~". I ON WA 10 <v~ "t" ~

t~~t} February 3,1989 THE ENGINEERING SOCIETY'S STUDENT FORUM February 3, 1989 '>-Of ,,,?-

11lside

CCES: Day and Night

Centrespread

SPAC·ENEWS

§

" A Visit by Bill Gates

llem Plastic .

Deformation

-ll ll

South Africa: '. A View from Inside

JIONAL ENGINEERING ~[EK JANUARY 23-27

At Work and at Play

-------------------~-----------------~~ - ~- ~ ---~- --------------~

2 Iron Warrior

Ridiculous Science Recently, Phillipe Rushton

presented a scientific paper that ranked Orientals, whites and blacks, in that order, in racial superiority. Rushton, a UWO psychology professor, was speaking at a conference of the American Association for Advancement of Science. The association immediately dissociated itself from him, and Rushton has since been labelled a racist.

His theory involved dating the evolution of the races and drawing conclusions from how old a particular race is. He claims the younger the race, the more intellectually superior it is. The argument is that later races evolved larger brains, making them more intelligent. He also makes other claims using the same argument. His ranking was based on an evolutionary dating which places blacks as the oldest race, Orientals as the youngest, with whites in the middle.

Attacks from colleagues and other scientists have punched holes in Rushtons arguments. The scientist who dated the races, Allen Wilson of the University of California, revised his research at the same time Rushton presented his theory to include a late African race which emerged after the Orienw.ls.

All Stressed Out

As the story developed, I came to realize that this was an important testing ground for science. How would the scientific world deal with someone who promoted racism in the name of science? The increased awareness of racism (racial riots in Miami, police shootings in Toronto) makes the spotlight on Rushton burn even brighter.

Science has a particularly wonderful method of defending itself against the work done by Rushton : it depends on a methodology for gathering knowledge and calls on those who practice science to judge their peers.

My first reaction to the story was that the hostility towards Rushton was unnecessary. If he was wrong, someone would bring out

Everyone has moments in their live where they feel that everything that absolutely, positively has to be done can't be. Done, that is. This happens to the best of us, and the not-so-best of us who happen to exhaustion after an all-night procrastinate a little. OK, maybe a homework session, or a long lot. distance argument with a relative or

The result? Stress. Everyone has girlfriendlboyfriend.

the evidence to show it. My wait and see attitude is based on my faith in science to eventually reach the truth. Twenty years of education has drilled that into me.

Now that science has taken its course by pointing out the mistakes in Rushton 's theory, it is time for Rushton to retreat and reconsider the counter-arguments. Instead of going on radio talk shows confronting those who call him a racist, why doesn 't he practice good science and rethink his theory.

A final good luck wish to the Concrete Toboggan team. Unfortunately, they will not be in Waterloo to read this. By this time, they will be in Vancouver. Say a prayer for those br~ve s.ouls who will hurtle down a hIll WIth 200lbs of concrete.

. -, -I "

or aerobics, and generally exercising themselves to death . Those who like a little less action read, meditate, or take long hot baths for a short escape, or should I say vacation, from reality. One friend of mine had an interesting way of coping; she painted the windows of her hou se with watercolours.

Personally, I like to bake whenever I'm under stress. The night before a calculus final aJl I really want to do is make oatmeal cookies. There is a dangerous aspect to this, however. Someone has to eat those cookies. So for those of you who bake for relief keep an eye on your waistline.

But I think the all-time best way to cope is to talk with a friend. Doesn't have to be a serious conversation; in fact, sometimes the more ridiculous, the better. Whatever you do, don't just keep it all in - find someone or something to relieve the tension. And just remember, five years isn't forever so have a good time while you're here.

February 3, 1989

IRON WARRIOR STAFF

Editors Danny Lee Sonya Montgomery

Writers John Vellinga Tim Bouma Brian Turn bull Belinda Elysee-Collen Arun Lal HeJen MacIntyre Niall Fraser Ted Timar Laurie Litwack Jorge Serrador Todd Ruthman Lynda Wnson Cliff Knox Steve Morin Katherine Koszarny Walton Chan Rick Zalec Zark0 Draganic Yuri QUintana

Photo2raphy Marc Gravel Wayne Dodd

r an Taylor Lynda Wilson

Typesettin2 Niall Sexton Leslie Ng Andrew Sterian Todd Ruthman

Adyertizin2 Katherine Koszarny Martin White Ross Honey Chris Pustowka J an Bergstrom

felt the effect of it. There are more So just how do we cope with this causes of stress than just deadlines. seemingly endless amount of How about finding a job, finding a stress? Everyone has different place to live and moving every four coping mechanisms, but the key months? Sounds like stress to me. thing seems to be that the activity Then there are the everyday stresses should relax you. Many people take like that cold your roommate was their frustrations out by playing kind enough to give you, squash, floor hockey, taking karate r-----------------------------____________________________________ ~Layout

The Iron Warrior is a forum for All SUbmissions, unless otherwise Yuri Quintana thought-provoking and informative articles stated, become the property of the !.tQn presented by the academic community of Warrior, which reserves the right to refuse Todd Ruthman the University of Waterloo. Views puhlication of material which it deems Dave Whitehead expressed in the (ron WarriQr. olher than unsuitable. The Iron Warrior also reserves Laurie Litwack the editorials, are those of the authors and the right to edit grammar, spelling and do not necessarily reflect the opinions of portions of text that do not meet Greg Scandrett the editors or the Engineering Society. university standards. Authors will be Jorge Serrador

The Iron Warrjor encourages notified of any major changes that may be M "S. suhmissions from studeDls, faculty and required. arole plCer other members of the university All submissions and advertising Lynda Wilson community. Submissions should reflect ¢l1quirics should be forwarded to: ' Linda Hachey the concerns and intelleclUal of the BI"II Kowalcbyk university in general. and should be Iron Warrior typewritten or neatly wrillen. Engineering Society Ted Timar double-spaced and on one side of the page CPH ]327 Mark Tutkaluk only. The author's name, class (if University of Waterloo applicable) and phone number should be WATERLOO, Ontario Kevin Johnson included. (519) 885.1211 extension 2323

February 3, 1989

Back From The

Sunny

South by John Vellinga

3B Systems Design President

Well after one Warrior of Absence and a short tour of de sunny south (that's where the brown face came from), I am finally writing an article!

The term is well under way and already many exciting things have happened!

• Bohemian New Year's: A fantastic packed and rockin' evening in P.O.E.T.S. marked the beginning of the term. A new tradition of fun in P.O.E.T.S. has been started on OUT stream.

• C ' tain Zimbabwe and the lIbinet Shuffle: Rib sucH , rhythm and cool jazz filled the in P.O.E.T.S. Wednesday January 25. The now famous ensemble played to a capacity crowd of jazz lovers. Look forward to a cool and skankin' P.O.E.T.S. this tenn.

• I am Eng Soc Seminar: Over 80 people turned out for this fun and informative seminar. The vision and objectives of the Engineering Society were outlined

Iron Warrior 3

Technology Triang Ie This is the first in a series of

anicles about the City of Waterloo and its relationship with he University of Waterloo .

by Brian Turnbull Mayor of Waterloo

The City of Waterloo must be considered within its geographical context. Waterloo makes up the

and workshops were held on northern one-third of the Kitchener­running, organizing and promoting Waterloo area. Kitchener-Waterloo events (the free beer helped). is one corner of the "golden

• Restructuring: The addition triangle." The other two corners are of the three new second vice Cambridge and Guelph. presidents and inclusion of class This golden triangle area has a reps in the everyday operations of strong economy, a very pleasant Eng Soc have paid off. A broader way of life and is an hour's drive base of participants and a more west of Toronto. These factors have organised team approach have led to a rapid rate of growth. contributed to the whopping One of the key strengths of the success of events so far. golden triangle is its diversity. The

di tillers, automotive, metal products, insurance, high technology and education.

The presence ot the three univer ilies -- Guelph, Waterloo and Wilfred Laurier -- has sparked the recent strong growth in the high -technology area. Witness the development of spin-off companies based directly on research done at these universities. This success can be marketed . .

In late 1987 a decision was made by the four cities to focus on the attributes of this area for high technology. The name "Canada's Technology Triangle" was chosen and international contacts are made through this vehicle.

The universities, with their tremendous research and development capabilities, combined with private sector investment and marketing, will make Canada's Technology Triangle a unique technology area.

Corning up this term are more area is very strong in all of the exciting events and improvements. following sectors food The University of Waterloo processing, including br~wers and En~neeringSoci~yhHch~knged ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

U of T Eng Soc to participate in the Gravenhurst Winter Carnival February 25.

Big plans are in the works to renovate P.O.E.T.S., the C&D, and the Engineering darkroom. Watch out next term for some startling improvements

Theme nights will be held in P.O.E.T.S. every Wednesday night. Get your class to come up with an idea, decorate P.O.E.T.S. and garner mega-P**5. Let's continue the Wednesday night tradition of a packed and partying P.O.E.T.S. pub!

Enjoy the term and in any case ... PARTICIPATE !

CANADA'S

TECHNOLOGY

TRIANGLE

Providing for the Future by Tim Bouma

4B Mechanical

It's almost that time. Less than three months and the Frosh of 1984 will be out of this place. Graduation is looming on the horizon and the spectre of the rest of your life is becoming real. If you're one of these people, take a moment and consider the Grad Pledge.

What is the Grad Pledge? In monetary terms, it is a promise made by you to donate to the Engineering Faculty $100 per year for the next three years for a total of $300. This money wi!'l be used for the improvement of the undergraduate teaching facilities in Engineering.

As you probably can recall, some of the equipment you used in labs was probably older than yourself and this equipment was in dire need of improvement or replacement.

Unfortunately, funds for teaching facilities such as laboratory equipment are difficult to obtain. The government doesn't seem to be concerned with improving our educational facilities and because of

Grad Pledge Projects Graphics Lab: Refurbishing the lab with new high-resolution colour

monitors.

Chemical En~ineering; Assistance in purchasing Chromatographic Bioseparation equipment to be used in Introductory Biotechnology and Fennentation Engineering.

Civil Eneineerine: ~ng of labs in Structures. Geotech. Water and Hydraulics plus establishlDgne.w ~ls Lab.

fj!!J~ Three heat-transfer units to be used in labS; and concentradon analysis.

the tax laws in this country, companies can only donate funds for research purposes.

This leaves funding for basic teaching equipment out in the cold. If this equipment was to be replaced gradually by the present funding scheme, it would take over a hundred years! This demonstrates only too well the need for extra funding.

All the money collected by the Grad Pledge will be channelled into Improving the education facilities of Engineering. None of it will be siphoned off for other purposes such as painting every ventilation duct on campus pink.

By supporting projects through the Grad Pledge we will not only be ensuring the continued quality of Engineering at Waterloo, we will also be ensuring the continued quality of our degree in the years to come. And to top it all off, we will be the pioneers of a new and hopefully lasting tradition! Think about it - 300 bucks! It ain't so much!

4 Iron Warrior February 3, 1989

First Time? J'll Be Gentle by Belinda Elysee-Collen

2A Chemical

I gave the Ii ule old lady my age, name (actually I spelt that one out, you don't even bother pronouncing a surname like mine), address and phone number then joined the queue. Since I was a first timer they gave me a special sticker immediately placing me in a class above the others. It was a Monday afternoon and the Campus Centre ressembled a M.A.S.H. unit. I had been lured here by the promise of p** 5 and that sense of doing good for mankind. And I was still asking myself why I had decided to be a part of this group of people voluntarily bleeding into plastic bags.

people voluntarily bleeding into plastic bags

The other blood don,ors, dutifully moving a few seats down the purple couches every few minutes, didn't seem as apprehensive as I.

Artsmen and Engineers alike were engrossed in conversation about blood type (as a frrst timer I didn't know mine) or reacting copies of the Iron Warrior. Unfortunately the long line moved quickly. Before I knew it I heard "Next donor, please" and a nurse was firing a barrage of questions in my direction. Hepatitis, malaria, epilepsy, diabetes, blood disease, cancer, medication, recent illness, ear piercing, electrolysis, read these facts about AIDS please, next donor.... After this whirlwind I realized I had answered 'no' to every question and had been herded into another line.

WUTMOUHT

100/0

discount for students

on corsages and aU your floral needs!

(except holidays)

Belt. and Frank Quinn • Ownera 50 Westmounl Plac. Wat.,'oo. Ontario N2L 2R5

(519) 886-6410

Now the fun really started. A nurse pricked my finger and I think took a sample of blood. I chose not to watch. She decided I was type '0' (positive/negative to be determined in the lab) and I lined up again. Here another volunteer pointed you to empty beds. And sure enough there was Jone for me. By this time I had gotten acquainted with my fellow donors in line, so I felt I was among friends. Lying down was easy. So was rolling up my sleeve. Then I got frightened.

Would 'it hurt? What if I fainted? What if they took too much and I died right here in the CC, turnkeys and all?

Then another friendly white­capped wonder took over and asked if I was a first timer. I assured her that I was. Or maybe the look on my face did. She wrapped a blood­pressure type band around my arm, pumped it up and quickly and almost painlessly inserted the needle.

I lay that way for what seemed a long time, at least longer than everyone else. My cot-mates changed twice before my needle was taken out and the mixing machine turned off.

rn by Niall Fraser

Management Sciences

An undergraduate student in _engineering can eam money doing useful research by applying for an Undergraduate Research Assistantship (URA). A URA is a job the student works for 60 hours over the term on a project for a particular professor, for a renumeration of $600.' The project is chosen to be of interest to both the student and the professor, and can usually be done as the student has time available. It could be working in the lab, writing a computer program, or getting information from the library. Whatever the project is, the experience can be quite valuable.

Engineers by Helen MacIntyre -

Student Vocational Advisor

The SV A program has finally arrived in the Engineering faculty. As a means of satisfying the demand for an SVA in this department, Derrick Chua and Helen MacIntyre have set up office hours in the Orifice, Carl Pollock Hall room 1327.

The Student Vocational Advisor program is designed to assist students in all areas of job searching whether it be a co-op, summer or full-time job. The volunteers are trained by Career Services to give

The nurse told me to sit up and asked how I felt. I felt fine, so I was congratulated, thanked and led by the ann to the resting area. Here

giving blood was so social

another little old lady fussed over me and propped me up with pillows. I met a few more people while I was recovering. I'd never realized that giving blood was so social. After 5 minutes of lying down and 5 minutes of sitting up (and more fussing) I was sent to another area where the waitress took my order. I opted for the McDonald's orange drink and oatmeal chocolate chip cookies. It

worthwhile. The whole experience took about an hour and the only part that hurt was the first pin prick to analyze the blood type. Considering the nurses had been there since 10 a.m. they were remarkably friendly and reassuring.

If you have the gift of healthy blood, why not share it? It makes you feel good and what's more, it's no skin off your arm ...

Thanks! by Arun Lal

Charities Director

was almost like going home to Thank you to all the bleeders who Mom for the weekend. My fellow d . f h diners were interested that it was onated a PlOt 0 t eir vital bodily

fluid at the Blood Donor Clinic on my first time and congratulated me. Monday, January 23rd. The blood I assured them that I felt fine (I was letting filled empty coffers to the getting really good at it by now) and tune of 335 units, 35 beyond our that the only drawback I had goal. The event was covered by suffered was missing The Young several radio and television stations. and the Restless. ' So, nice going Waterloo!

I went home feeling very proud of .... ____________ ... myself and that I had made the day, the week and the month

And Earn URAs are usually awarded to

students with good grades of 80% or above. However, it is possible for a student with average grades to receive one if there is strong support by a professor for the particular student. The individual professor actually pays the student's stipend, usually from a research grant. The URA is a mechanism for recognizing those students who are qualified to perform research work.

It is up to the student to find a supervisor. A list of professors interested in sponsoring a URA is available at the beginning of each term. However, professors not on this list are often just as likely to support a URA. Many URAs are arran~ed bv students simDly approaching 'a professor that they

Now -Get

advice on resumes, cover letters and interview skills. They also serve as a valuable resource to inform students about what is available at Career Services and the Career Resource Centte.

know is working in an area of interest to them. The professors usually respond very well to students who are enthusiastic about the professors' research areas.

There is no limit to the number of URAs available in a particular term. It all depends on whether there are appropriate matches between eligible students and interested professors. In the Winter 1989 term, about 37 URAs have been awarded.

The appropriate forms for the URA are available from the Management Sciences main office, CPR 4305. (Applications are no longer accepted for the Winter, 1989 term.) Any questions about URAs can be directed to Professor Niall Fraser, Management Sciences, CPH 4323, ext. 3291.

Help

If you have any questions or concerns about you job search, please drop by the SVA office (CPH 1327) during the following times: Derrick - Monday 1:30-3:00; Helen - Tuesday 1 :00-2:30.

February 3, 1989 Iron Warrior 5

SPACENEWS Vol. 1, No.3.

EDITOR'S COLUMN

Welcome to the third issue of SPACENEWS, a bimonthly report on space news and technology for Canadian engineering students.

The purpose of the newsletter is to provide a forum for students across Cana­da to share information on space related activities. In this issue, there is an over­view of the U of T SEDS group. There is also a report on U of W's newly formed CASI student branch.

I encourage students, professors and researchers to submit articles to share with others. Below are some further low cost references on space.

Enjoy!

Yuri Quintana. Systems Design Eng. MaSc'89 (Waterloo)

Mars Anyone?

Mission to Mars is an article by Micheal Collins (former astronaut) on a flight scenario for Mars. It appeared in National Geographic magazine in Nov. 1988. TIME magazine also has a scenario for Mars in the July 18, 1988 issue.

TV Ontario on Space

TV Ontario is offering a comprehen­sive TV course on space. Programs clarify how we get into space and work there, how we profit or lose, and what the space experience means to us. The 400 page .course handbook The Spa"U Experknce can- be purchased for $20 by calling 1-800-387-1952 ext.24 (in Toronto call 231-4249 ext.24).

. \

In The Next Issue ...

An article on the Canadian Astronaut Pro­gram !

SPACENEWS is a bimonthly Canadian publication on space news and tcdmology. Although every efTort is made to en.c;ure accuracy, SPACENEWS is not responsible for any inac:c:uracies or omissi 0 n.... All material rc:c:eind becomes property of SPACENEWS and the editor reserves the right to edit and print it. Opinions expressed in articles are those of the authors. © Copyright 1988 by Yuri Quintana. All correspondence should be mailed to SPACENEWS, 455 Regency Crescent, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, N2T I P2. Editor-in-Chid: Yuri ·Quintana Faculty Editors: Dr. G.L. Greig (University of Waterloo),

S'K

RADARSAT - Canada's View of the World A Satellite for All Seasons

Canada is leading the development of RADARS A T, a sophisticated satellite cheduled for launch in 1994.

. RADARSA T will the most advanced satellite of its kind. Its outstanding fea­ture is a Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), a powerful microwave instru­ment that can transmit and receive sig­nals that see through clouds and dark­ness. RADARSAT is a Canadian-led project involving the United States, sev­eral provinces and the private sector.

From almost 800 kilometers above the earth, the satellite wi1l circle the globe from pole to pole, scanning the entire surface in 500 kilometer-wide swaths and producing high resolution images of the earth's lands and oceans. The satellite will cover most of Canada every 72 hours, and the Artic every 24 hours. Canada will have secure access to it. Processed and interpreted information will be available only a few hours after RADARSAT passes over an area.

Canadian Astronaut V· • •

Canadian aSlIOnaut Bjarni Tryggvason was at the University of Waterloo on Jan 12, 1989, to address the newly formed U of W CASI (Canadian Aeronautics and Space Institute) student

Canada's North

RADARSA T will be able to detect strengths and weakenesscs in ice. It will be invaluable in plotting the easiest cour-es for ships and icebreakers. The move­

ment of ships and their tracks through the ice can also be monilOred by RADARS AT. Daily surveillance of the Artic waters and islands will enhance Canada's claim to Artic sovereignty.

The Oceans

RADARS A T will be able to meas­ure ocean winds and waves. This will improve sea weather forcasts. The added capability to detect oil spills on all three of our oceans will be particularly useful as Canada moves toward exploiting energy resources in the North.

Resource Management

This stereoscopic SAR imagery will point out geological differences and help identify potentia) mining sites.

branch. The purpose of the branch is to establish a "space" presence on campus, a presence which U of W has been lack­ing.

In his speech, TryggvB)ll encour­aged scientists and engineers to take a

~greater responsibility in educating the public and politicians as to the impor­lance of science and engineering. He noted that most politicians are not tech­nicians and this may be th reason why

\

U. ofT. SEDS' In 1980, an ambitious MIT mirco­

biology student, Petec Diamandis was frustrated by the degeneration of the U.S. space program. After gaining support of some of his peers on the MIT and Princeton campuses, the Students for the Exploration and Development of Space (SEDS) was born.

When an appeal was made in 1981 to students in a leuer to the editor of OMNl magazine, the SEDS office was inundated with letters of support from across the nation. One of the respondents was a Canadian, Bob Richards, who sug­gested that the SEDS concept be expand­ed to encompass other countries. The establishment of SEDS Canada made it the first international chapter of SEDS.

Dr. David C. Webb, World Chair­man of the Unispace '82 (UN Confer­ence on Peaceful Uses of Outer Space) invited SEDS to make a presentation at the upcoming conference in Vienna, Austria. The paper entitled "Internation­al Student Cooperation in Space" was received with support from many people, including Arthur C. Clark.

The formative years of SEDS saw the creation of a renowned Advisory Board, an Alumni Board, a Space Schol­arship Program, Lhe Arthur C. CLark Award for Space Education, affiliations .... ith other major space societies. confer­ences, symposiums, and the ongoing activities of SEDS chapters.

In 1987, SEDS continues to grow an evolve. Operating with a core of about 35 Chapters in the United States and Canada, SEDS constitutes a focus for thousands of young people, future leaders, who are determined to play a significant role in . pioneering the space frontier.

A branch of SEDS is located at the University Toronto. They hold regular meetings and have a newsletter. The also organize lectures and trips LO space con­ferences.

Reprinted with Permission From

SEDS Canada, Vol. I, No.1.

For more Information, contact

U ofT SEDS, P.O. Box 159

Station A, Toronto,

Ontario, MSW 182.

RADARSA T will be able to make regular observations of time dependent phenomena such as crop growth. It will also be able 10 monitor soil moisture and plant condition .

The Payoff

The economic benefits will also be substantial. The development and opera­tion of thi system is expected to gener­ate 10,000 person years of employment in Canada and provide more than $1 bil­lion in benefits to the Canadian private and public sectors. Thus, Canadian industry should be a leader in the world market for radar data and services into the 21st century - a market that is expect­ed to account for 30 percent of world­wide space business by the year 2000.

Reprinted with permission from the Canadian

Space Program.

the country lack's a science policy.

The CASI branch is sponsored by a grant from COMDEV, a world leader in the satellite communicati y . he CASI student branch plans to hold a series of lectures and activities at UW.

For more Information on the UW CASI branch,

wrll to AS1, c/o F..njtln rlllK S. I Iy om , ('1'H·1327, Unlvt'rslly {)( Waterloo, W.ttr.

Ioa,Ontarlo.

World News U.S.A.

NASA plans to have 7 shuttle mis­sions in 1989. Among them:

April - Magellan : A probe 10 Venus that will map the planet surface in detail.

October - Galilco : A spacecraft to J upilCr to study the planet's moons and drop a probe into lhe atmosphere.

December • Hubble Space Tele­scope : One of the largest tele­scopes in the world will be put in orbit to study the stars.

U.S.S.R.

The U.S.S.R. has lost contact with Phobos 1, a spacecraft bound for Mars. An accidental command shut off the gui­dance sensor. As a result, the craft was unable to orient the solar panels and the craft lost power to operate. Phobos 2, a second Soviet probe, has just reached Mars and will photograph the surface.

6 Iron Warrior

We will be interviewing on campus for co-op students Wednesday, February 15,1989. See your Co-op Placement Office

for more details.

We are an equal opportunity employer.

February 3, 1989

I

February 3, 1989 ...

Iron Warrior

"It's hard to believe that I am one of the first in the H10rld to write software for a major new operating system."

- Jim Borilz, B.Math , Waterloo' 88 Software Design Intern

"My assignment was to help verify that a new, state o~ the art, OS/2 Local Area Network Management product could stand up under demanding conditions, and to point out, describe, and reproduce all problems and trouble spots encountered. This involved writing multitasking C language programs to stress various parts of the LAN system and analyze the results."

- Rick Hil!, B.Math, Waterloo' 89 Software Design Co-op

"I started work on a Dialog editor for Excel-it -shipped two months later. It's that kind of challenge and responsibility that makes Microsoft a great place to work. When you throw in the people, the mountains, and sailing, it's a great place to play!"

Toby Walker, B.Math, Waterloo '88; M.S.C.S. Univ..ersity of Toronto :90 Software Design Co-op

"At Microsoft, you don't feel like 'ju t a umlllcr intern' or 'just a co-op.' You feel like you belong and are on par with the regular employees. Th y always include you. While it is true that people around herc work hard, they play hard. too! The weekly golf-putt around building 3, product ship parties, and the co-op/Bill Gates parties are only a few of the great activities at Microsoft."

- Gayla Boritz. B. Math ' 87; B.A. Psychology '90 Waterloo Software Design Co-op

"Microsoft management is great. You have lots of say in when you want to work, what you work on, and how it should be done."

- Stephen Smith, B.Math, Waterloo' 89 Sojiware Design Co-op

"I came to Microsoft because I realized that I could spend the rest of my .life at some company working with Microsoft tools ... or I could come to Microsoft and write the tools that other people are going to be using. At Microsoft, you know that your work will make a difference."

- Rico Mariani, B.Math, Waterloo '88 Software Design Engineer

"The Waterloo alumni at Microsoft, of which there are MANY, are a close­knit group. We have had WATPUBS almost every Thursday for the past five years. The W ATPUBS are attended by both Waterloo and non-Waterloo people, so they are a great way to meet other people in the company."

- Lee Acton, B.Math, Waterloo '84 Software Design Engineer ..

7

®

8 Iron Warrior February 3, 1989

CCES Goes to TUNS The Twenty-first Congress of

Canadian Engineering Students was a conference held annually to unite the thirty-nine engineering schools across the country.

This year's assembly, from January 3rd to 8th, took place in Halifax, hosted by the Technical University of Nova Scotia. The balmy maritime weather of minus thirteen degrees Celsius and blowing wind was set against the indoor extrava:ganza of daily seminars, speakers, panel discussions, executive reports , workshops and tours.

The conference theme was "The High Tech Future of Engineering" ; with a plethora of topics from every · engineering discipline. Prestigious engineers spoke on subjects ranging from "Petroleum: The Sunset Never Comes" to "Economics, Environment, Engineering, and Ethics" to "Visions of the Future from a Spaced Out Engineer". However, daylight was a phenomenon unknown to some among us, as the TUNS organizers provided a bar map of Halifax, as well as evenings of 'comedy', a pub crawl, a dance, and hotel hallways to party in. Read on.

Northumberland by Laurie Litwack

38 Electrical Vice-President

In true Canadian tradition, the concept of a fixed link from Prince Edward Island to the mainland has been debated for over one hundred years. Thirteen kilometres of treacherous water, known as the Northumberland Strait, separates Cape Tormentine, New Brunswick from Borden, Prince Edward Island.

In 1873, Prince Edward Island joined Confederation to assure secure communication and transportation to the mainland. A signator, Senator George Howland advocated an efficient, innovative system of transportation, and proposed a tunnel railway under the strait. In the 1890's, a serious investigation into a tunnel link produced detailed plans and blueprints; the government however, opted for a ferry service.

Strait After a seven decade lull, plans for a bridge were drawn up in the 1960's; improvements and increased funding for the ferry resu1ted.

thirteen kilo.meters

of treacherous water

In the 80's, the English Channel tunnel, the Seacam in Japan, and escalating costs of the ferry service prompted submission to the federal government, of proposals for two bridges and one tunnel. As a consequence, a feasibility study was undertaken on the tc<.;hnological, environmental, and social effects of a fixed link.

.loin the flock! G

Fed Elections

An Election Forum for the Presidential and Vice Presidential

Candidates will be held

Wednesday February B 11 :30 A.M.

CPH Foyer

Engrneering Poll: CPH Foyer February 14 and 15

, . . , -.. .. 1ft- •• ,. ~(.) .. , . '- .. ~ ...

; , ":'. ..

Crossing The link would benefit all

commercial transportation and personal travel, while creating an upheaval in the islanders' way of life. Once the link was complete, many jobs would be lost from the ferry service, ' requiring retraining and early retirement programs. A thirty percent increase in tourism was predicted, with corresponding impact on the island's roads and transportation systems, since traffic growth parallels economic growth. A bridge or tunnel would reduce the

creating an upheaval in the islander's way of life

crossing time from 100 minutes by ferry, to a mere 15 minutes, without waiting for a scheduled ferry trip . Technical concerns concentrated on the natural elements, problems of icy surfaces over the long winter, and possible harm to the fishing industry.

To examine real life models, a committee of the Northumberland Strait Crossing Project visited similar projects in Canada and Scandinavia. In the Straits of Mackinaw, where the small town environment and the weather conditions mirror Borden and the Northumberland Strait, it was found that the bridge provided a catalyst for development and tourism. There are now more motel rooms than inhabitants.

Project Canadian industry was offered the

challenge of developing the fixed link within a plan addressing the environmental, technical, financial, and long. term management aspects of this significant undertaking. Overall, the cost of the project could not exceed the subsidy to the ferry service now in place. Financing arrangements, level of government participation necessary , and long term liabilities must be examined. Proposals must predict marine, terrestrial, and socio-economic impacts, and provide monitoring and compensation plans . The project must be all-Canadian, while maximizing the maritime regional industrial benefits.

A total of seven designs were tendered. All three which met the stringent standards were bridges, though the tunnel failed for non­technical reasons. The structure, whether a bridge or a tunnel, requires no new technical innovations; it will be built on a bedrock of siltstone and sandstone, over thirteen kilometres, with a maximum depth of thirty metres. No causeway is permitted due to its effect on the fishing industry. The cost estimate is $700 million, with a subsidy less that allotted to the ferry service. All the 'price bids must be in by 1990 and the bridge is scheduled for operation in 1994.

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Halifax Comes to by Jorge Serrador

2A Systems Design Treasurer

The 21 st Conference of the Canadian Congress of Engineering Students (CCES) certainly had many facets but only one could be seen at night. , The ,conference which took place In Hahfax, Nova Scotia, was one of th~ mos,t entertaining weeks of my u~lV~rSlty carrer. I know, you're ~hmkl~g what could be happening In HalIfax? Well, it certainily turned out to be a most exciting and entertaining city. Or at least what I remember of it.

What could be happening in Halifax?

The first night began with our arrival at Halifax Airport in the afternoon. We were quickly whisked to our hotel to check in and then report to the Hospitality Suite. Being Waterloo delegates we were quick to respond' and quickly drank what beer we could get our hands on. Unfortunately they ran out of beer after about an hour and a half. This caused much dismay to the Entertainment Director, Keith, who had thought the beer would last about three hours.

We had dinner and then proceeded to party in the hallways of the hotel. The hotel had been smart enough to reserve the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th flours exclusively for delegates while leaving the 5th floor empty. This allowed for a good time for all before the "Ice Breaker Dance." This event was a good way to meet people and have some fun, but it seemed to lack the excitement of the previous events. So, around 11 pm, the engineers from Ecole Poly technique and I went to check out the local bars. We roamed through the slanted streets of Halifax in search of Rosie's, a bar that the hotel staff told us about. We proceeded to drink ourselves silly while plastering the area with Waterloo stickers. At first, some of

We roamed the slanted streets in search of Rosie's.

the French speaking engineers and I were having trouble communicating, but by the end of the night there was certainly no problem. Or at least I don't remember a problem.

Apart from waking up for the 9 am workshops, the next day went fine. But to get back .to the important stuff that happened at night: The second night was Comic Relief night at the Technical University of Nova Scotia (TIJNS). This was located in the T-Room, a bar that was a combination of the Bombshelter and P.O.E.T.S. Most of the delegates managed to make it

there before the comedians came on and so had ample opportunity to sample the amber elixer that was available. In other words, they got completely pis ed.

This provided for a rather interesting evening when the emcee introduced the first comedian to a room filled with 150 drunk engineers who were not in an intellectual mood. The first comedian fended off hecklers and tried to keep a lot of drunken engineers from rushing the stage. He soon found the crowd responded well to his crudest and rawest jokes along with ample supplies of vulgar insults,

The second fared a bit better than the first because of his lively style which went well with the utterly intoxicated crowd. His only mistake was to ask the Queen's engineers to come up on the stage. This resulted in a mass of tangled bodies of Queen's engineers (none of which were female). Luckily for TUNS the comic was able to defuse the situation and the' evening of joyous heckling continued. The rest of the evening was a blur. Suffice to say that I woke up in my bed the next morning.

Unfortunately, due to the most exciting night before, I slept through the tour. Thursday night

150 drunk engineers

was a free I;.:.~ht with an optional "Pub Crawl" e.-ding at 11 Rosey's. The Waterloo Delegates decided to go out for seafood (which was excellent) and missed the Pub Crawl, but we did catch up with the rest of the conference at JJ Rosey's : where draft was 50 cents a glass. )

At around midnight the bar closed : down and they kicked everyone

out. In shock we moved to Rosie's to continue the party. Again the sticker contest continued between chools. I am proud to say with a

little help from the University of British Columbia (UBC) engineers Waterloo wa easily able to gain the upper hand. After several hours of merrymaking, closing hour came upon u and once again we moved. We found ourselves back at the

at JJ Rosey's draft was 50 cents a glass

Hotel where we found the halls made great party rooms. All in all, it was a quiet night. The hotel management only warned us three times that we were making too much noise.

Again I found myself in bed the next morning. Unfortunately, I had missed a workshop. Oh well, the sacrifice that must be made when trying to experience all facets of a conference. Now we had finally reached the second last night of the conference and the delegates were ready to party (especially the ones that had not made it to many of the nightly events). This night we returned to the T-Room at TUNS for a live band by the name of "Amos". This turned out to be quite an exciting evening with a onga line forming and a good time being had by all.

Continuing to plaster stickers all over, I decided to place a sticker on the bar. Later on in the evening when I returned to the bar for another drink I saw that the bar had several stickers from different universities on it. After talking to the other Waterloo delegates we decided to start a new tradition at the CCES conferences. We started to collect stickers from the different universities at the conference.

9

Life Back at the T -Room, the UBC

engineers were having a hospatlity uite with free lobster and beer. I

could not pass up this opportunity and jumped into the free for all to try to get my piece.

Waking up the next morning, J found I not only had a hangover but I had lost my voice. This proved to be a bit of a pain during the sessions that day. This was the final night of the conference and we still hadn't been kicked out of our hotel. This meant it was time to party it up.

At the Fornlal Closing Banquet we were able to present to the Entertainment Director, Keith, the stickers of the universities at the conference so that he could place them on the bar in the T-Room to remember all the universities that had visited during the 21st CCES.

"Hip ' flop Happenin" time

After the banquet we had the "Lip Sync" competition in the Hotel. This turned out to be one of the most entertaining evenings of the conference. Most of the universities put on quite the amazing show and everyone had a "Hip Hop Happenin" time. After this the party continued throughout the hotel long into the morning as everyone said goodbye to their many new friends.

This conference was not only an entertaining week for all the delegates but a chance to meet engine 'rs from schools nil aeros. Canada and to exchange ideas. It gave the delegates a chance to see what other nginccrs w re up to and mad' for a lot of n 'w friendships. In the end I am slire that all the delegates went away with many good memories and new ideas from this conference.

I •

....

10 Iron Warrior

I

About Bill companies that bought Microsoft BASIC went under quickly, but eventually some committed companies such as Commodore, Radio Shack, Atari and IBM switched from using their own proprietary software to Microsoft BASIC. This was the start of a Microsoft quest for standardization.

by Ted Timar 3A Computer

On Friday January 20, I had the opportunity to have dinner with Bill Gates, the world's youngest billionaire, and chairman and founder of Microsoft Corporation, now the largest software company in the world. Mr. Gates, "Bill" to his employees, has had many interesting experiences in getting to where he is today.

A lthough he had wealthy parents (Bill's father is a senior partner in a large US law firm), Bill earned all of his money himself. In grade 10, he and a good friend, Paul Allen, started Traf-O-Data, a company which used .computers to gather statistical data on traffic. Later, they built microcontroller based elevator controllers. Previously, all elevators had used relatively simple but poor hardwired algorithms to decide where an elevator should go based on which buttons were pushed. They sold their Intel 8008 based controller to the Otis elevator company. Otis only used it for a year before scrapping it and building one of their own. Traf-O­Data was only a small interest. As Bill said, "In our best year, we only saw about $100,000. But in tenth grade that was a lot of money."

Even then, Bill and Paul foresaw a computer revolution. Nonetheless, they went to Harvard, where Bill studied law. He and Paul found Boston very depressing because they were unused to the cold weather.

In the middle of their second year, 1974, while walking across

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Harvard Square, they saw, on the cover of Popular Electronics magazine, a picture of the MITS Altair 8800, the first "home computer". This depressed Bill and Paul even more. "We foresaw the computer revolution, and now it was happening without us." At the end of that tenn, they left Harvard and went to work for MITS.

After a short time at MITS, Bill and Paul found that it was not really "fun" to work there. They decided to form their own company. Microsoft was the first independent software company in the world.

Bill and Paul founded Microsoft in 1975. They stated two goals for Microsoft. The first was, "A computer on every desk and in every home running Microsoft software." The other was "to provide an environment in which software development is fun".

At first, Bill and Paul wrote interpreters for the BASIC language. Most of the first fifteen

When Apple was first designing the Macintosh, they looked to Microsoft as a software developer. Microsoft, liking the innovative (for the personal computer market) window-driven user interface, decided to write software for it. This resulted in a strong relationship. By the time the Mac

A Viewer's Opinion b Y Zark~ Draganic

38 Systems Design

On January 20th, 1989, the Theatre for the Arts was jammed with people anxiously awaiting the appearance of William Gates, chairman of Microsoft Corporation. Invited by the Waterloo Computer Science club to stop by UW on his way back from Europe, the multi­millionaire corporate pioneer arri ved, casually dressed, somewhat nervous, but collected.

From a man with such incredible achievements, reputation, and net worth, we expected alot. We expected to hear a presentation with great technological value. We expected to hear fascinating insights, ideas, and visions into the future. We expected to hear hints of development that will change the world. We expected a coherent, professionally presented speech.

We received none of the above. For the first hour, Mr. Gates

discussed his impressions of microcomputer history. From the beginning, " ... the invention of techniques that allow lots and lots of transistors to be stuck onto a chip ... ", on to the invention of microprocessors, price decreases, BASIC interpreters, 4K memories, 8-bit micro manufacturers, audio cassettes and floppy disks, on to the glorious IBM-PC.

So far, so good. One hour of nothing we didn't already know. This hour was probably worth several thousand dollars of Mr. Gates' time. Unfortunately a T.A. for an introductory computing course could have given us the same old rap.

But if it were a T.A. speaking, at least the people who got up and left wouldn't have felt so bad.

I was able to suppress dozing off by trying to follow the haphazard monologue. In one particular example, his ideas ranged from abstract concepts of computer architecture to "getting a 24-bit address by treating the segment register through a level of indirection (which is actually not that good)" .

The "high point" of Mr. Gates' presentation came when he started evangelizing OS/2 and discussing its superiority to Unix and the Macintosh operating system. What this came down to was no more than raw marketing propaganda for Microsoft and IBM, with no technical foundation whatsoever.

his fatal flaw is that he does not have a "bigger picture" of the world

How could anyone have the nerve to tout the Presentation Manager as an original "great user interface" and OS/2 "Optimized to run in the desktop environment", with a "very rigid design". Where has Mr. Gates been for the past five years? This technology exists in a very stable and popular form. Instead of acknowledging this, he implied in contrast, that because Apple does not license Macintosh technology to other manufacturers, the Mac "cannot exist in enough volume to really get great software done for the machine". The fact is, Apple has had the technology for years, and it is the beauty and exclusiveness of that technology that makes Apple unique.

Mr. Gates did not hesitate to point out that Microsoft products for the Macintosh sell well. But the warped

February 3, 1989

was released, Microsoft was able to release a spreadsheet and a word­processor for it. This strong partnership lasts today, with Microsoft products at the top of the Mac best-selling list.

Microsoft found that between MS­DOS, which many other companies were buying, and XENIX, a Unix look-alike developed by Microsoft, they had set the standards for the 16 bit operating systems. This was the first time that people could buy any vendor's computer and still run the same binary software.

In January, 1988, Apple, feeling that they were losing control of the graphical user interface market that they had pioneered, decided to sue Microsoft. That lawsuit is one of Bill's most pressing current concerns, though he rarely mentions it. While Microsoft is unlikely to lose the suit outright, the compensation that they may be asked to pay to Apple could cut Microsoft's not too insignificant profits.

In 1985, Microsoft made $140 million revenue. In 1986, Microsoft made $200 million, a 40% increase . .. Since then, Microsoft revenues have increased at about 75% per year.

attitude of Microsoft even shows through at this level. Microsoft products are user-hostile and violate many aspects of the Macintosh User and Toolbox interface guidelines. Unfortunately Microsoft has the power to build empires.

The Macintosh, in my opinion, has a better user interface and application software standard than any OS/2 system will ever have. Talk to anyone in the MacBooth or MacAnnex and you will witness the magic of the Macintosh. And with the recently announced price drop, this machine is affordable and will soon be more ubiquitous than ever. A ten minute hands-on session with a Macintosh is a better "sell" for the Mac than Mr. Gates could ever make for OS/2 by explaining its modular mouse keyboard drivers.

I left the hall with an impression of Bill Gates. He is an amazing computer programmer, a wizard extrordinaire. But his fatal flaw is that he does not have a "bigger picture" of the world. He sees Microsoft and IBM; not much else is important because it does not bring significant revenue to Microsoft. He does not see users as people, or as engineers creatively solving problems, but as faceless nodes on a network which will pay more to have mice, windows and menus thrown on their desktop. It is critical to realize the need for integrating man and machine in the simplest and most elegant manner. This need has long been addressed by one company. I know what my choice is.

All in all, despite aroused emotions, this session proved educational. I hope other distinguished guests will visit Waterloo and share their challenging opinions with us.

The opinions presented are solely those of the author.

February 3, 1989 Iron fVarrior 11

Self-Degrading Plastics polyester is extracted and purified creating a completely natural and biodegradable product. The manufacturers claim the end products of the degradation of this plastic are carbon dioxide and water.

by Todd Ruthman 2A Systems Design

Try and think of all the plastic products you use every day, every week, even once a year. Now estimate how many of those you regularly toss in the trash. It's not hard to realize how large an environmental problem plastic waste is and why there is so much current interest in reducing the volume of plastic discarded each year.

There are basically three ways to accomplish this reduction. The first is to stop using plastics, or at least use less of them. This is referred to as source reduction and involves the conscientious management of plastics by both industry and the consumer (Do you really need five baggies in your lunch?). The second method is recycling all that is recyclable. Society in general is slowly shifting towards this kind of mentality. The last method, which is the topic of this article, is to make the plastics degradable.

if it disappears it ceases to be a garbage problem

All materials will eventually decompose, returning to their natural state. Dead trees release

~~-eI'...,""'''''fti·lft'Xide, animals become fertilizer and iron rusts away. Plastic is no different. The problem is that it takes a long time. A plastic jug could take up to 400 years or more to degrade completely. Some effort, therefore, has been made to speed up the natural process. After all, if it disappears after use it ceases to be a garbage problem.

Several techniques have been developed to make plastic degrade quicker than it would normally.

These methods can be divided into two fundamental categories. There are photodegradable plastics and there are biodegradable plastics. Both these techniques overcome the primary problem of breaking the long molecule chains that constitute plastic into significantly smaller chains which are more manageable by nature.

Of the two methods, there has been more success with photodegradable products. These plastics will degrade when exposed to ultraviolet (UV) light. The sun's UV radiation generally does not affect the polymers that make up plastic. Manufactured plastics, however, usually have some defects which are susceptible to the radiation and this can cause the plastic to become brittle. UV­stabilizers are added during production to prevent this from occurring. With photodegradable plastics, this UV sensitivity is designed in rather than designed

.ooout..'i Chemical additives are mixed into

the plastics to encourage photodegradation. The type of chemical depends on the application. Carbon dioxide and ketone-carbonyl groups are two examples. Carbonyl groups, for example, absorb UV radiation and this causes the plastic's molecules to break at certai poin. hen the molecule chains get sma)) enough, natural biodegradation is supposed to take over. A photodegradable plastic bag littered outside would slowly weaken and the wind and rain would eventually scatter its minute particles to the four corners of the globe.

A subset of photodegradation is photo-initiated oxidation. This type of product begins degrading in the sunlight but will continue decomposing in the dark, when it's

buried in a landfill. This would be more appropriate for garbage bags than pure photodegradation would be, but photodegradation ha its uses as well.

It was mentioned above that natural biodegradation is supposed to finish the job once photodegradation has broken the long chain polymer molecules into small enough pieces. There have

microorganisms like small lunches

been successes in developing some plastics which use biodegradation to achieve the entire process. When something is consumed by microorganisms, it is said to have biodegraded. The problem is that microorganisms like small lunches. If polyethylene were a pie, for example, it would have to be cut into over 40 slices before microorganisms would find it edible. Plastics aren't usually so accommodating.

There are currently two methods of manufacturing biodegradable plastics. The first is to, once again, mix the plastic with a biodegradable material. For example, one such product is made using starch and an unsaturated ester (eg. com oil). The starch is consumed by microbes, leaving holes in the product. Metal salts in the earth then react with the ester, creating peroxides, and breaking down the plastic further.

The second method sounds more interesting, but whether or not it is more effective is another matter entirely. The product is called PHBV (poly[3-hydroxybutyrate-3 hydrooxyvalerate]) and it is farmed from a natural bacteria called Alcaligenes eutrophus. The bacteria produces the plastic when it is fermented on sugars. This raw

Despite many available products and the political pressure for manufacturers to begin using them (at last count,13 states in the US require that six-pack loop carriers be degradable), many questions and concerns have been raised by interested parties such as environmental groups. The end products of degradable plastic and the environmental impact of some of the additives used are not very well understood. Many groups have voiced concern that the new products will be used before comprehensive tests have been perfonned.

Retailers are worried about the effect the new plastics will have on the shelf life of their wares, although photodegradables are supposedly safe behind glass. Others are concerned over the possible contamination of food stored in degradable plastic containers.

There will also be an effect on the recycling industry. It has been shown that if any degradable plastic gets into a batch of standard plastics to be recycled, the entire batch will be contaminated and the reliablity of the fin al prod uct will be questionable. You wouldn't want your water pipes to disintegrate, would you?'

Another factor to be considered is the time required to degrade. Manufacturer claims vary from 3 months to 6 years and beyond. Still, it is definu ly better than 400 years!

The only thing that can be safely aid about degradable plastics is that

more test and research should be done on the products. The problem with that kind of statement, however, is that such tests could go on forever.

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12 Iron Warrior

South Africa: The People

South Africa is a country with a very large and convoluted history.

. Over the past few centuries, people from various countries, including Britain, Holland, Germany and France have colonized South Africa.

The people who now inhabit the country are grouped into four major categories: Black, White, Coloured, and Indian. All of these major groups can further be divided into distinct groups.

Most whites speak one of the two official languages, either Afrikans (originating from Dutch, German, and French) or English. Coloureds are people of mixed black, white, and Asian heritage. All people of Asian origin are grouped into the Indian population, although the majority of these people are of East Indian origin.

Blacks, who make up the majority of the South African population, actually originate from many different tribes. Each tribe speaks its own language and has its own unique governmental, political and social system. The South African government recognizes ten groups of blacks, based on location and

South South Africa: The Fight Against Apartheid by Lynda Wilson

3B Systems Design From headlines in Canadian

newspapers, one would almost believe that the population of South Africa consisted of abused Blacks and bigoted Whites. This is far from the truth. While some South African whites are prejudiced against non-whites, and some blacks are unjustly victimized, there are whites actively protesting apartheid, and other whites who would like to make their stand but are afraid to. There are blacks who kill people of any colour, blacks who are indifferent to apartheid, and blacks who are successful businessmen. Then there are Coloureds and Indians who are often caught in the middle.

While Canada and other countries put the pressure on from the outside, South Africa is changing from the inside. The change appears to be coming from many different directions at once: the South African government, the private sector, and society.

South Africa is changing from the inside

ttibal origins. Many blacks in South The government has lifted Afri.ca~ •• ·I;."~.~d restrictions such as labour and live in one of the ten national preference policies and policies states (homelands). Approximately which prevent members of one one quarter of the black South population group from establishing Africans live in urban areas. businesses in the group area of

South African Population, 1985

Whites: 4. S million Coloured.: 2.8 million Indians: 0.8 million Blaeks: .2 3.4 milUon The black population consists of: Shangaan· . Tson,..: 1.1 ~u: 6.4 Xhosas: 6.2 North Sothos: 2.9 South Sothos: 1.9 Tsw.anas: 2.9 Swazis: 1.0 Ndebeles: 0.44

Vendas: 0.52

million million million million million million million million million

another. Black influx control measures have been replaced by a policy of orderly urbanisation; blacks no longer need a pass to be in a certain area, but are not allowed to reside in certain areas (nor may any other population group reside in another group's area). A Wage Board enforces minimum wages lnd the government has . mplemen ted job creation programmes, Black urban area upgrading and self-build housing projects.

Restrictions on residential areas still exist in South Africa. People from one population group may not own property in areas designated for another population group. There

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Sun City, a gambling resort located in the independent state of Bophuthaswana, was the focus of a popular song in 1985. are many blacks who live in White suburban areas, in servants quarters of their employers' properties. These people generally work as live in house-keepers and grounds­keepers. Some regions have set up multi-racial communities, in which people of any population group may live.

The abolishment of the need for passes has induced a large influx of black people from homelands and rural regions to major urban centres. In the first six months of 1988, at least 60 thousand people poured into Durban alone, looking for work. These people set up "house" in squatters camps on the city's edge. Unfortunately there is not enough work for all of them in the cities, and many will return to their homes.

Education is another area in which progress, although slow, is being made. Education is compulsory, and by 1986, nearly 80% of school age children were in school. Education remains segregated at the primary and secondary levels in order to maintain the culture and language of the students, but standards have been set up which assure that the quality of education is comparable. Tertiary education is no longer specifically segregated in South Africa. Black Universities

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• •

February 3, 1989

exist, and previous1y white-only universities now accept black students. Private secondary school institutions have always been allowed to enroll students of any colour, but wen;, subsidized on a white student basis. Today, about 10% of students enrolled in private institutions are black, and one school has a 30% black population. The black students at these schools are treated as equals in all respects. While the level of education of Coloured, Indian and Black students today is lower than that of white students, a strong effort is being made to provide classrooms, qualified teachers and lx>oks for the still-growing number of non-white students.

As more and more Blacks are becoming better educated, they are becoming more dominant in private sector businesses. Many companies hire blacks in high level positions now. They have also recognized that their market is now black dominated, and have geared their advertising campaigns towards blacks. At Christmas time this year, many companies, such as the Perm, offered peace and goodwill "to our entire family of South Africans" and presented pictures of people of all colours enjoying life together.

advertising campaigns are aimed at Blacks

A major influence on the situation in South Africa is the attitude of its people. Prejudice exists not only between whites and blacks, but between black tribes, between English and Afrikaners - basically, in varying extents, between all the different population groups. Although many whites do not feel that blacks are inherently lower class, they do not wish to give them full political control un~l they are fully educated as a whole. Some English dislike the Afrikaners because many Afrikaners tend to be very right wing. Black tribes have

. always had a history of inter-tribal discord.

Many White South Africans have realized that they cannot continue to behave like a supremist society.

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Living Especially among many English speaking whites, the use of words such as "boss" in reference to a white man and "boy" in reference to a black worker (as in "garden-boy" instead of gardener)is highly discouraged. Some towns and cities have declared themselves to be completely multi-racial.

Unfortunately, some towns which are extremely right-wing refuse to go with the trend toward equality and rave actively maintained their white-only policies. The philosophy of the people of these towns was reflected in an article which appeared in the Toronto Star a few weeks ago. In that article, a town declared a particular park area as white-only as its solution to a problem of drunk blacks loitering in the park. The possibility of a by­law against drunkenly disorder or loitering did not occur to them. They believed that the park belonged to tax-paying members of its jurisdiction, the residents, all of whom were white.

It is a matter of time before white­only public areas are abolished. Pressure on towns such as the one mentioned above from others in the regions, combined with groups lobbying the primary and secondary governments will see to it. It is also time and internal pressure that will bring black representation and franchise to the South African

!-o._.-l~,",IWI~t-J.Al·~.p&:eSSUFe will come from the private sector, the increasing number of educated blacks, and from society in general.

Pressure from external sources is not necessarily helping to fight apartheid in South Africa. Some South Africans believe that Canada, in particular, is meddling in affairs which it does not understand. They feel that Canada is trying to tell South Africa what to do. South Africa has shown that it is not a

South Africa: The Constitution and the Government

South Africa adopted a new constitution in September 1984. This constitution, which replaced the Wesuninster system established in 1910 with the Union of South Africa, introduces a tricameral parliament of Whites, Coloureds, and Indians. These three houses provide full autonomy in their own communities, and share equal responsibility on common interest matters. The South African government is headed by the executive President who is elected every five years by the three chambers. There is a President's council and a central cabinet, as well as a Minister's council for each house.

The new constitution provides for a government by consensus which is enforced by standing committees created from all three houses, whose goal is to reach the greatest degree of unanimity on items of common concern. Each house contrOls affairs concerning its own

Iron Warrior 13

With Apartheid country which is easily swayed by others' opinions.

Even sanctions, while they have definitely made an impression, have not affected the average white South African very much. Any jobs which have been lost have usually been those of black workers. The South African economy has been affected slightly by sanctions imposed by some major trading partners of the country, but most private sector companies whose products were sanctioned by the Canadian population have gotten around sanctions through the use of franchises. These companies sell the rights to their products to local companies. The parent company receives royalties and no longer has the worries of maintaining the company. In this situation, the company often does better than before. One area in which sanctions have made themselves known is

that of music. University aged students and teenagers complain that they do not get to see live concens of their favorite musicians.

South Africans who consider themselves anti-apartheid strongly dislike the people who have chosen to represent the country to foreigners. They dislike people like Bishop Tutu and organizations like the banned African National Congress (ANC, which, as well as placing diplomatic pressure in international forums, was responsible for terrorist attacks in South Africa). Instead, they wish that Canadians and other foreign citizens heard more about the ideas and actions of people like Dr. M. Buthelezi, Chief Minister of KwaZulu and leader of South Africa's 6.5 million Zulus, and organizations like Inkatha, a "cultural liberation movement" which claims a membership of 3

Both Blacks and Whites look on as members of a tribal dance club perform in a popular market square in Johannesburg.

population: health and welfare, education, recreation and culture, community development, etc. Items of common concern include taxes and standards such as exams, qualifications and conditions of service.

the new constitution envelops "separate development"

South Africa is divided into four provinces: the Cape, the Orange Free State (OFS), Natal, and the TransvaaL Since 1986, the elected executive of each provincial government consists of Blacks, Coloureds, and Indians, as well as Whites. These governments now control general affairs such as roads and housing. °

Local Governments in South Africa have basically the same role as Municipal governments in Canada. Blacks have a definite say in their local government. With the new constitution, more power is being given to the local governments, however this is a gradual process.

In addition to the three basic forms of government, South Africa now has Regional Service Councils (RSC), which represent all four communities in a geographical area. These have two goals: to coordinate community services and to promote socio-economic upliftment of underdeveloped communities (Eg. non-white).

The new constitution envelopes the philosophy of "separate development", introduced to South Africa by people such as General Jan Smuts. The basis for this philosophy is that while Coloureds and Indians are essentially "Western" communities, with socio-economic and political order similar to that of western societies. They also have no clearly defined territories which might serve as a basis for independence. Blacks, however, have a very unique culture as well as clearly defined territories.

Rather than give an equal vote for all blacks, which would introduce major difficulties, the South African government defined ten national states, based on culture and territory. These states (or

million, mainly Zulus, and follows a route of peaceful negotiations.

Violence from groups like the ANC has taken its toll on South African lives. All major department stores and shopping malls, as well as most small shops, check for bombs and weapons. All of these places have one or two people looking in purses and bags, or scanning them with metal detectors and equipment similar to that in airports. South African airports are much stricter as well. No longer can you sit with your friends or family once you have checked your luggage in, and South African Airlines is running their own spot­checks in addition to international airport security.

Although apartheid still reigns in South oAfrica, and probably will for a few more years, South Africa is changing towards equality from within. It is a slow process, and one which must consider the history and culture of the country and its people. South Africa has come up with a different political scheme than that of Canada, the United States and other Western countries, but then, it is a different country.

stores are conducting bomb checks

The solutions South Africa chooses are not nece °ly they are theirs. Our country has not always made the best decisions, and we have not had as great an opportunity to experience the problem. of great cultural differences. Rather than simply proclaiming that South Africa is doing things wrong, let's learn more about its history, people, government, geography, and economy, and then support those South African decisions with which we agree.

homelands) are self-govemed. Four of the states, the Transkei, the Ciskei, Bophuthaswana, and Venda, are now independent states.

When the national states were conceived, all blacks in South Africa were given the right to choose the citizenship of one of these states. When their state became independent, these blacks would lose their South African citizenship. Essentially, when all the states became independent, there would be no more Black South Africans. The South African government realized that this was infeasible when the six remaining self-governed states ,refused to become independent. Now, citizens of the independent national states are the only South Africans with dual citizenship.

The national states are financially aided by the South African government, who is encouraging their socio-economic development. The executive president, P.W. Botha, often consults with the chief ministers of the national states, and these state leaders often meet with heads of other countries.

14 Iron Warrior

BIRT: Debates are Dead by Cliff Knox

3B Electrical Debates Co-director

The Government: Overwhelming Student Apathy and Pessimism.

The Opposition: Enthusiastic New Debates Directors (Cliff & John) .

Goy. #1: Mr. Speaker, the issue before us today is that "Debates are dead." We define the resolution as i) "debates" as meaning the Sandford Fleming Debates in the Faculty of Engineering at UW; and ii) "are dead" meaning that no one in Engineering is aware of them, and they probably never really take place. As th'e terms roll by, we all see the announcements, yet no one is compelled to watch these debates,

much less get involved . Who 's interested in listen ing to a bunch of stuffy bean-heads rail on about whether or not Free Trade is good for Eskimos, anyway?

OUU. #1: Mr. Speaker, my opponent ha s maligned the institution of debating, and compounded his crime by direct contradiction of his own resolution. The Opposition accepts his definition, but we point out that he has acknowledged that not only do debates take place every term (this term, the departmental series starts February 13, with the finals on March 10), but that Engineers are also aware of them. He has also indicated that Engineers do take part in debating. These debators are quite animated, and their heads have never resembled any type of garden vegetable. As for Eskimos and Free

Trade, such topics demonstrate the concerns of Engineers and our awareness of pertinent social issues . At least it allows us to cojecture that the Americans may want access to yet another abundant Canadian resource (e.g., whale blubber).

Goy. #2: Mr. Speaker, this ... person has sidestepped the obvious point: debates have nothing of value to offer the student Engineer. The average engineer has precious little time to study, let alone time to froth at the mouth. There are no rewards for the people who do debate; they never receive any training. And why don't they let women debate? All I ever see is two geeky guys in verbal intercourse with another pair of wall-eyed bookworms. No one seems to get much out of debating, yet a lot of work is put into it.

Ready for the Stag? by Steve Morin

4B Electrical

eyefuls of both male and female that you will be able to continue exotic dancers that you could want. your career with a sense of There will be a variety of additional partied-out contentment. diversions to keep all tastes The Tool will make an appearance

Every winter a unique entertained, from cards to informal in order to permit all the newly sociocultural event takes place. nautical events to contests. Buses ringed engineers to christen their After a particularly sacred ritual, the will depart from the El cul-de-sac rings by tapping them against the hallowed "Iron Ring Ceremony", immediately after the ringing Almighty Tool. Any Waterloo fourth year Engineering students ceremony (and a quick change of Engineer who misses this could be don their tackiest, wildest and clothes), and return to the same considered, dare we say, an ugliest suits and gather in place as demand requires at the end incomplete Engineer. celebration. They descend by the of the evening. Iron Ring Stag tickets may be busload upon the place of The most important thing to purchased now in the Orifice for celebration where the festivities remember about the Iron Ring Stag $20 or at the door for $25. Buy include "gifted" entertainers who is that it is the wildest party that any them ahead of time and use the extra rythmically disrobe themselves for of you will ever experience - $5 to buy two more beers at the the hordes of engineers. guaranteed. Once we receive our Stag ($2.50 beer, $2.75 shots) or

February 3, 1989

Ouu. #2: Mr. Speaker, I wish to applaud my opponent. Her digression from the resolution only allows me to strengthen our counter-argument. She has however, touched on a number of areas that I will address. I can only presume that she finds even watching television to be a . strenuous occupation, requiring direct compensation . It takes about a half-hour to debate a topic, and this is usually a welcome diversion from studies (it's just a little more formal than sitting around POETS for two hours doing the same thing). I would like to point out that women do debate, unfortunately the number is roughly proportional to their enrolment in Engineering. Training is also usually provided for new debators, but no one takes advantage of it (we will be running workshops on demand, for anyone wanting to improve their skills). As for rewards: there's p* * 5 for all participants, plus free beer & pizza for Department winners and organizers (we need student coordinators for all departments-­sign up in the Orifice), and Faculty winners get $100 each' ($50 each for 2nd Place) plus certificates from the Sandford Fleming Foundation. Moreover, people who debate (or even just watch) have gobs of fun!

Rebuttal (no new arguments).

OUU. #1: My associate has pretty much stated our case: debates are alive in Engineering; they are fun, entertaining, and participants garnish multitudes of benefits. We therefore assert that the resolution must fail: Debates are not dead.

Goy. # 1 (after conferring with Gov. #2): Point of Information: Where can the Government find out more about these debates?

This unforgettable event is called Iron Rings we will be considered spend it at the food counter there. THE IRON RING STAG!!! engineers, and our actions will The ticket has a detachable stub to OUU. #2: The Government (or

invariably contribute to the be redeemed for the Iron Ring Stag anyone else) can contact myself, This year the stag is being held at reputation of engineers as T-shirt on or after March 3 (the day Cliff Knox, or my associate, John

Bingeman Park's Marshall Hall. professionals. The Iron Ring Stag after the Stag) at the Orifice. We Kingdon, via the Orifice. We are Your $20 admission ticket will get is our one last night of recommend you leave the shirt stub your Debates Directors for this you return bus transportation, an irresponsibility, the one chance to at home as T-shirts will not be term, and we think that debates are Iron Ring Stag T-shirt, and all the arty so hard behind closed doors given without it. a winner! ~----~~~~--~~--------~--~----------------------~~----------------------~

IRON ' RING STAG

You've suffered 5 long years at this institution and now its time for the rewards : your Iron Ring and the Iron Ring Stag.

Immediately after you receive your ring at the ceremony on Thursday March 2nd, we'll whisk you off to the Stag at Bingeman Park for an evening of rollicking fun.

With the purchase of your stag ticket you get: • Return bus transportation • A commemorative Iron Ring Stag .'89 T-shirt • Entertainment : male and female exotic dancers • Participation in various contests and events • The best party of your University career

Tickets are on sale in the Orifice NOW.

February 3, 1989

by Katherine Koszarny 2A Systems Design

It's 5:30! Throwaway your pencils, put away that calculus, tum off your HP and tum on your TV. It's time for "THE LOVE CONNECTION"!

* * * "She's twenty-four and a

mortician. Status: widowed three times . Her interests include big game hunting, working with leather and men with a heartbeat. She says men with hairy backs should try electrolysis - it worked for her."

*** Camera pans stage. Chuck

bounces onto your screen and introduces the 'lucky' couple who were matched together on a previous show and are now anxiously waiting backstage to reveal the gory details of their first encounter. This is the moment that we've all been waiting for. We hear two strangers on national television, in front of millions of devoted viewers describe how they 'cuddled' in gondola, fought in the restaurant, boogied in the club, became 'better acquainted with each other' (snicker, snicker) in the back of his pickup truck with Engelbert Humperdinck crooning in the background. We find out if she is a good kisser, what his snake looks . . their initial

impressions were of one another (great body, shame about the face), whether they spent the night together -you know, all the juicy details. Woe to the girl who's companion didn't make a single pass at her throughout their first date! Hooray! to the girl who became frustrated ...

Iron Warrior

Arranged Romance and initiated the first move herself.

What is happening here?? Dating through television? Who in their right mind would (i) apply to "The Love Connection", thereby admitting publicly that they can't get

'lucky' couple who were matched together

on ... Be ides, what is thi con. tant

pre ure to find the perfect mate ( or should I say lover - I mean, doe n't sex mean love anyway?)? Do we have to be subjected to mindless commercial a king us - "Are you sitting home alone in front of your television? Are you earching for that special someone to fill that empty void in your life? ... " Must we watch people dressed in bright colours looking like they're having a great time in those Dial-A-Party telephone commercials (only three dollars a call!)? How can we allow books such as 'tHow to Meet and Marry the Man of Your Choice" to make the national bestseller list?

Is all of this necessary? For centuries and centuries people have

15

been ucces ful in making that 'love connection'. Do you think Anthony and Cleopatra were registered with a Date-Through-Hieroglyphics service? Did Romeo pick up Juliet at the local meat market? Did Wallis Simpson meet King Edward through a company designed to help divorced women get back into the dating game? No, of course not! Then why do we feel that we have to go through these completely unnatural, degrading ways of meeting people? We don't need "The Dating Game"! Take a hike "Love Connection"! Thanks, but no thanks, we do have some pride, some self-respect left!!! (By the way, if you're interested, they're still accepting contestants for next season's shows ... )

a date on their own; (ii) go through with the date, knowing that if they don't 'score', all of North America and the 'civilized' world will see what losers they really are; (iii) embarrass family and friends by revealing all the details about their wild date (colour of sheets , discovery of hidden birthmarks). Heck, even appearing on the show in the first place is an embarrassment in itself! However, we can't point the finger solely at the contestants - what about all the viewers whose dedication keeps the show on the air? (Just to clarify - I watched it in order to write up this article.) Just to what depths has our society fallen?

SCUNT , •

Are the rest of us boring, uncreative, not 'with it'? What is wrong with the more conservative, traditional means of meeting Mr. or

Dial-A -Party

Miss Right? These being church, sports clubs, school (at UW??), libraries, \puseums, work, dances clubs, sheet corners, bars, subways, shopping malls; through mutual acquaintances, nosy aunts and uncles, the list goes on and

by Rick Zalec 38 Chemical

Every term, during a certain twenty-four hour period, a strange thing happens. The Havenger Scunt takes place.

The organizing class spends weeks creating new and innovative ideas. A seemingly endless list of difficult to obtain items and eople is compiJeCi. Many drinking establishments in nearby cities and towns are visited and carefully researched. Bizarre rituals, emanating from the deepest depths of the class pervert's imagination, are concocted.

Then, a great many of the other engineering classes volunteer to

submit themselves to the cumulative warped sense of humour of the organizers. Often, the participating classes are forced to re-enact the pervert's rituals. They find themselves directed to cities in the countryside to take part in a whirlwind drinking spree, all the while saving their bar receipts . Worst of all, they must bring the e to v ' . , house of iII-repute to ta"ke incriminating pictures of themselves with the patrons and residents of such places.

Why does this phenomenon continue to occur cv ry lem1?

Because iI'S fUll, dammil! Be a part of the

BONDAGE SCUNT. II "M

The Civilized Engineer by Walton Chan

Arts Director

The Civilized Engineer by Samuel C. Florman. St. Martin's Press, New York. $11.95

I came across this book while browsing through the Bookstore for something to review. The title intrigued me, naturally, as did some

, of the chapters I flipped through: "Concrete and Kafka", "Loyalty, or Why Engineering is Sometimes Like Baseball", "The Fantasy of the Electronic Future". Looks promising, I thought, and headed for the cashier. But while she was punching the price into the register, the cashier glanced at the book and

a contradiction in terms?

looked up at me with a grin. "But isn't this a contradiction in terms?" she asked.

I smiled wanly and mumbled something before hurrying out. But the question stayed with me, as did the attitude behind it. Certainly it's nothing new, and I know a number

of engineering students among us who could make the oxymoron apply. Yet how did it come to be that way? And what does it mean for us preparing to be engineers?

With these questions Samuel FIorman, a civil engineer living in New York City, begins his latest foray into the philosophical side of engineering. As in his past books -The Existential Pleasures of Engineering, Engineering and the Liberal Arts - FIorman writes with erudition and a keen appreciation for the influential role engineers play in shaping our society. Essentially a string of essays, FIorman covers a lot of ground in short, easily-digested bits, alternately filled with self­deprecating humour and clear­sighted purpose.

The book opens by addressing just these fundamental questions: where are the roots of engineering, how did it develop into what it is today, and where did this view of engineers as socially-unconscious brutes come from? Jumping nimbly from the pyramid builders to the Athens of Plato (who praised the pure mind and demeaned the rude

labours of the hand) to the fledgling profession in the France of Louis XIV, Florman paints an incisive canvas of engineering's history to find the answers.

Next comes the task of defining what engineering has become today, and what responsibilities,

no profession has so changed the face of the world

moral and professional, it must bear. There are excellent chapters dealing with new technologies, risk analysis, and the Challenger disaster. Along the way he refutes the common vision of engineering as cold, calculated number­crunching, and stresses the creativity and spontaneity that are equally important. And in a pointed passage dealing with the financial motivation of many Reagan-era engineers, Florman laments that "in its moment of ascendance, engineering is faced with the trivialization of its purpose and the debasement of its practice."

In defining what he sees as the

purpose and ideals of engineering, Florman moves naturally to his vision of the civili zed engineer. The concept is of a well -rounded person versed not only in integra ls and stress analysis, but also in the Liberal Arts that are so often a source of derision in engineering circles. The social impact of technology is large and irrevocable, and engineers must not turn their backs on the common cultural legacy. The profession must assert its share i,n shaping society, rather than standing by as a disinterested and bemused spectator. No other profession has so changed the face of the world in this century, and engineers must accept the challenges and obligations that such power entails.

More than just an apologia for engineering to its detractors, however, Florman's book also forges a framework that we can build on. Any engineering students who think and care deeply about what they are doing here would do well to give this book a read.

The Civilized Engineer is available at the University Bookstore.

16 Iron Warrior

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