 250-ml separating funnel. Shake with 50 rnlof ether. Draw off the water layer into another separating funnel and extractwith 50 ml of ether. Transfer the aqueous layer into the Erlenmeyer flaskand the ether layer into the first separating funnel. Transfer the aqueousextract from the flask to the second separating funnel and extract with 50 mlof ether. Transfer the aqueous layer into the flask and the ether extractinto the first separating funnel. Wash the ether extracts free from acid withsuccessive IS-ml lots of water. Drain off the aqueous layer completely,distil off a part of the ether from a distilling flask and then transfer the etherextract quantitatively to a previously weighed 50-ml beaker. Evaporate ona water-bath and dry the residue at 1000 to 10S~'C to constant weight.

5

IS: 1780-1961

A-2.3 CalculatloD

Total fatty matter, percent by weight = l00~:where .

WI = weight in g of the residue in the beaker, andWI = weight in g of the material taken for the test.

A-3. DETERMINATION OF TOTAL ASH

A-3.1 Procedure - Take about 10 g of the material, accurately weighed,into a silica crucible previously heated to redness, cooled and weighed. Heatgently, taking care that the flame does not come in direct contact with thematerial. When most of the material has been burnt, heat strongly at 700°to 800I.lC, preferably in a muffle furnace, to constant weight. Preserve theash for test in A-4.1.

A-3.2 Calculation

Total ash, percent by weight of total

fatty matter content of the material =- 100 ~:

where

WI == weight in g of-the residue obtained, and

JV2 = weight in g of the total fatty matter content (see A-2.3)of the material taken for the test.

A-4. DETERMINATION OF WATER INSOLUBLEMATTER IN ASH

A-4.1 Procedure - Digest the ash preserved in A-3.1 in 500 ml of waterat room temperature in a glass-stoppered Erlenmeyer flask with vigorousstirring, preferably on a shaking machine. Decant off the supernatant clearliquid through a filter paper (Whatman No. 42 or equivalent) or a previ­ously weighed sintered glass crucible (G No.4). Repeat the digestionwith another 500 ml of water, decant off the clear liquid and finally filter theentire contents of the flask. Dry the crucible at 110°::1: 1°C to constantweight.

A-4.1.1 The requirements prescribed in Table I shall be taken to havebeen satisfied if the weight of the water insoluble residue is not greater thanone-third the weight of the ash obtained in A-3.1.

6

IS: 1780-1961

A-S. DETERMINATION OF UNSAPONIFIABLE MAITER

A-S.t Reagents

A-S.l.t Alcoholic Potassium Hydroxide Solution - Dissolve 35 to 40 gof potassium hydroxide in 20 ml of water and add sufficient rectified spirit[conforming to IS : 323-1959 Specification for Rectified Spirit (Revised)]to make up to I 000 ml, Allow to stand overnight, decant the clear liquidand keep in a bottle closed tight with a cork or rubber stopper. Keep thefiltered solution in a dark place.

A-S.t.l Ether -- conforming to solvent grade of IS: 336-1954 Specifi­cation for Ether, (a) Solvent and (b) Anaesthetic.

A-S.I.3 Phenolphthalein Indicator Solution _.- Dissolve O·1 g of phenol­phthalein in 100 ml of rectified spirit [conforming to IS: 323-1959 Specifi­cation for Rectified Spirit (Revised)].

A-S.t.4 Acetone - conforming to IS: 170-1950Specification for Acetone.

A-S.t.S Rectified Spirit - conforming to IS: 323-1959 Specification forRectified Spirit (Revised). -

A-S.t.6 Standard Alcoholic Sodium Hydroxide Solution - Dissolve 5 to6 g of sodium hydroxide in 10 ml of water and mix the solution with 1 000 mlof rectified spirit. Allow the solution to stand for several hours, preferablyovernight, then filter off the clear supernatant liquid. Keep the clear solutionin a dark place. Before use, determine the strength of the solution.

A-S2 Procedure

A-S.2.1 Weigh accurately about 5 g of the well-mixed material into a250-ml flask and add 100 ml of alcoholic potassium hydroxide solution.Attach the flask to the reflux condenser and heat on a boiling water-bathfor one hour or until saponification is complete. (Complete saponificationis essential.) Remove the flask from the bath, detach the 'Condenser andtransfer the contents of.the flask to a 250-ml separating funnel, washing theflask with 50 ml of water. Cool the separating funnel and its contents toabout 2SoCand then rinse the flask in which saponification was carried outwith SO ml of ether and pour the ether into the separating funnel. Stopperthe funnel, shake vigorously and allow the funnel to stand until the twolayers of liquid separate and clarify. Draw off the aqueous layer into theflask used for the saponification. Transfer the ether layer into a second2SO-ml separating funnel containing 20 ml of water. Transfer the aqueous .extract from the flask to the first separating funnel and extract with SO ml

7

IS : 1780-1'61

of ether. Transfer the aqueous layer into the flask and the ether layer intothe second separating funnel. Repeat the extraction once more. Combineall the ether extracts in the second funnel. If the extracts contain solid sus­pended matter, pass them through a small, dry, fat-free filter paper into thesecond separating funnel, washing the filter subsequently with ether. If anyemulsion is formed, add a small quantlty of rectified spirit or alcoholicpotassium hydroxide solution.

A-S.2.2 Rotate the extracts gently in the second funnel, without violentshaking, with 20 ml of water and. after allowing to separate, run off thewater. Wash the ethereal solution twice again with 2o-ml portions of water,shaking vigorously each time. Continue washing with water until the wash­water no longer turns pink on addition of phenolphthalein indicator. Trans­fer the ethereal solution to a weighed flask and evaporate to small bulk.Add 2 to 3 ml of acetone and completely remove the solvent from the flask,for example. by means of a gentle current of air, the ft.askbeing almost entire­ly immersed, held obliquely and rotated in a boiling water-bath. Dry the

. flask and contents to constant weight at a temperature of 80°C.

A-S.2.3 After weighing. take up the residue in 50 ml of warm rectifiedspirit and titrate with standard alcoholic sodium hydroxide solution.

A-S.3 Calculation

A-S.3.1 Weight in g of the fatty acids inthe ether extract (as oleic acid) = 0·005 64 V

where

v = volume in ml of standard alcoholic sodium hydroxidesolution used in the titration.

A-S.3.1 Unsaponifiable matter, percent by weight of 100 (A- B)the total fatty matter content of the material = ~··_--W---

where

A weight in g of the residue obtained in A-S.2.2,

B weight in g of the fatty acids in the ether extract as··obtained in A-5,3.1, and

W = weight in g of the total fatty matter content(see A-2.3) of the material taken for the test,

'8

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