Irelands Gain

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IlansGain

by Paick Call

Te Demographic Impact andConsequences for the Healthof Women of the Abortion Lawsin Ireland and Northern Irelandsince 1968

Irelands_Gain.indd 1 09/12/2011 08:46


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Ilans GainT dmgaphic Impac an Cnsquncs hHalh wmn h Abin Las in Ilanan Nhn Ilan sinc 1968

Patrick Carroll

Published by

PAPrI gis chaiy numb 327942 in englan

AddressPAPrI (Pnsin an Ppulain rsach Insiu)35 Cannbuy raLnn N1 2dGtl: +44 (0)20 7354 5667

Fax: +44 (0)20 7226 6601email: [email protected]

ISBN 0-9514532-3-8

December 2011

Publication accessible on the web site of the publishers

www.papriresearch.org and http://home.btconnect.com/papri



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4

Foreword

T analysis by Paick Call a PAPrI cmpas availabl saisical aa n abins cai u nmn sin in Ilan an Nhn Ilan v h pch19682010 ih h cspning aa Biain ih ga h mgaphic chaacisics h vaius pas h islans aniscusss h implicains h halh mn.

T suy pvis an inph clgical analysis ha cnsius a uniqu insigh in h cs, lack h, nainal an ginal plicy sic minain pgnancis. T iscussin pmau bih as, sillbih as, mnal halh suc usag, micain usag mnalhalh, bas canc as, an immunlgical iss all pin an ugn n xamin mully h impac libalizain abin las an hi avs impac n mns halh. Publichalh cials an lgislas spnsibl shaping nainal an ginal plicis mns halhmus siusly ngag h qusins ais by h PAPrI p h n sic an mni

minain pgnancis.

Byn C. Calhun, Md, FACoG, FACS, MBAProfessor & Vice-ChairDepartment of Obstetrics & GynecologyWest Virginia University, Charleston



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Ilan s G 5

PreFACe

whas h scal lgally inuc abin in h vlp cunis h l is lag anmany mn hav bn ac by is cnsquncs, h a ah suis h mgaphicimpac an h impac n h halh mn. Sinc h Biains 1967 Abin Ac as pass inwsmins, h has bn, hv, an accumulain UK aa. Tis suy avails aa suppliby h dpamn Halh in Lnn, an pi 2002, by h UK o c Nainal Saisics, inspc mn sin in Ilan an Nhn Ilan cming englan an wals abinssinc 1968. Ms abins amng mn m h islan Ilan a bliv ak plac inenglan an wals bu h is als p sm abins aking plac in Nhn Ilan, small

numbs in Sclan, an sm in h Nhlans.

ACKNowLedGeMeNtS

Paicula hanks a u h Cnal Saisics o c Ilan an o c Nainal Saisics (UK)ha hav suppli h aa. Cmpuing has bn n by Alxan Paul, Suhaka Bi an tjasdhkalia, h cai u h mgaphic k n ppulain pjcins h islan Ilan.

SUMMArY

1. rsiciv las n abin hav nabl h bih a in Ilan an Nhn Ilan mainmuch high han h eupan avag. tay bih as n h islan Ilan a na placmn lvl an h islan bns m a m yuhul mgaphic pl ih lsspnnc n immigain han h eupan cunis.

2. Libalisain abin las in Ilan an Nhn Ilan ul sul in a lss yuhulmgaphic pl ih a small naiv ppulain as illusa Nhn Ilan in h pisinc 1968 an in Ilan uu yas.

3. disinc aiinal aus mgaphy n h islan Ilan a sill appan, such as lagamilis mai cupls in Ilan, nihsaning h la ag chilbaing in h islan asa hl an h gnal n small amilis vyh. T la ag mn giving bih h s im in Ilan an Nhn Ilan, in cnjuncin ih high paiy pgssin n hislan, xplains a high ppin abins amng mn sin n h islan bing nullipausi.. cai u n mn h hav ha n pvius ull m pgnancy.

4. Ms abins amng mn sin n h islan a nullipaus, an h spciallyamaging hi halh. Bu hs abins a cmpaaivly a. Ilan an Nhn Ilansh a l incinc manal an inan cniins knn b abin squla: sill bihs,l igh bihs hh in singln mulipl bihs, pm pmau bihs, cbal palsyan manal ahs. Ilan an Nhn Ilan als bns m l incinc bas cancan cmpaaivly g mnal halh amng mn an a l incinc cain isass himmun sysm, hich l abin as hav cnibu. Libalisain abin las inIlan an Nhn Ilan can b xpc sul in high abin as an a cspningiain in spc hs cniins acing h halh mn.



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6

CoNteNtS

Chap 1 dmgaphic Cnx: Lgally inuc abins amng mn sin

n islan Ilan sinc 1968 7

Chap 2 Ppulain pjcins illusa h Filiy an dmgaphic Pl

in Ilan an Nhn Ilan migh chang ih libalisain abin las 16

Chap 3 Manal Halh an Nnaal Halh Inans in Ilan an

Nhn Ilan sinc 1968 20

Chap 4 Mnal Halh mn in Ilan an Nhn Ilan sinc 1968 23

Chap 5. Bas Canc 25

Chap 6. disass h Immun Sysm 28



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Ilan s G 7

CHAPter 1

dmgaphic Cnx: Lgally inuc abinsamng mn sin n islan Ilan sinc 1968du h 1967 Abin Ac in Biain, Lgally Inuc Abins bcam availabl mn inIlan an Nhn Ilan h avll Biain a Apil 1968 an abin. wihin Ilanan Nhn Ilan l siciv las n abin main in c. T a sm inucabins, han 100 p ya in hspials in Nhn Ilan, h a cninuing pgnancy ulhav a sv c n h halh h man, an n c abins in hspials in Ilan.

Abin Saisics [1] englan & wals, givs h numbs ag gups mn sinin Ilan an Nhn Ilan. tabl 1 shs h n in hs numbs sinc 1968. Als bcun a h numbs (assum b m Ilan) mn in cn yas having Lgally InucAbins in h Nhlans[2] an h numbs, m Nhn Ilan an Ilan, having abinsin Sclan[3]. Lgally Inuc Abins ihin Nhn Ilan a p in Sxual HalhInmain by h dpamn Halh, Scial Svics an Public Say in Nhn Ilan [4].Numbs inuc abins ihin Ilan a n p an assum b z.

able 1 Numbers of Legally Induced Abortions by Location for Women resident on the island of Ireland

Ireland Northern Ireland

Year Eng & Wales Netherlands Scotland Eng & Wales N. Ireland Scotland

1971 666 - - 558 - -

1981 3585 - 1 1432 - 2

1991 4168 - 3 1775 - 3

2001 6655 - 2 1574 75 3

2009 4411 134 1 1125 71 2

2010 4379 31 1 1082 74 2

By using h english an wlsh aa [1] singl ya ag ih h numbs a ach ag asnumas an ih h cspning miya mal ppulain as nminas, can cmpuagspcic Abin ras Ilan an Nhn Ilan, h h numbs a small ansuppli by 5yal ag gups, hs a als sima singl ya ag by spaing ihin 5yalag gups assuming h sam isibuin pans as Ilan. tals all ags m 15 45 hn

puc tal Abin ras tArs, cmpu in h sam ay as tal Filiy ras, hpi shn in Figu 1. Ts tArs incpa a ppina allanc abins knn hav akn plac in Sclan an h Nhlans, an ihin Nhn Ilan.



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Figu 1 shs h high abin as Ilan in h la 1990s an aly 2000s. Tis as h a hClic tig hn h spcially g ppuniis pai mplymn mn in Ilan.

T hav bn suggsins ha sm mn m h islan g aba abins Biain pingenglish, wlsh Scish asss a abin clinics. t h xn ha his aks plac hs as illb unsimas. A p h Cisis Pgnancy Agncy in dublin publish in 2006 [5] n abinspm n Iish mn in h UK, hich iscusss h us asss in Biain by Iish sin mnsking abins in Biain, says ha ih the increasingly liberal views on sex and abortion in Irish societythe number of women giving false addresses is likely to be lower now than in the past. Consequently, past rises inrates [up to 2001] may partly be due to womens greater willingness to state they are from Ireland . T auhs n aibu h l as abin in bh Ilan an Nhn Ilan in cn yas an incas inmn m hs juisicain giving asss in Biain hn avlling i abins.

IrISH FertILItY

T clin in iliy hughu eup sinc 1968 is als appan in Ilan an Nhn Ilan, bu

bh juisicains cninu sh high iliy as. T tal Filiy ra is na 2 in bh pas h islan, hich cspns a amily chiln. Tis is much high han h eupan avag tFraun 1.4 an cls placmn lvl aun 2.07 tal Filiy ra. Figu 2 shs h iliy n,na placmn lvl sinc h la 1990s, an als h cspning tArs (tal Abin ras) achya Ilan.

CHAPter 1 dmgaphic Cnx: Lgally inuc abins amng mn sin n islan Ilan sinc 1968



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Ilan s G 9

Figure 2 Total Fertility Rates (TFR) and Total Abortion Rates (TAR)

Ireland, 1968-2010

0.000.501.001.502.002.503.003.504.004.50

68 1969197019711972197319741975197619771978197919801981198198319841985198619871988198919901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006200720020092010Year

Rat

TFR TAR Replacement Level 2.07

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

3.50

4.00

1968

1969

1970

1971

1972

1973

1974

1975

1976

1977

1978

1979

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

Rate

Year

Figure 3: Total Fertility Rates (TFR) and Total Abortion Rates (TAR)Northern Ireland, 1968-2010

TAR TFR Replacement Level 2.07

Figu 3 shs hs ns Nhn Ilan. Again, sinc h 1980s can s a cls mach ihplacmn lvl h al lvl cncpins hn iliy an abin as a cmbin.

Figure 2: Total Fertility Rates (TFR) and Total Abortion Rates (TAR)

Ireland, 1968-2010



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Figu 4 shs hs ns englan & wals. Tis als shs a cls mach bn placmnlvl an h al a all cncpins v ms h pi. rcnly h english an wlsh biha has isn. Pa his cn incas is aibuabl cain immigan gups hich hav a highiliy an a lag in englan an wals, cmpa h islan Ilan.

Figu 5 shs ha Sclan has xpinc a ga clin in iliy cmpa englan anwals v his pi.

T spcially sp clin in iliy in Sclan can b link h clin in aiinal inusisha mans yung mn in Sclan a lss ll plac may an assum amily cmmimns. Als,h paalll gh in svic inusis pvis ppuniis mn h a n claiming aga sha ucainal an pssinal ppuniis [6,7]. T igh scial husing nansin h UK buy h ppis hy a ning, has bn a uh ac in h clin iliy hahas impac Sclan, spcially as m cupls a xps h nancial sain puchasing hihus ih h c ucing paiy pgssin. [6.7].




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Ilan s G 11

In Figus 2 5 h is an appxima mach bn h tal Abin ras an h shallbl placmn lvl h tal Filiy ra. L abin as a appanly link highiliy as in Ilan an Nhn Ilan, hich a much na placmn lvl han hs h pas eup.

Jus h l abin as in Ilan an Nhn Ilan a cmpa hs in Biain is shnby tabl 2.

able 2 ARs: otal Abortion Rates in island of Ireland and Britain

Ireland Northern Ireland England & Wales Scotland

1971 0.04 0.05 0.29 0.201981 0.14 0.13 0.36 0.28

1991 0.15 0.15 0.45 0.33

2001 0.22 0.14 0.51 0.36

2009 0.13 0.10 0.53 0.39

2010 0.13 0.09 0.52 0.39

A p in Ppulain tns 2009 [8] sai the historical pattern in crude birth rates for each of the fourUK countries is very similar. Bu h p gs n xplain ha h is sm ivgnc:

While over the last century the birth rate in Scotland has converged with and then fallen below the rates inEngland and in Wales, the birth rate in Northern Ireland has begun to converge but remains higher than

the rates observed in England and in Wales. A specific point of interest is that all countries of the UK haveexperienced a similar upturn of greater than 10 per cent in birth rates since the lows of 2001/02.[8]

Nhn Ilan lik lsh has sn a n la chilbaing ih a paicula clin in hbih a mn in hi aly nis.

whil immigain in Nhn Ilan has bn much lss han ha in englan an wals,h has bn a signican cnibuin by mhs bn aba h cn upsing in h NhnIlan bih a [8]

deMoGrAPHIC dIStINCtIVeS ANd ABortIoNS: IreLANdANd NortHerN IreLANd

taiinally, Ilan an Nhn Ilan hav xhibi a high bih a, nihsaning a la ag maiag an la ag chilbaing. Tis pan cninus. In h avag ag a chilbaingin Ilan an Nhn Ilan cninus is, as shn in tabl 2, hil bh juisicins alsmanis h mn ns a clin in maiag an l iliy, in cnjuncin ih a gh inxamaial bihs, as a ppin all liv bihs. tabl 2 illusas ha Ialn cninus shhis mgaphic isinciv a ga g han Nhn Ilan.

Avag ags a hich mn giv bih hi s chil a shn in tabl 3.



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able 3 Average ages of women at birth of first child in Ireland, Northern Ireland and England & Wales

Ireland Northern Ireland England & Wales

1971 25.2 - 24.0

1981 25.0 24.5 25.6

1991 26.3 25.6 27.4

2001 27.6 26.6 29.5

2009 29.1 27.6 30.2

2010 28.9

whil h avag ag a s bih in Ilan an Nhn Ilan has isn, h is has bn m

pnunc in englan an wals sinc 1971. T has bn a ga paicipain by mals inhigh an uh ucain in englan an wals uing his pi an ga pssinal cappuniis mn.

In 1971, h aiinal pan hby mn in Nhn Ilan an spcially hs in Ilansa hi amilis la han in englan an wals, as sill appan an h aiinal pan la chilbih in Ilan cmpa Nhn Ilan is als sill appan in 2009.tabl 4 shs hs ns in spc h avag ag a chilbih all chiln.

able 4 Average ages at Childbearing in Ireland, Northern Ireland and England & Wales.

Ireland Northern Ireland England & Wales

1971 29.4 - 26.2

1981 28.9 27.6 26.8

1991 29.6 28.0 27.52001 30.3 29.4 29.0

2009 31.3 29.8 29.5

2010 31.5 29.9 29.5

In 2010 i sill u say ha n h islan Ilan hav hi chiln a a la ag han hsin englan an wals ih his pan m pnunc in Ilan, hil Nhn Ilan has aninmia ag chilbaing bn Ilan an englan & wals.




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Ilan s G 13

Figu 6 shs h ppin mai a ags 2529 hn yung mn a likly may an sa aamily. whas Ilan cninus manis h mgaphic isinciv la maiag, NhnIlan mainains a laivly high maiag a. T is a cnsisncy bn h high ppinmai an high bih a in Nhn Ilan an h l abin a h. Bu h is a paaxin h cnjuncin a high ppin mai in Nhn Ilan cmpa ih Ilan anh high ppin in Nhn Ilan xamaial bihs cmpa ih Ilan. In 2009, inIlan, 67% bihs mai pans bu his ai as 60.2% in Nhn Ilan.

t xamin his paax migh cnsi paiy pgssin in h juisicins, making us abls kinly suppli by Vial Saisics a h Cnal Saisical o c in Ilan an Cnsus NISrA

in Nhn Ilan.

able 5 Live Births within Marriage. Previous Live Born Children. Numbers and Proportions for 2009

Total Previous Live Born Children

0 1 2 and more

Ireland

Number 49,746 17,801 16,883 15,062

Proportion (%) 100% 35.8% 33.9% 30.3%

Northern Ireland

Number 15,008 5,444 5,374 4,190

Proportion (%) 100% 36.3% 35.8% 27.9%

tabl 5 shs his wihin Maiag 2009. I is appan ha h is a high paiy pgssin

ihin maiag in Ilan. Lss han 36% mai mhs giving bih in Ilan in 2009 a havinghi s chil hil h ppin is v 36% in Nhn Ilan. An lag amilis a min vinc in Ilan h v 30% hs bn ihin maiag alay hav 2 m siblings,cmpa lss han 28% in Nhn Ilan.

able 6. Live Births outside Marriage. Previous Live Born Children. Numbers and Proportions for 2009

Total Previous Live Born Children

0 1 2 and more

Ireland

Number 24,532 13,550 6,724 4,258

Proportion (%) 100% 55.2% 27.4% 17.4%

Northern Ireland

Number 9,902 5,289 2,803 1,810

Proportion (%) 100% 53.4% 28.3% 18.3%

whn cnsi paiy pgssin usi maiag shn in tabl 6, n i is high inNhn Ilan. In 2009, lss han 54% singl mhs giving bih a having hi s chil inNhn Ilan, has m han 55% a ing s in Ilan. Lag singl pan amilis a min vinc in Nhn Ilan. ov 18% hs bn usi maiag in Nhn Ilan havalay m siblings, hil h ppin in Ilan is lss han 18%.

I sms la bns in Nhn Ilan, as in h s h UK, a m gnus an assissingl pans a hi amilis a ga xn han in Ilan, hil incm ax lis givm assisanc in Ilan mai cupls hav lag amilis. In Ilan h a chil axallancs min Incm tax pai by pans. whil in h UK, ha inclus Nhn Ilan,



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h a Chil Cis subjc manssing ha a spcially usul singl pans.

tns in abins an spcially h changing pan Nullipaus Abins, h h man hasn pviusly ha a ull m pgnancy, cmpa ih Paus abins in bh Iish juisicins alsflc hs maiag ns. T is knn b a high invs clain bn maial saus anabin as, ih mai mn having a much l incinc abin.

Figu 7 shs h laiv sizs Nullipaus an Paus tal Abin ras in Ilan anNhn Ilan sinc 1968. Ts a iv m ag spcic abulains suppli by hdpamn Halh in Lnn [1]. In bh Ilan an Nhn Ilan , h nullipaus abina is lss han hal h englan an wals a in h 1980s. High paiy pgssin in NhnIlan amng singl pans cnibus h spcially l a paus abins h, hil hhigh ppin mai h cspns h spcially l a nullipaus abins.

able 7 Number of women resident in Ireland and Northern Ireland having Parous nd Nulliparous Abortions in England

during selected Years since 1968.

Ireland Northern Ireland

Nulliparous Parous %Nulliparous Nulliparous Parous %Nulliparous

1971 428 136 75.89 441 188 70.11

1981 2,480 1,106 69.16 965 486 66.51

1991 2,802 1,411 66.51 1,192 587 67.00

2001 4,194 2,479 62.85 936 641 59.35

2009 2,512 1,910 56.81 609 514 54.23

2010 2,500 1,902 56.79 566 535 51.41




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Ilan s G 15

T pcnag nullipaus abins a aun 57% in 2010 in h Ilan mains high han inenglan & wals. In bh juisicins n h islan Ilan, h incas ppin pausabins in cn yas can b link h gh in singl paning an h clin in maiag.Tis flcs h cninuing mgaphic isincivs la maiag, la chilbaing an high bihas in h juisicins an by cmpaisn ih englan & wals, i flcs h l ppin bihs usi lck n h islan. T vy l Nhn Ilan a nullipaus abins canb link h high ppin mn mai in h ag gup 2529 as shn abv in Figu 6.



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CHAPter 2

Ppulain pjcins illusa h Filiy andmgaphic Pl in Ilan an Nhn Ilanmigh chang ih libalisain abin las.NortHerN IreLANd SINCe 1968

wha migh hav bn h mgaphic impac applying h 1967 Abin Ac Nhn Ilan?

Sclan, h h wsmins 1967 Abin Ac applis, pvis a gui ha migh hav bnh xpinc in Nhn Ilan, i h abin la ha bn libalis. Sclan has a similaculual an ligius aiin Nhn Ilan an scicnmic cniins a als similaih bh pas h UK xpincing a signican clin in aiinal inusis. T sam axainan la sysms ha ac amilis ih chiln a in pain in bh Nhn Ilan anSclan. Fuhm, h sysm scial husing pvisin is simila in bh juisicins an asalay allu scial husing nans h n m h Husing excuiv in Nhn Ilan m lcal auhiis in Sclan hav h igh buy hi hm.

able 8 shows the changed demographic profile in Scotland over the last ten years. 100,000s Persons

2001 2010

0-14 9.07 8.52

% 17.9 16.3

15-64 33.50 34.91

% 66.2 66.9

65+ 8.05 8.79

% 15.9 16.8

Total 50.62 52.22

% 100.0 100.0

A 1968 bas ppulain pjcin has bn calcula illusa h c assuming Scishabin as appli Nhn Ilan sinc 1968 ih a cspningly uc iliy a inNhn Ilan v h pi. In his pjcin i as als assum ha h xpinc as maliy an migain unal. T Nhn Ilan iliy a sinc 1968 as uc byh inc bn h sima abin as in Sclan an Nhn Ilan a a six mnhsim lag.

tabl 9 summais h his hyphical ppulain vlpmn (II) cmpas ih h cial hisicsimas(I) h ppulain Nhn Ilan.

Ppulain pjcins illusa h Filiy an dmgaphic Pan Nhn Ilan migh chang ih libalisain abin las. n las.



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able 9 . Summary table for Northern Ireland. 100,000s Persons.

Age Group

1971 1981 1991 2001 2010

I II I II I II I II I II

0-14 4.57 4.53 4.15 3.99 3.92 3.72 3.70 3.34 3.58 3.03

% 29.6 29.5 26.9 26.1 24.4 23.6 21.9 20.4 19.9 17.7

15-64 9.18 9.18 9.41 9.41 10.07 9.98 10.95 10.77 11.81 11.43

% 59.6 59.7 61.0 61.6 62.7 63.2 64.8 65.9 65.6 67.0

65+ 1.66 1.66 1.88 1.88 2.08 2.08 2.24 2.24 2.60 2.60

% 10.8 10.8 12.2 12.3 13.0 13.2 13.3 13.7 14.5 15.3

Total 15.40 15.37 15.43 15.28 16.07 15.78 16.89 16.34 17.99 17.06

I Hisic Ppulain Mal an FmalII Pjc Ppulain ih Ajus FiliyTis pjcin inicas ha i Scish abin as ha appli Nhn Ilan ih acspning ucin in h Nhn Iish bih a v h pi 1968 2010, h NhnIlan ppulain ul b 1.71 millin in 2010 in cnas h cial sima 1.8millin 2010. T pjcin als shs an l mgaphic pl 2010 han is n p. In 2010h ag gup 014 as 19.9%, naly 20%, h ppulain. Bu i Scish abin as ha applihis ppin ul b lss han 18%.

deMoGrAPHIC ProSPeCtS For IreLANd

H migh h uu mgaphic pl chang ih libalisain h abin la?

Psnly Ilan njys a yuhul mgaphic pl ha cmpas avuably ih h vlpcunis.

tabl 10 shs h cmpaisn ih h UK an Gmany an Japan 2001 h isibuin hIish ppulain v h ag gups. In h UK Pnsinabl Ag has bn ais as a ay managingh incas cs bun paying lag pnsins hn h cs is b spa v a laivlyuc ppulain king ag. In Gmany an Japan i has bn un incasingly i cul cv m cssin bcaus lack cnsum man n h pa an ag ppulain an his a ga lianc n xps any uu cnmic upsing.

able 10. otal Population 2001 (Millions)

AgeUK Ireland Germany Japan

Number % Number % Number % Number %

0-14 10.85 18.0 0.83 21.6 12.9 15.6 18.55 14.6

15-64 39.93 66.2 2.58 67.1 56.3 67.8 85.99 67.8

65+ 9.51 15.8 0.44 11.4 13.8 16.6 22.23 17.5

Total 60.27 100.0 3.84 100.0 83.03 100.0 126.77 100.0

Sucs: nainal b sis an hp://.inxmuni.cm

whas h v 65 ag gup accun 11.4% h ppulain in Ilan in 2001, i as 17.5%in Japan. T m yuhul ppulain in Ilan, ih a high ppin in h king ags an al ppin in h l ag gups, has ma pssibl l PrSI (Pay rla Scial Insuanc)Cnibuins hich a lss han scial scuiy css in h vlp cunis.



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18

T n cninu ih a ga ivgnc manis in 2011 as shn in tabl 11.

able 11 otal Population 2011 (Millions)

Age

UK Ireland Germany Japan

Number % Number % Number % Number %

0-14 10.88 17.4 0.99 21.1 10.85 13.3 16.60 13.1

15-64 41.48 66.2 3.14 67.3 53.85 66.1 80.94 64.0

65+ 10.34 16.5 0.54 11.6 16.77 20.6 28.93 22.9

Total 62.70 100.0 4.67 100.0 81.47 100.0 126.48 100.0

Sucs: nainal b sis an hp://.inxmuni.cm

H can n h lly, v ag 65, a 22.9% h Japans ppulain bu nly 11.6% hIish ppulain.

t illusa h h uu pspcs h mgaphic pl Ilan migh b ac bylibalisain h abin la, a pjcins bas a miya 2010 ppulain Ilanbain m h CSo b si, hav bn ma. Pjcin 1 assum ha abin as in Ilanincas linaly v 10 yas cnvg ih 2010 Scish abin as ih a cspning ucinin iliy m 2010 as. Z n migain an a 1% p annum ucin in maliy m 2010 asassum. Pjcin II assum ha iliy main cnsan a 2010 lvls in Ilan. Pjcin II asas spci n h CSo b si ih assumpins high migain an iliy.

T suls a shn in tabl 12 2021 an 2031 cmpaing h suls ih h UK an Japan.

able 12. 12a. Offi cial and Projected Population 2021 (Millions of Persons)

Age

UK

Ireland

JapanI II III

Number % Number % Number % Number % Number %

0-14 11.95 17.8 0.87 17.7 0.90 18.3 1.02 19.1 16.92 13.4

15-64 42.34 63.0 3.27 66.6 3.27 66.1 3.57 66.6 74.28 59.0

65+ 12.90 19.2 0.77 15.7 0.77 15.6 0.77 14.4 34.66 27.5

Total 67.19 100.0 4.90 100.0 4.94 100.0 5.36 100.0 123.57 100.0

12b. Offi cial and Projected Population 2030 (Millions)

Age

UK

Ireland

JapanI II III

Number % Number % Number % Number % Number %

0-14 11.99 16.9 0.70 14.9 0.79 16.4 0.94 16.2 13.23 11.3

15-64 43.29 61.2 3.30 65.4 3.32 64.3 3.72 64.8 69.58 59.2

65+ 15.47 21.9 0.97 19.7 0.97 19.3 1.03 19.0 34.77 29.6

Total 70.75 100.0 4.98 100.0 5.08 100.0 5.69 100.0 117.58 100.0

tabl 12 shs a lss yuhul pl Ialn in uu yas Pjcin I, flc libalisain h abin la. Accing his pjcin chiln ag un 15 ill b lss han 15% hppulain in 2031.

CHAPter 2 Ppulain pjcins illusa h Filiy an dmgaphic Pan Nhn Ilan migh chang ih libalisain abin las.

n as...



19/32

Ilan s G 19

SoUrCeS

tal Ppulain Ilan, Gmany an Japan 2001 an all aa h ya 2011 hp://.inxmuni.cm

tal Ppulain UK 2001 hp://n.ikipia.g/iki/dmgaphy__h_Uni Kingm

daa UK Ppulain Pjcin hp://.ga.gv.uk/dmgaphy%20daa/Ppulain/inx aspx?y=2006&v=Pincipal

daa Japan Ppulain Pjcin hp://.ipss.g.jp/ppns//ppf02/_1_.hml

I Ajus Filiy ras, assuming Abin ras cnvgs linaly v n yas h Scish ras an z n migain

II 2010 Filiy ras ih z n migain 2010 simas, 2006 bas

III o cial as n CSo bsi ih assumpins iliy an migain as bl (Mh M2F2)

F2: tFr cas 1.65 by 2016 an main cnsan haM2: Immigain cninuing a m ma lvls

+50,000 p annum in 2006/2011 +35,000 p annum in 2011/2016



+10,000 p annum in 2036/2041



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20

CHAPter 3.

Manal Halh an Nnaal Halh Inans inIlan an Nhn Ilan sinc 1968T is knn b high isks Sillbihs an Pmau Bihs (an als L wigh babisbn) hn mn hav ha pvius inuc abins. T isk mn giving bih pmaulylling an abin ha can lav a man ih siual amag has lng bn cgnis [9].

able 13. Stillbirth Rate per 1000 live births in Ireland, Northern Ireland, England & Wales and Scotland


1971 18.0 14.3 13.3 12.5

1981 8.2 8.8 6.3 6.6

1991 7.6 4.7 5.5 4.6

2001 5.7 5.1 5.7 5.3

2009 3.2 4.8 5.4 5.2

2010 3.8 4.1 4.9 5.1

F h pi sinc 1968, hav UK an Iish l aa sillbihs as shn in tabl 13. T hasbn a nicably ga impvmn in Ilan an Nhn Ilan in his a v h pi hanin englan & wals an Sclan.

ras sill bihs in h juisicins a n l han hs in Biain. Psumably h lincinc inuc abin amng mn in Ilan an Nhn Ilan has hlp accmplishhis halh gain.

able 14. Low weight Births (under 2500g) per 1000 Live births.


All Singleton All Singleton All Singleton All Singleton

1999 49.9 37.0 61.9 49.9 75.7 - 71.2 54.8

2000 48.7 38.0 61.0 49.0 75.5 62.6 72.8 57.2

2001 51.8 39.4 59.6 51.1 75.8 62.2 71.2 55.4

2002 49.4 38.2 62.9 49.4 77.0 65.0 71.5 55.6

2003 45.0 38.3 59.5 45.0 76.5 68.8 71.5 57.7

2004 49.8 36.3 59.0 49.8 75.3 66.8 74.4 59.6

2005 50.3 36.2 60.1 50.2 74.8 64.5 69.5 55.72006 50.1 38.7 63.3 50.1 74.8 60.6 72.4 59.1

2007 52.8 40.2 58.7 52.6 71.4 57.7 65.3 53.4

2008 57.4 41.3 59.8 56.2 71.4 59.4 67.0 53.9

2009 54.3 39.7 61.1 53.1 - 56.3 68.4 52.3

Ilan has a much l incinc l igh babis (lss han 2500gm) bn han englan & walsan Nhn Ilan als has a l incinc his cniin. Tis is shn in tabl 14 an can blink h l incinc inuc abin amng mn n h islan Ilan. T ppin l igh mulipl bih can b influnc by us mn iliy amns ha la muliplbihs. english suis [10] hav shn ha h a l igh babis is much high amng unmaimhs, h abins a m cmmn, a ga xn han h auhs xplain by pivain scicnmic cniins. T inc bn h Ilan an Nhn Ilan, hby Nhn

CHAPter 3 Manal Halh an Nnaal Halh Inans in Ilan an Nhn Ilan sinc 1968



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Ilan s G 21

Ilan has ppinaly m l igh babis, is cnsisn ih h high ppin bihsusi maiag in Nhn Ilan. Unmai mn a m likly xhibi h isk acs suchas pivain, p i an smking ha a cnuciv l bih igh.

able 15. Very low weight Births (under 1500g) per 1000 Live births. Ireland and Great Britain


All Singleton All Singleton All Singleton All Singleton

1999 8.3 6.5 9.5 n/a 12.8 10.6 7.8

2000 8.4 6.6 11.7 - 12.4 10.8 10.6 8.0

2001 8.5 6.0 10.7 - 12.5 11.1 11.6 8.9

2002 8.2 6.3 11.9 - 12.5 11.5 10.6 8.0

2003 7.1 6.0 11.5 - 12.7 14.6 11.1 9.0

2004 8.8 6.3 10.9 - 12.3 12.0 11.2 8.9

2005 8.4 6.2 12.0 - 12.4 11.5 10.9 8.8

2006 8.6 6.5 11.2 - 12.3 9.6 11.1 8.6

2007 9.0 6.8 10.6 - 11.4 9.2 10.1 8.2

2008 10.7 7.8 11.0 - 12.3 12.4 10.7 8.8

2009 10.5 8.2 - - - 9.0 10.7 7.7

tabl 15 shs a simila pan in spc vy l igh bihs. Sclan has an abin a hais inmia bn englan & wals an ha in Ilan an Nhn Ilan bu has a highppin bihs usi lck han englan. Sm h high incinc l igh bihs inenglan is aibuabl a m numus cmmuniy Asian igin h hav l bih ighs asa gnic nncy. Bu pm bihs masu as lss han 37 ks gsainal ag a als lssqun ccunc in Ilan an Nhn Ilan, spcially in h m, as shn in tabl 16 anhis masu is n ac by gnic chaacisics Asians.

able 16. Preterm Births rate per 1000 live


2000 43.1 n/a 72.8 73.1

2005 43.4 - 69.7 73.3

2007 43.0 - 39.7 69.1

2008 44.9 - 51.8 70.9

2009 45.9 - 50.7 75.6

CereBrAL PALSY

able 17. New cases of Cerebral Palsy in Northern Ireland. Numbers per annum and rates.

Number of Cases Rate (per 1,000 live births)

77-08 55 2.19

98-08 50 2.21

2004 56 2.51

2005 47 2.10

2006 51 2.19

2007 40 1.64

2008 44 1.72

Suc: rgis Cbal Palsy in Nhn Ilan, Blas.[11]



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22

tabl 17 shs h h numb cass cbal palsy c by h Nhn Ilan rgishas n avag aun 50 p annum in Nhn Ilan sinc h 1998 an h a has bnaun ha 2.21 p 1000 liv bihs ih h avag a in h las 5 yas 2008 bing 2.03. whilh rgis Cbal Palsy in Nhn Ilan sill pas h giss in h UK hav caspains. F h Uni Kingm as a hl h a cbal palsy is uns b aun1 in 400 liv bihs 2.5 p husan. I is amng pmau bihs ha cbal palsy is spciallycmmn.(Shah al 2009)[12] Tis analysis ns h pm bih a in Nhn Ilan is l anh is a l a pmau bihs in Nhn Ilan. Ts nings suggs h ciical ncssiy uh valua h cs abin n pm bih, spcially in h ligh n inmainin pm bih in is lainship abin. [12] Public halh cials an MLAs mus hughly

valua his mns halh n nly is impac n h halhca inasucu bu is impac nmns halh an h amily

MAterNAL deAtHS

Abin las hav bn libalis in cunis h h hav bn lag numbs manal ahsaibuabl clansin abins. In Ilan h n in manal ahs uing h pi sinc1968 has cm cmpa m avuably ih Biain as shn in Figu 8.

Figure 8 Comparison of the Maternal Death Rate per 100,000 livebirths in Ireland,

Northern Ireland, England & Wales and Scotland1968 to 2010

0.0

5.010.015.020.025.030.0

68 to 7270 to 7472 to 7674 to 7876 to 8078 to 8280 to 8482 to 8684 to 8886 to 9088 to 9290 to 9492 to 9694 to 9896 to 0098 to 0200 to 0402 to 0604 to 0806 to 10

Rate per 100,000 live

IrelandNorthern IrelandEngland & WalesScotland

whas Ilan has shn cnsiabl impvmn in his masu, v h pi sinc 1968,Nhn Ilan, h h numbs a small, has hisically ha vy manal ahs bu hascnly sn sm iain.

CHAPter 3 Manal Halh an Nnaal Halh Inans in Ilan an Nhn Ilan sinc 1968



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Ilan s G 23

CHAPter 4

Mnal Halh mn in Ilan anNhn Ilan sinc 1968A cnly publish pap in h Biish Junal Psychiay 2011 (Clman)[13] has p ha h isks mnal illnss ps abin a incas:

Women who had undergone an abortion experienced an 81% increased risk of mental health problems, and, nearly10% of the incidence of mental health problems was shown to be attributable to abortion. It was also concluded that

increased risk occurred pertained to substance abuse and suicidal behaviour.

SUICIde

able 18. Female suicide rate per 100,000 women in the Ireland, Northern Ireland, England & Wales and Scotland.


1971 - 3.3 8.4 -

1981 3.8 3.7 8.1 -

1991 3.2 5.6 5.1 6.9

2001 3.8 3.2 5.1 9.2

2009 5.1 4.9 4.6 7.4

2010 4.4 - - 7.4

tabl 18 cmpas h nainal suici as mn n h islans Biain an Ilan. T as suici amng hs m h islan Ilan hav bn l in h pi sinc 1968. Fuh analysis his ning in h cnx cnuning vaiabls ul b usul. Hv, lng m (alms 40 yas aa) clgical suis lik h psn n ih manal mnal halh ucms, all qusinsgaing h impac abin n mnal halh b bugh h anin lgislas an public halhganizains.USe oF PSYCHotroPIC ANtI-dePreSSANtS IN IreLANd ANd NortHerN IreLANd

In Ilan an Nhn Ilan, as lsh, h is an incas in us anipssans. Us anipssans is paiculaly asscia ih mn h hav abins, bh b hy hav abins [14,15]an ps abin. daa m NHS Pscipin Saisics in Biain an h Pimay Ca rimbusmnAgncy in Ilan nabl cmpaisns usag in Ilan ih Biain 8 h ms ppula amns

his kin.

F h Ilan, h Pimay Ca rimbusmn Agncy cvs h paymn hs amns a lagpa h ppulain, hil h UK Nainal Halh Svic cvs h hl ppulain in wals anSclan an Nhn Ilan. Making allanc h siz h ppulains, his cmpaisn suggss hacnsumpin hs is lss in Ilan.

Pvius k by ran, al, 2003[16], un using inpain mnal halh claims in alms 60,000mn ih n pi psychiaic halh claims in h ya pi, ha, hs ih abins (sm 15,000+) ha160% m al mnal halh claims ihin 90 ays hi abin cmpa hs giving bih. Acssh 4 yas sui, h 110% m claims ajusmn acin, 90% singl pssiv psychsis,110% cun pssiv psychsis, an 200% incas in bipla is.[16] Hv, cauin mus bxcis hn cmpaing in mgaphic gups. Again, hs nings in a lag, muliya, aabas

suggs public halh cials an lgislas, h n ass hs nings in hi ppulains.



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24

may b lss in Ilan, vn a alling h ac ha many mn in h Sa n hav mical casan a n cv by h schms aminis by h Pimay Ca rimbusmn Agncy, hich ph aa n is b si.

In Nhn Ilan an Sclan, h pscibing ugs ihu a chag may hav l vpscibing. Inenglan, ms pscipins anipssans a ispns chag bu sm pay h 7.40 chag ha

has bn aiv lsh in h UK.

In Ilan, a 0.50 chag has bn inuc hs h hav mical cas. wmn ihu micalcas in Ilan hav pay anipssans, hich a qui xpnsiv bu a imbus h xcss ih al mnhly cs hi pscipins xcs 120 an his las gup a cun in h abv aa Ilan.

wmns mnal halh has ia in englan. Accing Aul Psychiaic Mbiiy Suvy 2007.Lnn

Te proportion of women (aged 16 to 64) suffering a common mental disorder (CMD) typically depression oranxiety increased from 19.1 per cent in 1993 to 21.5 per cent in 2007Te largest increase in rate of CMD was inwomen aged 45-64 among whom the rate rose by a fifth. [17]

Ts m cn chs mn in englan hav xpinc a high abin a. CMds spcially cmmn amng black mn [17] amng hm h is als a high abin a.

In Ilan h sm n hav bn cn suvys mnal halh. T Mnal Halh CmmissinAnnual rp 2010 [18] un ha Invlunay Amissins mnal halh hspials v h yas2007 2010 pp 8% m 2126 1952, hm 34% mal. In Nhn Ilan, h Halhan Scial wllbing Suvy 2005/06 [19] un ha 21% mn likly sh signs a mnalhalh pblm, hich is slighly l han h cspning gu 23% shing such signs in h BiishPsychiaic Mbiiy Suvy [17]. Pscipin chags in Nhn Ilan scapp m Apil 1 in2010. T m Halh Minis Michal McGimpsy scib i as h n a ax n illnss.[20] dBian dunn h Biish Mical Assciains Nhn Ilan Cuncil aibu h high usag anipssan ugs h lgacy h tubls an p mnal halh svics.[20] T nings in his p

cnm h ugn n xpl h impac abin svics n mns halh in Ilan, NhnIlan an Biain.

CHAPter 4 Mnal Halh mn in Ilan an Nhn Ilan sinc 1968


th is havy usag hs igh cmmnly pscib anipssans. Usag


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Ilan s G 25

CHAPter 5

Bas Canc.T Canc Alas h Uni Kingm an Ilan, publish in 2005, [21] un a l a malbas canc incinc hughu h islan Ilan. Ta pimilgical suy us sval yas aa 199499 m Ilan, h gisain cmmnc in 1994, an 19931999 m Nhn Ilan,h canc gisain cmmnc in 1993.

T l incinc bas canc in Ilan an Nhn Ilan is h m makabl hn haiin la chilbaing n h islan is n in cnjuncin ih h cmpaaiv nglc basing. An aly ag a s bih an basing a pciv agains bas canc. Bu h lincinc bas canc amng mn m h islan Ilan bcms m xplicabl i h labin a amng mn m h islan is acknlg as a lvan ac in cnjuncin ih hcninuain high iliy. T spcially l incinc as in Nhn Ilan can b ga ascnsisn ih h Nhn Ilans l abin a m h 1970s cmpa Ilan. Canc inIlan: A cmphnsiv p publish in Apil 2009[22] un mal bas canc (malignanICd10C50) incidence rates were 3.5% lower in Northern Ireland than in Ireland during 200-2004., hichis all h m makabl as scning v ha pi as m vlp in Nhn Ilan. T samp [22] un in spc incinc acss bh juisicin n h islan ha incidence rates during1998-2000 were lower than in the EU (15 countries), UK, USA, Canada and Australia.

As shn in tabl 19, bas canc as amng mn in Ilan an Nhn Ilan m 1999 2007 l n avag han as amng hs in Biain.

T a als appan yanya flucuains in as, sm hich is aibuabl h cs bas canc scning pgamms ha cv mn in ain by ag. Scning sas a ag 50 in hUK, incluing Nhn Ilan, hugh sm mn civ ls inviing scning a ag 49. T UKscning pgamm sa in Biain cv ag gups 50 64 an ach ull ppulain cvagaun 1994 an in Nhn Ilan i sa in 1993. In Ilan, h scning pgamm sa lain 2000, als cving mn v 50. In h la h has bn a m cn inucin igialscning machins, hich a m cin a cing cancs, spcially in siu cancs.

Canc Ilan 2011 [23] ps:

Breast cancer incidence has generally been increasing with an average APC of 1.9 for the period 1994-2009.Tere appears to have been an increase in incidence in 2000-2002 at the start of the national breast screening

programme in the east of the country, and a second increase in 2007 with the roll out of this programme to the restof Ireland.

able 19 Malignant Breast Cancer Incidence rate per 100,000 Women aged 45-49 and 50-54


45-49 50-54 45-49 50-54 45-49 50-54 45-49 50-54

1995 163.6 227.5 177.9 257.7 170.5 253.4 185.5 266.0

2000 92.5 180.2 184.5 242.3 182.7 275.2 178.1 306.4

2005 135.3 167.4 179.0 213.7 185.7 265.4 171.1 262.1

2006 113.4 177.7 184.9 208.9 185.9 262.3 178.8 271.3

2007 115.6 201.7 160.6 292.9 181.2 258.7 178.3 289.3

2008 150.2 219.2 196.1 260.7 196.1 271.8 176.7 253.2

2009 134.8 191.1 177.3 300.9 202.2 274.2 187.2 282.2

Bas canc is knn vay in incinc ih h cs hmnal an puciv isk acs.



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26

whas chilbaing an bas ing a pciv agains bas canc, a la ag a s bih,chillssnss, inuc abin pi s m pgnancy an pm livy pi 32 ks,an hmnal amns such as Hmn rplacmn Tapy an oal Cnacpivs a psiivisk acs.

M sabl han h yaly incinc as a h cumula ch as (bing lss flciv vaiains in scning aciviy). Figu 10 shs h hs sh small incass in cn yas Nhn Ilan an Figu 11 shs h hs hav shn sm incas Ilan. Ts gusals sh h cumula abin as h sam chs mn. High clains bnch abin an bas canc as in bh juisicins an lsh [24] suggs ha h

cumula ch abin as can b usul pics incinc ns in mal bas canc.

Clain C cin: 0.54

Clain C cin : 0.77

Figu 11 shs bas canc incinc iscv ihin ags 50 54 in Ilan. T n in cn

CHAPter 5 Bs Canc



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Ilan s G 27

yas has shn small incass unil h las yas.

Fcass publish in 2007 [24] 8 eupan cunis bas canc incinc in uu yas. Tscass us mlling in hich abin as an iliy as a h xplanay vaiabls. Ts cvNhn Ilan an Ilan, h laivly small incass in incinc anicipa, an englan & walsan Sclan, h lag incass cas, m hi high abin as pi s m livy anl bih as.

tabl 20 shs h hs cass hav pm h yas sinc 2005 up 2009 Ilan , NhnIlan, englan & wals an Sclan.

able 20. Forecast and Observed Breast Cancer Incidence

able 20A. Number of Cases of Malignant Breast Cancer Observed v. Predicted


Year Expected ObservedObs/Exp(%) Expected Observed

Obs/Exp(%) Expected Observed


Obs/Exp(%)

05 2336 2195 95.4 1117 1134 94.9 40,018 40,854 102.1 3917 3996 102.0

06 2381 2289 96.1 1161 984 84.8 41,120 40,754 99.1 4067 4156 102.2

07 2426 2503 103.2 1185 1159 97.8 42,222 40,747 96.5 4171 4141 99.3

08 2470 2808 113.7 1208 1168 96.7 43,325 42,616 98.4 4274 4318 101.0

09 2515 2766 110.0 1232 1204 97.7 44,427 43,184 97.2 4378 4392 100.3

able 20B. Number of Cases In Situ Breast Cancer Incidence in Ireland, N. Ireland and Britain Observed v Predicted


Year Expected ObservedObs/Exp(%) Expected Observed



Obs/Exp(%)

05 163 177 108.6 87 108 124.1 3848 4445 115.5 345 439 127.2

06 166 204 122.9 89 106 118.6 3953 4676 118.3 354 444 125.3

07 169 221 130.8 92 144 156.9 4058 4854 119.6 364 414 113.8

08 172 318 184.9 94 134 142.3 4163 5122 123.0 373 456 122.2

09 175 390 222.9 97 170 176.0 4268 5077 119.0 383 432 112.9

able 20C. Number of cases of Breast Cancer Incidence, Malignant and In Situ in Ireland, N. Ireland and Britain Observed v Predicted


Year Expected Observed Obs/Exp(%) Expected Observed Obs/Exp(%) Expected Observed Obs/Exp(%) Expected Observed Obs/Exp(%)

05 2499 2405 96.2 1224 1187 97.0 43,866 45,299 103.3 4308 4513 104.8

06 2547 2493 97.9 1250 1090 87.2 45,073 45,430 100.8 4421 4600 104.0

07 2595 2721 105.0 1276 1303 102.1 46,280 45,601 98.5 4534 4555 100.5

08 2642 3126 118.3 1303 1302 100.0 47,488 47,738 100.5 4648 4774 102.7

09 2690 3156 117.3 1329 1374 103.4 48,695 48,261 99.1 4761 4824 101.3

Acss h ba, pgss ih scning has bugh an incas in cin in siu cancs an his has bnspcially u Ilan sinc 2007.



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28

CHAPter 6.

disass h Immun Sysm.T ans al clls h mh in pgnancy an a labu can giv is avs acinin h mh ih cain cniins an isass bcming m pvaln. I is un ha casaianscin bihs bing aiinal isks his kin. [25] In a simila ay i is hugh ha inucabins can als b ccasins ans al clls s as puc a acin in h mhcnuciv isass such as rhumai Ahiis, Mulipl Sclsis, Sysmic Sclsis anTyiiis incluing Gavs an Hashims Tyiiis.[26]

Ts isass n b m cmmn amng mn bu a als un amng mn. T ai mal mal incinc cul b an inicain h such pgnancy la isk acs a akingc. whn h bih a cninus b high in Ilan an Nhn Ilan an h incinc inuc abins amng mn sin in hs juisicins l, may hav an inicain habin cmpas ih ull m pgnancy as a isk ac hs isass n h islan by makinginnainal cmpaisns.

tabl 21 shs h incinc hspial cass rhumai Ahiis cmpa in sval eupancunis. T mal mal ais n b l in Ilan an Nhn Ilan. w havcmpu h s ais his in tabl 22, h h numbs h juisicins a agggaan h numbs all gins summ h pi2005 2008. whn h bih as in Ilanan Nhn Ilan a high an abin as l i is suggs ha h l abin as culb pciv agains his isas amng hi mn. Fuh suy hs nings ih cnls

cnuning vaiabls cul claiy his assciain.able 21. Rates per 100,000 males or females of hospital treatments.

rmaid Aiis ICD-10 AMM05-M06

*2008 gus a pvisinal Ilan

Rates per 100,000

2007 2008

Male FemaleMale/Female Male Female

Male/Female

Sweden (hospital Discharges) 110.2 301.1 2.7 115.9 322.6 2.8

Sweden (Patients) 66.4 188.8 2.8 69.1 197.7 2.9

England 50.1 136.1 2.7 54.4 147.6 2.7

Finland (Hospital discharges) 136.6 425.0 3.1 136.2 422.2 3.1Finland (Patients) 92.0 291.3 3.2 92.1 285.5 3.1

Scotland 22.2 79.4 3.6 14.7 53.1 3.6

Ireland* 103.7 198.3 1.9 101.6 185.0 1.8

Northern Ireland 228.3 605.0 2.6 238.3 681.1 2.9

CHAPter 6 disass h Immun Sysm



29/32

Ilan s G 29

able 22. Numbers of patients discharged 2005-2008 outside and inside two jurisdictions on the island of Ireland. Odds

ratios and 95% CIs(Confidence Intervals).

rmaid Aiis ICD-10 AMM05-M06Male Female Male/Female Ratio

Countries not incl.Ireland & NI 81928 239769 2.9

Ireland & NI 12334 29514 2.4

Odds ratio 0.8176

95% CI 0.7995 0.8362

T is als sm vinc h isass h immun sysm such as sm kins Tyiiisan Sclsis ha mal mal ais a high in Ilan in spc cass ami hspials.F hs h isass, incluing Gavs an Hashims hyiiis ha a m n a apimay ca lvl an n hspials, h numbs a small an h incs in s

ais lss signican.



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30

rncs1. Abin Saisics publish annually by oNS an m 2002 by h dpamn Halh englan &

wals an by ISdNHS Inmain an Saisics divisin h Nainal Halh in Sclan Sclan.2. Numbs Iish abins in h Nhlans m Cisis Pgnancy Agncy, dublin.3. Numbs Iish abins in Sclan m ISd NHS in einbugh.4. Numbers of Legally Induced Abortions within Northern Ireland. .Sxual Halh Inmain. dpamn

Halh, Scial Say an Public Halh in Nhn Ilan5. Improving knowledge regarding abortions performed on Irish women in the UK. Sv Clmns an rg Ingham.

Cisis Pgnancy Agncy. dublin 2006.6. Te Decline of Fertility in Scotland compared with England. Paick Call. Innainal Cngss Acuais.

Pais 2006 availabl a his UrL n h Cngss bsi: hp://.ica2006.cm/3071.hml7. Te Demographic Impact of Legally Induced Abortion after 40 Years in Great Britain. Junal Scial Scincs

Vl. 19, Numb 3 Jun 2009 pp 173177. link: hp://.kpublishs.cm/02Junals/JSS/JSS19000009wb/JSS19300009AbsPdF/JSS1931732009850CallP/JSS1931732009850CallPt.p

8. A demographic portrait of Northern Ireland. Population rends 135 Spring 2009. o c Nainal Saisics.Lnn

9. rny B, Calhun BC Induce abortion and risk of later premature births. J Am Physicians and Surgeons 2003.8(2):4649 .jpans.g/vl18n2/ny.p

10. Bak A C an Lyna Clak. Risk Factors for low birth weight based on birth registration and census information.englan & wals. Halh Saisics Qualy N 30 Summ 2006 pp1521.

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About the report

T discsss cnsqncs f ain laws in Ilandand Nn Iland cmad s lsw in sc f dmgayand al f wmn n island f Iland sinc 1968.

About the Authorpaick Call M.A., F.I.A. is an acay and saisician w ascnid sval as acaial lia. h is a fvis wks lisd y pAprI a incld: pnsin Ag in a CangingSciy(1990), Ain and pgnancy rlad risk Facs in fmalbas Canc(2001) and Assssing Damag (2007).

About pAprI (Caiy rgisain Nm 327942)T pnsin and plain rsac Insi was gisd as a caiy in

1979 i e l d i d i l i T i l j f pAprI

pic 7 uK 5 uS $10

ISbN 0-9514532-3-8

Irelands Gain

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