Disclosure to Promote the Right To Information

Whereas the Parliament of India has set out to provide a practical regime of right to information for citizens to secure access to information under the control of public authorities, in order to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority, and whereas the attached publication of the Bureau of Indian Standards is of particular interest to the public, particularly disadvantaged communities and those engaged in the pursuit of education and knowledge, the attached public safety standard is made available to promote the timely dissemination of this information in an accurate manner to the public.

इंटरनेट मानक

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“Invent a New India Using Knowledge”

“प0रा1 को छोड न' 5 तरफ”Jawaharlal Nehru

“Step Out From the Old to the New”

“जान1 का अ+धकार, जी1 का अ+धकार”Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan

“The Right to Information, The Right to Live”

“!ान एक ऐसा खजाना > जो कभी च0राया नहB जा सकता है”Bhartṛhari—Nītiśatakam

“Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen”

“Invent a New India Using Knowledge”

है”ह”ह

IS 10402 (1982): pin-needle hardboard boxes for packagingof apples [CED 9: Timber and Timber Stores]

Gr 3

IS : 10402 - 1982

Indian Standard

Reaffirmed 2010

SPECIFICATION FORPINE-NEEDLE HARDBOARD BOXES

FOR PACKAGING OF APPLES

UDC 621·798·12[674·032·16-41] :634

© Copyright 1983

INDIAN STANDARDS INSTITUTIONMANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG

NEW DELHI 110002

June 1983

DR A. N. NAYBR

SHRI M. R. PARANJPBSHRIO.P.PRAHLADKASURI P. S. PRUTHI

SMRI P. V. HEBL! ( Alternate)

IS : 10402 • 198Z

Indian StandardSPECIFICATION FOR

PINE-NEEDLE HARDBOARD BOXESFOR PACKAGING OF APPLES

Wood and Wood Products Containers Sectional Committee, MCPD 16

Chairman

SHRI A. C. SEKHAR

26, SOH ColonySnnagar P.O., Hyderabad

Aletnbers Jrepresenling

SHRI R. BALASUBRAMANYAN Central Institute of FIsheries Technology, CochmSHIU S. K. BANERJE! National Test House. Calcutta

SHRI D. K. KANUNGO ( Alternate )SHRI P. G. DESHMUKH Indian Institute of Packaging, Bombay

SHRI C. S. PURUSHOTHAMAN ( Alternate)SHRI M. P. DUBEY Dharat Heavy Blectrleals Ltd (Corporate Research

&. Development Division ), HyderabadSHRt S. K. DUTTA ( Alternate I )SHRI K. V. L. K. VENURAO ( Alternate 11 )

SHRI P. T. KANSARA Tata Engineering & Locomotive Co Ltd, PimpriSHRI A. H. BAKRB ( Alternate I )SaRI S. P. CHOPRA ( Alternate II )

SHRI R. F. KbWALRAMANI Escorts Ltd, FandabadSHRI O. P. SHARMA ( Alternate)

SHRI S. KRISHNAMURTHY Directorate General Ordnance Factories, Ministryof Defence ( R&D ), Calcutta

SHR' P. K. KARMAKAR ( Attemat« )SHRI Y. P. MARKS Composite Wood Products, BombaySHRI S. N. MSHRA Indian Chemical Manufacturers' Association,

CalcuttaPackaging and Wood Products Consultancy Service,

New DelhiAmbalal Sarabhai Bnterprises Pvt Ltd, VadodaraHitachi-KK Manufacturing Co, CalcuttaIndian Pest Control Association, Bombay

( Continu~d on pale 2 )

C Copyright 1983INDIAN STANDARDS INSTITUTION

This publication Is protected under the Indian Copyrl,ht Act ( XIV of 1957 ) andreproduction in whole or in part by any means except With writton permission ofthe publisher shan be deemed to bo an infrinloment of copyriaht under the laid Act.

SHRI N. K. SHUKLASHRI V. SIVANANDA

Memb~rs

SHRI R. S. RANA

IS : 10402 • 1982

( Continued from page 1 )

Representing

Horticulture Department, Government of HimachalPradesh, Simla

SHRJ H. L. KOCHHAR ( Alternate)SHRI R. N. SAXENA Ministry of Railways ( Railway Board ), New Delhi

DEPUTY DIRECTOR TRAFFIC( SPECIAL DUTY) ( Alternate)

SHRI SHARAN SINOH Directorate General of Supplies and Disposals, NewDelhi

Forest Research Institute & Colleges, Dehra DunIndian Plywood Industry Research Institute,

BangaloreDR H. N. JAOAD8ESH ( Alternate)

CAPT N. A. TAMHANB Indian National Shipowners Association, BombaySHRI A. G. TANKSALB Kirloskar Oil Engines Ltd, Pune

SHRI V. D. SARDESAI ( Alternate)SHRI P. S. DAS, Director General, lSI (Ex-officio Menlber )

Director ( MCPD )

Secretary

SMT SHASHI SAREEN

Assistant Director ( MCPD), lSI

Crates and Packing Cases Subcommittee, MCPD 16: 2

Convener

SHRI N. K. SHUKLA Forest Research Institute &. Colleges, Dehra Dun

Members

DEPUTY DIRECTOR ( RATBS) Railway Board (Ministry of Railways). New DelhiDEPUTY DIRECTOR ( SD ) ( Alternate)

SHRI P. O. DSSHMUKH Indian Institute of Packaging, BombaySHRI C. S. PURUSHOTHAMAN ( Alternate)

SaRI SATYA NARAIN GARO Oovind Narain & Bros. KanpurSHRI SURESH NARAIN OARQ ( Alternate)

SHRI K..S. LAULY The Indian Plywood Manufacturing Co Ltd,Bombay

LT-COL O. B. SINOH ( Alternate)SHRI K. R. NATARAJ Sundaram Industries Pvt Ltd. MaduraiSHRI NIRMAL SINOH Directorate General of Inspection (Ministry of

Defence). New DelhiSHRI GULAM ALAM ( Alternate)

R.EPRESENTATIVE Federation of Associations of Small Industries ofIndia. New Delhi

SaRI V. SIVANANDA Indian Plywood Industries Research Institute,Baoaalore

DR. H. N. JAOADI!8SH ( Alternat. )MAJ T. K. SOMASHBItAR Madras Sapper Ex-Servicemen's Rehabilitation

Association. Banlalore

2

IS: 10402.·1982

Indian StandardSPECIFICATION FOR

PINE-NEEDLE HARDBOARD BOXESFOR PACKAGING OF APPLES

o. FOR E W 0 R D

0.1 This Indian Standard was adopted by the Indian Standards Institutionon 30 November 1982, after the draft finalized by the Wood and WoodProducts Containers Sectional Committee had been approved by theMarine, Cargo Movement and Packaging Division Council.

0.1 Apples are transported over long distances to different parts of thecountry. Being perishable, they arc subject to spoilage which can in partbe attributed to inadequate packages, which are unable to withstand thehazards of handling in transportation. A specification on wooden boxesfor packaging of apples ( IS: 3728-1966) has already been published. Inorder to provide alternate materials of packaging with a quality productthis standard on pine needle hardboard boxes for packaging of apples isbeing brought out. It is hoped that this will help cost reduction and betterutilization of forest products.

0.3 For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of thisstandard is complied with, the final value, observed or calculated, express­ing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance with18:2-1960-. The number of significant places retained in the rounded offvalue should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard.

1. SCOPE

1.1 This standard prescribes the general requirements and the methods oftest for pine-needle hardboard boxes for the packaging of apples.

1. TERMINOLOGY

%.1 For the purpose of this standard tho definitions given in IS: 6703-1972tshall apply.

• Rules for roundiD. off numerical values ( ,ellis~d).

tOlossary of woodenpack.linS terms.

3

IS : 10401 • 1981

3. MATERIALS

3.1 Timber

3.1.1 Timber species for battens shall be of any of the Group I, II or IIIlisted in Appendix A of IS: 6662·1980*. Any other suitable timber notincluded in the above standard may be used for battens with the priorapproval, in writing, of the purchaser.

3.1.1 The battens shall be seasoned to a moisture content not exceeding18 percent and the inclination of grain shall not exceed 1 in 10. The timbershall be free from centre heart (pith), insect attack, any kind of decay( rot), objectionable knots, splits, warping and any other defect which mayreduce the strength of battens.

3.2 Pine-Needle Hardboard

3.2.1 Thickness of Boards - The thickness of pine-needle hardboardsused for the manufacture of boxes shall be 3'50 ± 0'25 mm,

3.1.1 The moisture content of pine-needle hardboards at the time ofmanufacture of apple boxes shall be 12 ± 3 percent. Unless the boardsare of moisture-proof quality, they shall be given a suitable coating onboth sides to prevent undue moisture absorption.

3.2.3 The finished boards and battens shall not emit any odour or imparttoxicity and taint which may have any undesirable effect on the appleseitber in taste, smell or colour.

3.3 Nails

3.3.1 The nails used in the manufacture of boxes shall be of clout headedtype, conforming to IS: 723-1972t. Length of nails shall be sufficient tohave a clinching of 5 mm.

3.4 Strapping.

3.4.1 Mild steel wire and metal strips may be used for binding the boxes(see IS: 280-1978:. IS: l029.1970§ or IS: 1731-1971lt). Polypropyleneor low-density polyethylene (LDPE) straps properly reinforced OD theedges, may also be used.

4. DIMENSIONS, MASS AND STYLE OF BOXES

4.1 DlmeDlioDS and Mass - The internal dimensions and the maximumpermissible mass of boxes shall be as given in Table 1.

-Timber species suitablefor woodenpackaging (fjrst revision ).fSpecification for steelcountersunk head wirenads (first revision ).

fspeCification for mild steel wireroraeneralenpneerina purposes ( third rtv/,ion ).Specification Cor hot rolled steel strips ( baling) (fir,t rnllion ).

UDimensions for steel flats for structural and leneral eOlioeerin, purposes( /irst revision ).

4

IS : 10402· 1982

TABLE 1 INTERNAL DIMENSIONS AND MAXIMUMPERMISSIBLE MASS OF BOXES

( Clause 4.1 )

SL LENGTH WIDTH HI=.IGHT MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLENo. mm mm rom MASS OF EMPTY Box

kg

1. 455 305 305 4'00

2. 455 305 280 3-80

3. 455 305 255 3'60

4.1.1 Tolerances - A tolerance of ± 3 mm shall be permitted in length,width and height of the boxes. No plus tolerance shall be permitted in themass of individual boxes.

4.2 Style - There shall be only one style of the apple box as shown inFig. 1. The apple boxes of pine-needle hardboard of other styles mayalso be made with the prior approval, in writing, of the purchaser.

5. REQUIREMENTS AND ASSEMBLY OF BOXES

5.1 Board Panels - Only one piece of pine-needle board shall be used tomake one panel. Five slots of size 10 em X 3 mm or six ventilation holesof 1·25 cm diameter shall be cut on the front-side panel (as shown inFig. 1) as well as on the back-side panel in such a manner that they do notaffect the performance requirements of the boxes. For fixing battens to thepanels the nails shall be staggered in two parallel rows and shall be equallyspaced as shown in Fig. 1.

S.% Each box shall be constructed as shown in Fig. 1t from 6 hardboardpanels, 24 battens and nails as specified in Table 2. The cross-section oftop, bottom and side battens shall be 20 x 10 mm and end battens2S x 20 mm. For assembling the box, side panels shall be nailed to theend panels, and top and bottom panels to the end and side panels as shownin Fig. 1. As far as possible, the nails shall be equally spaced.

5.3 The boxes after being filled with the apples may be securely bound byany of the strappings mentioned in 3.4.

6. WORKMANSHIP AND FINISH

6.1 The pine needle board panels and battens shall be of even thicknessand reasonably smooth. The battens shall have the ends mitred (45°)across the narrow face.

6.2 The nails used for fixing battens to the panels shall be well clinched soas not to damage in any manner the contents of the boxes.

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x30

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305

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-502

x33

2

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x30

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x20x

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280

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20

x10

4in

no.-

30S

x2S

x20

4in

no

.-2

80

x2

Sx

20

4in

no.-

30S

x20

x10

4in

Do.

-280

x20x

10

4S

5x3

05

x2S

S

2pa

nels

-S02

x33

2

2pa

nels

-S02

x2S

S

2pa

nels

-2SS

x25

5

8in

no

.-S

02

x2

0x

I0

4in

no.-

305

x2S

x20

4in

no.-

305

x20

x10

4in

no.-

255

x2S

x20

4in

no.-

2S5

x2

0x

10

.. rIJ ... I • ... :I w

3.N

ails

80in

no.-

19x

1·4

72in

no

.-1

9x

1-4

(fo

rfi

xing

batt

ens

to(

Cor

fixi

ngba

tten

sto

pan

els)

pane

ls)

44in

no.-

32x

1·4

44in

no.-

32x

1·4

(fo

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.-1

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IS : 10402 • 1982

7. PACKING

7.1 The boxes shall be delivered in complete sets of shocks in a cleancondition. Each type of component that is top, bottom side or end, shallbe firmly bundled together with a suitable cord, string or metal binding.

7.2 The boxes may be delivered in an assembled condition, if desired bythe purchaser.

8. TEsrrING

8.1 Pine-Needle Boards

8.1.1 Impact Resistance Test - A specimen of size 220 X 220 mm ofpine-needle hardboard shall be clamped along all the four edges in thewooden frame of impact-resistance test equipment [see 18:1734 (PartXVIII )-1972*]. A vertical rod having a metallic hemispherical end ofdiameter 2'S em and weighing 1 kg shall be dropped repeatedly 5 timesfrom 8 constant height of 50 cm. The specimen, after undergoing theabove test, shall be examined and it shall be considered to have failed ifrupture across the whole thickness of the specimen is noticed. At leastone specimen from each of 5 different boards of a particular lot shall betested.

8.1.1 Moisture Absorption Test - A specimen of size 150 X 150 mm ofpine-needle hardboard shall be conditioned to 12 percent moisturecontent, weighed, and kept in a closed chamber maintained at 80 ± 5percent RH and 3S + 2°C temperature for 5 days (that is 120 hours).The specimen shall be re-weighed and from its initial and final weights, theamount of moisture absorbed by the specimen shall be determined. Thespecimen shall be considered to have passed the criteria of acceptability ifthe moisture absorption is found to be not more than 3 percent at the endof the test. At least one specimen from each of 5 different boards of aparticular lot shall be tested.

8.1.3 ..Surface Water Penetration Test - A specimen of 15 em diameterof pine-needle board shall be clamped tightly in the Cobb test apparatus[see IS: 1060 (Part I )-1966t] ensuring that a surface area of 100 em" isavailable for the test. 250 ml water shall be filled in the cylinder of thetest apparatus and retained for 30 minutes. The amount of water whichpenetrates in the surface area of 100 sq. em shall be determined by takingthe difference of initial and final weights of the specimen. The specimenshall be considered to have passed the criteria of acceptability if the waterabsorption is not more than I g on a surface area of 100 em", At leastone specimen from each of 5 different boards of a particular lot shall betested.

*Methods of test for plywood: Part XVIII Impact resistance test on the surface ofplywood (first revision ).

tMethods of sampling and test for paper and allied products, Part I.

7

IS : 10401 • 1981

8.1.4 Toxicity Test - A specimen of 5 x S em obtained from the boardshall be cut into small pieces and extracted with 30 ml physiological salineat 85°C for one hour. The extract shall be cooled and centrifuged. Thesupernatant shall be injected intravenously at the rate of 0·5 ml per mouseto 10 mice (S males and 5 females) and the mice shall be examined atfrequent intervals till 72 hours for any signs of toxicity.

NOTH - This shall be an optional test and it may be required to be carried outwhenever there is any change in the manufacturing process of pine-needlehardboards. This test should preferably be carried ou t in a recognized toxico­logical laboratory fully equipped for the purpose.

8.1 Performance Tests for Boxes

8.1.1 Top-Bottom Compression Test - The assembled empty box whentested [see IS: 7028 (Part 11)-1973*] shall not fail below a compression loadof 1 500 kg. At least 5 boxes shall be tested from a lot of 100 boxes.

8.1.2 Flat Drop Test - The assembled box fully packed with the apples(or equivalent dummy load) and dropped freely from a height of onemetre on a concrete platform [see IS: 7028 (Part IV)-1973t ] shall not showany failures (indicated in 8.3) before the completion of two cycles. Acycle shall consist of one drop on all the six faces ( top, bottom, two sidesand two ends ). At least 5 boxes shall be tested from a lot of 100 boxes.

8.2.3 Tumbling Test - The assembled box fully packed with the apples(or equivalent dummy load) shall be manually tumbled on a metalledroad up to a distance of 30 metres from the starting point in such a mannerthat all the six faces ( top, bottom, two sides and two ends) of the box aresubjected to equal number of falls on the road. At least one box shall betested from a lot of 100 boxes and it shall not show any of the failuresindicated in 8.3.

8.3 If the tested boxes display any of the failures, as detailed below, beforethey pass the criteria of acceptability, the whole lot shall be rejected. Ifany other type of failure not indicated below and considered to be of anature that would damage the apples in transit, is observed, a second set ofsamples shall be taken for repetition of tests in 8.1 and if the same defectis observed again the whole lot may be rejected:

a) Loosening of a number of nails,

b) Complete pulling out of a large Dumber of nails,

c) Splitting of battens,

d) Breaking of battens,

.PerCormance tests Cor complete filled transport packages: Part II Vibration test( reaffirmed 1978 ).

tPerformance teats for complete filled transport packaaes: Part IV Vertical impactdrop tests ( real/irmed 1978).

8

IS : 10401 • 1982

e) Tearing of panels or battens through nail holes,

f) Removal or separation of battens from panels,

g) Sliding of batten joints,

h) Breaking or tearing of panels,

j) Severe crushing of battens at the edges or corners of the box,

k) Separation of panels of the box,

01) Spilling of contents through failures, and

n) Complete collapse of the box.

9. MARKING

9.1 Unless otherwise agreed to between the manufacturer and the purchaser,each box shall be legibly marked, or stencilled, with the followinginformation:

a) Manufacturer's name or trade-mark,

b) Year of manufacture, and

c) Size.

9.1.1 The pine-needle hardboard boxes may also be marked with the lSICertification Mark.

NOTE - The use of the lSI Certification Mark is governed by tbe provisionsof the Indian Standards Institution (Certification Marks) Act and the Rulesand Regulations made thereunder. The lSI Mark on products covered by anIndian Standard conveys the assurance that they have been produced to complywith the requirements of that standard under a well-defined system of inspection,testing and quality control which is devised and supervised by lSI and operatedby the producer- lSI marked products are also continuously checked by lSI forconformity to that standard as a further safeguard. Details of conditions underwhich a licence for the use of the lSI Certification Mark may be granted tomanufacturers or processors, may be obtained from the Indian Standards Institution.

9

IS : 10401• 1981

+

I• •

~: FRONl SIDE •• END

..J- ....... -- - .....--- ... •...

• Nails for joining battens and panels.+Nails tor assembling the box.

Alldimensions in millimetres.

FIG. 1 PINB-NEBDLB HARDBOARD Box

10

IN1"ERNATIONAL SYSTEM OF UNITS (81 UNITS)

Base Units

Quantity Unit Symbol

Length metre m

Mass kilogram kgTime second sBlectric current ampere AThermodynamic kelvin K

temperatureLuminous intensity candela cdAmount of substance mole mol

Supplementary Unlta

Quantity Unit Sytl1bol

Plane angle radian rad

Solid angle steradian sr

Derived Units

Quantity Unit Symbol DefinitionForce newton N N = lkg. tn/s"Energy joule J J = 1 Nan

Power watt W 1 WIlD 1 lIs

Flux weber Wb 1 Wb= t V.s

Flux density tes1a T 1 1'~ t Wb/m~Frequency hertz Hz I lIz = 1 cis (s· '1 )

Electric conductance siemens S 1 S= 1 A/VElectromotive force volt V 1 Yam t W/APressure, stress pascal Pa 1 Pa=- 1 N/m'

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(MOHALl) 1600'1BranC"h Offices:

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