Irrigation system of Pakistan
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AGR-111Lecture
Irrigation systems of Pakistan
By: Dr Ghulam Abbas Shah
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Irrigation: Artificial application of water to the land
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Irrigation systems in Pakistan
1. Main intake structure and pumping station
2. Conveyance and distribution system
3. Field application system
4. Drainage system
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1. Main intake structure and pumping station
• Rivers• Lakes• Dam• Barrage
Annual flow of the rivers is 142 MAF
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1. Main intake structure and pumping station
Tube wellAnnual water flow is 33 MAF
Barrage
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2. Conveyance and distribution system
• Canals• Distributaries• Minor• Field water course
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2. Conveyance and distribution systemCanals
Irrigation canal Link Canal
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2. Conveyance and distribution systemDistributaries and minors
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2. Conveyance and distribution system• Distributaries• Field water
course
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3. Field application system
I. Surface irrigationII. Subsurface irrigationIII. Sprinkler irrigationIV. Drip irrigation
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I. Surface Irrigation
Application of water to the field at ground level.
a) Basin irrigationb) Furrow irrigationc) Border irrigation
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I. Surface Irrigation
a) Basin irrigationBasins are horizontal, flat plots of land, surrounded by small dykes or bunds.
Peppers
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a) Basin Irrigation for wheat
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I. Surface Irrigationb) Furrow irrigationFurrow are narrow ditches dug on the field between the rows of crops.
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Furrow irrigation by opening the bank or dyke of the ditch
Tomatoes
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Furrow irrigation by opening the bank or dyke of the ditch
Lettuce
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Furrow irrigation by means of syphons
Maize
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Furrow irrigation by means of syphons
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Furrow irrigation by means of spiles
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Furrow irrigation by means of perforated pipes
Sugarcane
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c)
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i. Straight border irrigation
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ii. Contour border irrigation
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ii. Contour border
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II. Subsurface IrrigationIn subsurface irrigation water is applied to a series of field ditches deep into soil surface.
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II. Subsurface Irrigation
Cotton
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III. Sprinkler IrrigationWith sprinkler irrigation, artificial rainfall is created.
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III. Sprinkler IrrigationSingle gun sprinkler
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III. Sprinkler IrrigationRotating sprinkler
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III. Sprinkler IrrigationSeveral rotating sprinkler heads
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IV. Drip Irrigation
non-return valve
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IV. Drip Irrigation
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IV. Drip Irrigation
Maize Apple trees
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Questions?