Irritable bowel syndrome

ContentsColon structure and function .- Definition of Irritable bowel syndrome.- Epidermiology of IBS.- Causes of IBS.- What does the colon do in IBS?-Symptoms of IBS.- Types of IBS.- Diagnosis of IBS.- Treatment and Drugs. -

Colon structure and function

Colon is the part of the large intestine , the last portion of the human gastrointestinal tract is approximately 5 to 5.5 feet long with a diameter of about 2.5 inches, is located between the caecum and rectum.

be divided into four sections, ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid colon.

1.the organ for storing waste products by elimination of toxic waste material in the form of stool

2 .reabsorbing water from wastes and maintaining water balance in the body.

3 .serves at the site for the growth of beneficial bacteria and other microorganisms.

Irritable bowel syndrome

Irritable Bowel Syndrome is not a disease. It's a functional disorder, which means that the bowel simply does not work as it should.

nervous disorder in the digestive system resulting of colon disorder and abdominal pain. with no organic problem is causes, it appears to be an abnormal condition of gut contractions (motility) and irregular bowel habits.

Epidemiology

-Prevalence 3 - 22% world-wide Reason for 20 - 50% of gastroenterology visits .

26% prevalence among children with recurrent abdominal pain.

40% onset before age 35.50% onset age 35 – 50.

Female > Male (3:1).

What does the colon do in IBS? The contraction of the colon muscles and the movement of its contents is controlled by nerves, hormones, and impulses

in the colon muscles .

These contractions move the contents inside the colon toward the rectum.

During this passage, water and nutrients are absorbed into the body,and what is left over is stool.

A few times each day contractions push the stool down the colon, resulting in a bowel movement .

However, if the muscles of the colon do not contract in the right way, the contents inside the colon do not move correctly.

resulting in abdominal pain, cramps, constipation, a sense of incomplete stool movement, or diarrhea

Causes of IBS

abnormal gastrointestinal (GI) tract movements.-12 -a change in the nervous system communication between

the GI and brain. -Sensory and motor disorders of the colon. 3

dietary allergies or food sensitivities. -4 -Neurotransmitter Imbalance“(decreased serotonin levels).5

-Stress.6 -Dysbiosis.7

Who else gets IBS? -People who have panic disorder or other

psychological conditions .

People who have a family history of IBS.-

-People with other conditions including Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, Fibromyalgia, a condition that causes widespread muscle and soft-tissue pain and tenderness, and Temporomandibular (TM) disorder which causes pain and discomfort in the jaw muscles and joint.

Symptoms of IBS

Most symptoms-:

Pain, distension or abdominal discomfort and bloating-

-Abnormal bowel habits with periods of constipation and diarrhea-

Sensation of incomplete bowel movement-

Mucus in the stool -

Types of IBS IBS can be subdivided into:

1- Constipation-predominant :the person tends to alternate constipation with normal stools. Symptoms of abdominal cramping or aching are commonly triggered by eating.

2- Diarrhoea-predominant : the person tends to experience diarrhoea first thing in the morning or after eating. The need to go to the toilet is typically urgent and cannot be delayed. Incontinence may be a problem.

3- Alternating constipation and diarrhoea

Diagnosis of IBS

Rome criteria-:

According to these criteria, you must have certain signs and symptoms before a doctor diagnoses irritable bowel syndrome.

The most important are abdominal pain and discomfort lasting at least 12 weeks, though the weeks don't have to occur consecutively.

You also need to have at least two of the following:

1 -A change in the frequency or consistency of your stool for example, you may change from having one normal formed stool every day to three or more loose stools daily, or you may have only one hard stool every three to four days.

2 -Straining, urgency or a feeling that you can't empty your bowels completely.

Mucus in your stool . -3

Bloating or abdominal distension. -4

Additional tests

1 -Flexible sigmoidoscopy. This test examines the lower part of the colon (sigmoid) with a

flexible, lighted tube (sigmoidoscope).

2- Computerized tomography (CT) scan. CT scans produce cross-sectional X-ray images of internal organs

3- ColonoscopyIn some cases, your doctor may perform this diagnostic test, in which a small, flexible tube is used to examine the entire length of the colon.

4 -Lactose intolerance tests.

Lactase is an enzyme you need to digest the sugar found in dairy products .

If you don't produce this enzyme, you may have problems including abdominal pain, gas and diarrhea.

To find out if this is the cause of your symptoms, your doctor may order a breath test

or ask you to exclude milk and milk products from your

diet for several weeks.

Treatments and drugs

- -Fiber supplements. Taking fiber supplements, such as psyllium (Metamucil) or methylcellulose (Citrucel), with fluids may help control constipation.

-Eliminating high-gas foods. If you have bothersome bloating or

are passing considerable amounts of gas, your doctor may suggest

that you cut out such items as carbonated beverages, salads, raw fruits and vegetables especially cabbage, broccoli and cauliflower

- Antibiotics. It's unclear what role, if any, antibiotics might play

in treating IBS. Some people whose symptoms are due to an overgrowth of bacteria in their intestines may benefit from antibiotic treatment.

-Anticholinergic medications. Some people need medications that

affect certain activities of the autonomic nervous system

to relieve painful bowel spasms. These may be helpful for people who have bouts of diarrhea,

but can worsen constipation.

- Antidepressant medications. If your symptoms include pain or depression, your doctor may recommend a tricyclic antidepressant or a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI).

These medications help relieve depression as well as inhibit the activity of neurons that control the intestines.

If you have diarrhea and abdominal pain without depression, your doctor may suggest a lower than normal dose of tricyclic

antidepressants, such as imipramine. Side effects of these drugs include drowsiness and constipation.

SSRIs, such as fluoxetine (Prozac, Sarafem) or paroxetine (Paxil) may be helpful if you're depressed and have pain and constipation.

- Anti-diarrheal medications. Over-the-counter medications, such as loperamide (Imodium), can help control diarrhea. a kaolin/pectin preparation (Kaopectate), and diphenoxylate/atropine (Lomotil).

-Alosetron (Lotronex). Alosetron is a nerve receptor antagonist that's designed to relax the colon and slow the movement of waste

through the lower bowel .

- Lubiprostone (Amitiza). Lubiprostone is approved for women age 18 and older who have

IBS with constipation.

Its effectiveness in men is not proved. Lubiprostaone is a chloride channel activator that you take twice a day.

It works by increasing fluid secretion in your small intestine to help with the passage of stool.

Common side effects include nausea, diarrhea and abdominal pain.

Bavolex: Bavolex contains only natural ingredients that help calm down the

nervous system. It contains herbal and plant extracts that balance

and regulate intestine muscle contractions and enzymes to improve digestion.

IntestAid unique and patented product which contains a rich

dietary source of nucleotides IntestAid increases the length

and surface area of the intestinal villi which facilitate digestion

in the small intestine .

In addition, it changes the ratio of bacteria in the large intestine from mostly undesirable bacteria (E-Coli) to primarily "friendly" and health supporting bacteria (Lactobacilli).

21% increase afternucleotide supplementation

Intestinal villi without Nucleotide supplementation

Abstract- -IBS is a disorder that interferes with the normal functions of the colon.

The symptoms are cramps abdominal pain, bloating, constipation, and diarrhea.

-IBS is a common disorder found more often in women than men

-People with IBS have colons that are more sensitive and reactive to things that might not bother other people, such as stress, large meals, gas, medicines, certain foods, caffeine, or alcohol.

-IBS is diagnosed by its signs and symptoms and by the absence of other diseases.

-Most people can control their symptoms by taking medicines such as laxatives, antidiarrhea medicines, antidepressants reducing stress and changing their diet.

-IBS does not harm the intestines and does not lead to cancer. It is not related to Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis.

References1 -Anonymous) 2010 ,(Irritable bowel syndrome) English .(Medical Subject Headings .

U.S .National Library of Medicine.2 -Article:Amanda Chan Date: 06 January 2011 Time: 10:11 AM ET

3-March 9, 2011 | Author: Kristie Brehant | Posted in Disease and Illness http://mdhba.com/disease-and-illness/ibs-help/

4 -http://www.naturalnews.com/IBS.htmlFriday, October 08, 2010 by: Tony Isaacs

5 -Alan Jensen EzineArticles.com Expert AuthorJoined December 13, 2010

6 ©-2010 State Government of Victoria 7 -Irritable bowel syndrome. The National Digestive Diseases Information

Clearinghouse. http://digestive.niddk.nih.gov/ddiseases/pubs/ibs/. Accessed June 2, 2009.

8-Clinical Therapeutics, Volume 30, Issue 5, May 2008, 8Pages 884-901-8Roja Rahimi, Shekoufeh Nikfar, Mohammad Abdollah

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References 1-http://digestive.niddk.nih.gov/ddiseases/pubs/ibs

2 -http://www.buzzle.com/articles/colon-function.html

3-http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/irritable-bowel-syndrome/DS00106/DSECTION=tests-and-diagnosis

4 -http://www.irritablebowelsyndrome.net.au/index.html

5 -http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irritable_bowel_syndrome

6 -http://www.webmd.com/ibs/features/supplements-for-ibs-what-workshttp://emedicine.medscape.com/article/180389-overview

7-http://www.adaptogeno.com/art_opinion/art128_ing.asp 8 -http://www.helpforibs.com/footer/ibs.asp

9-http://www.irritablebowelsyndrome.net.au/index.html