IRM GROUP 2 CHAPTER 2
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Transcript of IRM GROUP 2 CHAPTER 2
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Information Systems OverviewInformation Systems Overview(COIS 20024)(COIS 20024)
Lecture: Week 5
Networks & Telecommunications
(Information Systems Resources)
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12-AUG-2001
Daniel Pun, School of Computing & Information Systems, CQU, Australia 2
Week 5: ResourcesWeek 5: Resources
Study Guide Module 5: Networks & Telecommunications
Textbook Chapter 6: Telecommunications & Networks
Resource Materials Reading 5-1 & 5-2
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12-AUG-2001
Daniel Pun, School of Computing & Information Systems, CQU, Australia 3
ObjectivesObjectives
Describe the concepts of telecommunications networks & their application
Discuss the importance of telecommunications networks for an organisation
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12-AUG-2001
Daniel Pun, School of Computing & Information Systems, CQU, Australia 4
Describe the concepts related to telecommunications networks such as client/server networks, intranets, and extranets etc.
Identify the five categories of components in a telecommunications network
ObjectivesObjectives (cont’d)(cont’d)
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12-AUG-2001
Daniel Pun, School of Computing & Information Systems, CQU, Australia 5
Identify & describe different ways to configure a telecommunications network
Discuss the concepts related to telecommunications protocols & architectures
Describe the major trends in telecommunications
ObjectivesObjectives (cont’d)(cont’d)
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12-AUG-2001
Daniel Pun, School of Computing & Information Systems, CQU, Australia 6
Identify & give examples of several major ways that organisations are using the Internet for their business activities
Identify & give examples of several ways that the Internet applications provide significant business value to an organisation & its customers
ObjectivesObjectives (cont’d)(cont’d)
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12-AUG-2001
Daniel Pun, School of Computing & Information Systems, CQU, Australia 7
ObjectivesObjectives
Describe the concepts of telecommunications networks & their application
Discuss the importance of telecommunications networks for an organisation
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12-AUG-2001
Daniel Pun, School of Computing & Information Systems, CQU, Australia 8
Communication is the process of sending and receiving verbal and nonverbal messages between, at least, two entities.
Data Communications is the process of electronically sending and receiving data from one place to another over communication links between one or more computer systems and a variety of input/output terminals.
Telecommunications is the transmission of information in any form (e.g., voice, data, text, image) from one place to another using electronic or light-emitting media.
Basic DefinitionsBasic Definitions
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12-AUG-2001
Daniel Pun, School of Computing & Information Systems, CQU, Australia 9
A Communications network is any arrangement where a sender transmits a message to a receiver over a medium.
A Telecommunications network is any arrangement of interconnected computers and peripheral devices to process and exchange data and information.
Basic Definitions Basic Definitions (cont’d)(cont’d)
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12-AUG-2001
Daniel Pun, School of Computing & Information Systems, CQU, Australia 10
Twisted Pair Coaxial Cable Fiber Optics Terrestrial
Microwave
Communication Satellites
Cellular Technologies
Wireless LAN
Telecom Communication MediaTelecom Communication Media
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12-AUG-2001
Daniel Pun, School of Computing & Information Systems, CQU, Australia 11
Modems Multiplexers Internetwork
Processors Switches Routers Hubs Gateways
Fire walls
Network Operating System
Telecommunications Monitor
Middleware Network Management
Software
Telecom Processors & SoftwareTelecom Processors & Software
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12-AUG-2001
Daniel Pun, School of Computing & Information Systems, CQU, Australia 12
Objectives Objectives (cont’d)(cont’d)
Describe the concepts of telecommunications networks & their application
Discuss the importance of telecommunications networks for an organisation
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12-AUG-2001
Daniel Pun, School of Computing & Information Systems, CQU, Australia 13
Connectivity: allows exchange of data & information
Keeps the various system elements working together effectively and efficiently by exchanging data and information
Allows informed decisions to be made
Better management of organisational resources and activities
Better decisions and higher productivity
Improved services to customers and clients
Increased competitive advantages
Importance of Telecom for Orgs.Importance of Telecom for Orgs.
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12-AUG-2001
Daniel Pun, School of Computing & Information Systems, CQU, Australia 14
Describe the concepts related to telecommunications networks such as client/server networks, intranets, and extranets etc.
Identify the five categories of components in a telecommunications network
ObjectivesObjectives (cont’d)(cont’d)
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12-AUG-2001
Daniel Pun, School of Computing & Information Systems, CQU, Australia 15
Wide Area NetworksWide Area Networks
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12-AUG-2001
Daniel Pun, School of Computing & Information Systems, CQU, Australia 16
NetworkServer
Shared Database and
Software Packages
SharedPrinter
PCPC
PC PC PC
Internetwork Processor to Other Networks
Local Area NetworksLocal Area Networks
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12-AUG-2001
Daniel Pun, School of Computing & Information Systems, CQU, Australia 17
Router
IntranetServer
Host System
IntranetServer
TheInternet
Fire wall
Fire wall
RouterExtranet
Other E-Business NetworksOther E-Business Networks
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12-AUG-2001
Daniel Pun, School of Computing & Information Systems, CQU, Australia 18
Virtual Private Networks (VPNs)Virtual Private Networks (VPNs)
Many organizations use VPNs to establish secure intranets and extranets. A VPN is a secure network that uses the Internet as its main backbone network, but relies on fire walls and other security features. In this manner, a company can use the Internet to establish secure intranets with remote branch offices and secure extranets between itself and business partners and customers.
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12-AUG-2001
Daniel Pun, School of Computing & Information Systems, CQU, Australia 19
NetworkServer
Host SystemSuperserver
Client
User InterfaceApplication Processing
Application ControlDistributed Database
Central database controlHeavy duty processing
Server Server
NetPC
Browser-basedUser Interface
Web OSApplication Software
Application
DBMS
DB
Client/Server NetworksClient/Server Networks
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12-AUG-2001
Daniel Pun, School of Computing & Information Systems, CQU, Australia 20
Client/Server Networks Client/Server Networks (con’t)(con’t)
Client/Server Networks are the predominant information architectures used in business today. In a client/server network, the end user PC is the client. These are interconnected by local area networks, and share application processing with network servers. This is sometimes called a two-tier client/server architecture. Local area networks can also be interconnected with other networks, including host systems and superservers.
Client/server architectures are seen as more economical and flexible than legacy mainframe systems.
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12-AUG-2001
Daniel Pun, School of Computing & Information Systems, CQU, Australia 21
Describe the concepts related to telecommunications networks such as client/server networks, intranets, and extranets etc.
Identify the five categories of components in a telecommunications network
ObjectivesObjectives (cont’d)(cont’d)
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12-AUG-2001
Daniel Pun, School of Computing & Information Systems, CQU, Australia 22
TelecommunicationsSoftware
1
2 3
4
52
PCs, NCs, and Other Terminals
ComputersTelecommunicationsChannels and Media
TelecommunicationsProcessors
Components in a Telecom NetworksComponents in a Telecom Networks
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12-AUG-2001
Daniel Pun, School of Computing & Information Systems, CQU, Australia 23
Components in a Telecom Networks Components in a Telecom Networks (cont’d)(cont’d)
Like any communications model, a telecommunications network connects a sender to a receiver over a channel for sharing messages. The basic components of a telecommunications network are:
Terminals: These are networked microcomputer workstations or video input/output stations that provide the sending and receiving endpoints for the network.
Telecommunications Processors: These are specialized hardware components that support data transmission and reception between terminals and computers. Examples include modems, routers, and switches.
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12-AUG-2001
Daniel Pun, School of Computing & Information Systems, CQU, Australia 24
Components in a Telecom Networks Components in a Telecom Networks (cont’d)(cont’d)
Telecommunications Channels and Media: A channel connects two or more parties in a network. Media are the particular way a channel is connected. Telecommunications channels use combinations of media such as copper wires, coaxial cables, fiber optic cables, and microwave carriers to transmit information.
Computers: All sizes and types of computers can and are connected to telecommunications networks. Typical arrangements include using a mainframe as a host for the network, a minicomputer as a front-end processor, with a dedicated microcomputer as a network server to a smaller local group of networked microcomputer workstations.
Telecommunications Control Software: Consists of programs that control telecommunications activities and manage the functions of telecommunications networks. Examples include network operating systems, browsers and telecommunications monitors.
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12-AUG-2001
Daniel Pun, School of Computing & Information Systems, CQU, Australia 25
Identify & describe different ways to configure a telecommunications network
Discuss the concepts related to telecommunications protocols & architectures
Describe the major trends in telecommunications
ObjectivesObjectives (cont’d)(cont’d)
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12-AUG-2001
Daniel Pun, School of Computing & Information Systems, CQU, Australia 26
Network TopologiesNetwork Topologies
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12-AUG-2001
Daniel Pun, School of Computing & Information Systems, CQU, Australia 27
Network Topologies Network Topologies (cont’d)(cont’d)
There are three basic topologies used in telecommunications networks:
Star Topologies: Connect end user computers to a central computer. Used for centralizing processing. Since the network is reliant on the performance of the central computer, this topology is less reliable than either ring or bus. If the central computer fails, the network fails. May be used in WANs and LANs.
Ring Topologies: Connect end user computers together in a ring on a more equal basis. It is more reliable and has no single point of failure. Used mostly in LANs.
Bus Topologies: Connect end user computers on a common channel. Used commonly in business LANs. It also has no single point of failure. It is cheaper than ring networks, but sometimes less reliable.
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12-AUG-2001
Daniel Pun, School of Computing & Information Systems, CQU, Australia 28
Identify & describe different ways to configure a telecommunications network
Discuss the concepts related to telecommunications protocols & architectures
Describe the major trends in telecommunications
ObjectivesObjectives (cont’d)(cont’d)
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12-AUG-2001
Daniel Pun, School of Computing & Information Systems, CQU, Australia 29
Application Layer
Presentation Layer
Session Layer
Transport Layer
Network Layer
Data Link Layer
Physical Layer
SevenLayers ofthe OSICommunicationsArchitecture
Network Protocols: The OSI ArchitectureNetwork Protocols: The OSI Architecture
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12-AUG-2001
Daniel Pun, School of Computing & Information Systems, CQU, Australia 30
Network Protocols: The OSI Architecture Network Protocols: The OSI Architecture (cont’d)(cont’d)
The International Standards Organization (ISO) has developed a seven-layer Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model to serve as a standard model for network architecture.
Application Layer provides communications services for end user applications.
Presentation Layer provides appropriate data transmission formats & codes.
Session Layer supports the accomplishment of telecommunications sessions.
Transport Layer supports the organization and transfer of data between nodes in the network.
Network Layer provides appropriate routing by establishing connections among network links.
Data Link Layer supports error free organization and transmission of data in the network.
Physical Layer provides physical access to the telecommunications media in the network.
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12-AUG-2001
Daniel Pun, School of Computing & Information Systems, CQU, Australia 31
Application orProcess Layer
Internet Protocol (IP)
Host-to-Host Transport Layer
Network Interface
Physical Layer
ApplicationLayer
PresentationLayer
SessionLayer
TransportLayer
NetworkLayer
Data LinkLayer
PhysicalLayer
OS
I Mo
del
The Internet’s TCP/IPThe Internet’s TCP/IP
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12-AUG-2001
Daniel Pun, School of Computing & Information Systems, CQU, Australia 32
Identify & describe different ways to configure a telecommunications network
Discuss the concepts related to telecommunications protocols & architectures
Describe the major trends in telecommunications
ObjectivesObjectives (cont’d)(cont’d)
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12-AUG-2001
Daniel Pun, School of Computing & Information Systems, CQU, Australia 33
More electronic commerce, enterprise collaboration,online business operations and strategic advantage in markets
More vendors, carriers, alliances, and network services, accelerated by deregulation & Internet growth
Extensive Internet, interconnected local & global digital networks, improved transmission channels
Industry Trends
Technology Trends
Application Trends
Trends in TelecommunicationsTrends in Telecommunications
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12-AUG-2001
Daniel Pun, School of Computing & Information Systems, CQU, Australia 34
Identify & give examples of several major ways that organisations are using the Internet for their business activities
Identify & give examples of several ways that the Internet applications provide significant business value to an organisation & its customers
ObjectivesObjectives (cont’d)(cont’d)
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12-AUG-2001
Daniel Pun, School of Computing & Information Systems, CQU, Australia 35
InternetRelayChat
Telnet
Search Engines
E-CommerceFile
TransferProtocol (FTP)
Popular Uses of the
Internet
Internet ApplicationsInternet Applications
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12-AUG-2001
Daniel Pun, School of Computing & Information Systems, CQU, Australia 36
By 1995, over 1.5 million host networks on the Internet belonged to businesses. Businesses on the Internet are there in part to take advantage of the easy, worldwide communications available through E-mail and file transfer protocols (FTPs). But business is also on the Net to help shape the network as a channel for conducting business transactions -- buying and selling goods and services in cyberspace to distant customers linked by computers and modems. Business uses of the Internet are rapidly developing in areas such as electronic commerce.
Business Use of the InternetBusiness Use of the Internet
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12-AUG-2001
Daniel Pun, School of Computing & Information Systems, CQU, Australia 37
Identify & give examples of several major ways that organisations are using the Internet for their business activities
Identify & give examples of several ways that the Internet applications provide significant business value to an organisation & its customers
ObjectivesObjectives (cont’d)(cont’d)
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12-AUG-2001
Daniel Pun, School of Computing & Information Systems, CQU, Australia 38
Overcome Geographic Barriers: Capture information about business transactions from remote locations.
Overcome Time Barriers: Provide information to remote locationsimmediately after it is requested.
Overcome Cost Barriers: Reduce the cost of more traditional means of communications.
Overcome Structural Barriers: Support linkages for competitive advantage.
Business Value provided by the Internet applicationsBusiness Value provided by the Internet applications
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12-AUG-2001
Daniel Pun, School of Computing & Information Systems, CQU, Australia 39
Organizations are becoming internetworked enterprises that use the Internet, intranets, and other telecommunications networks to support E-Business.
Telecommunications has entered a deregulated and fiercely competitive environment with many vendors, carriers, and services
A major trend is towards pervasive use of the Internet and its technologies to build interconnected enterprise and global networks.
SummarySummary
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12-AUG-2001
Daniel Pun, School of Computing & Information Systems, CQU, Australia 40
The major components of any telecom network are: Terminals, Telecommunications processors, Communication channels, Computers, and Telecommunications software.
There are several basic types of telecomm networks, including wide area networks (WANs) and local area networks (LANs).
SummarySummary (cont’d)(cont’d)
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12-AUG-2001
Daniel Pun, School of Computing & Information Systems, CQU, Australia 41
Key telecommunications network alternatives include telecommunications media, processors, software, channels, and architectures.
SummarySummary (cont’d)(cont’d)
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Daniel Pun, School of Computing & Information Systems, CQU, Australia 42
Information Systems for Enterprise Collaboration
(Information Systems Applications)
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