1305

SCOTLAND.(FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENTS.)

Glasgow University. t tTHE graduation ceremony closing the winter session of the al

university took place on April 23rd. Among those who £received the honorary degree of LL.D. were Andrew CecilBradley, M.A., formerly professor of English literature inthe University ; Charles Scott Dickson, K.C., M.P., Solicitor-General for Scotland; and Arthur William Rucker, D.Sc., r,

F.R.S., secretary of the Royal Society. The degree of M.D. 9

was conferred on Alfred George Newell, M.B., C.M., Ursula t

Chaplin, M.B., C.M., and George Mervyn Sydenham, M.B., fO.M. Mr. Newell was " commended" for his thesis on s

,Insanitary Areas and Houses in Bombay and their Relation n

to Plague, with a Suggested Scheme of Improvement." The t

following medical graduates received the degree of D.Sc. : tWalter King Hunter, M.D., B.Sc., Adam Brown Kelly, M.B.,B.Se., Robert Stevenson Thomson, M.D., B Sc , andJames Sim Wallace, M.D., B. Sc. Among the University tprizes the Dobbie-Smith gold medal for the best essay ton a subject within the limits of the science of t

botany with an illustrative series of microscopic and macro- t

scopic specimens was awarded to Daisy Annabella Murdoch r

Clark, M.B., B.Sc., the junior Arnott prize in physiology was 1divided between William B. Morton Martin and John Logan sStewart, M.A., and the senior Arnott prize was gained by (

Joseph White, M.A., B Sc. The most distinguished M.A. (for the year (1900) was adjudged to be Mabel Atkinson ; athis lady accordingly received the Thomas Logan Memorial tmedal. The various class prizes and medals were also announced, Miss Gertrude Bostock, B.Sc., winning at Queen Margaret College medals in medicine, in surgery, and in pathology. The ceremony was closed by an address from 1the very Rev. Principal Story, LL.D. The Principal firstmade acknowledgment of the benefactions received by theUniversity during the academic year. These included the sumof £11,000 presented by the late Mr. T. B. Thomson for thereconstruction of the anatomical school, a sum of .&12CO forthe foundation of a scholarship in pathology in memory ofthe late Professor Joseph Coats, and various other donationstowards objects connected with the arts and sciencefaculties. The Principal also intimated that the appeal forfunds to increase and improve the medical and scientificlaboratories will shortly be placed formally before thepublic, and he announced that the subscription list towardsthis object already reached £34,000, this sum including twodonations of .&5000 each. In connexion with the celebrationof the ninth jubilee, which is to take place on June 12th,13th, and 14th, he stated that representatives were expectedfrom the English, Irish, Colonial, European, and Americanuniversities. The remainder of the address was occupiedwith a discussion of the true nature of education and of therelationship of the University to commercial and technicaleducation. One feature of the jubilee celebrations is to bethe issue of a memorial album to which many distinguishedgraduates have undertaken to contribute. Reminiscences ofthe old days when the college was situated in the High-street are to be supplied by Lord Lister. Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman, Professor James Bryce, Sir Henry Craik, Sir

William T. Gairdner, and Principal Rainy. The Rev. HenryGrey Graham has promised to write a historical sketch of theUniversity and an article on the development of the medicalfaculty will be contributed by Sir Hector Clare Cameron.Other contributors include the Master of Balliol, Sir LewisMorris, Mr. W. E. Henley, and Mr. Neil Munro. The albumis to contain illustrations by Mr. J. Guthrie, R.S.A., Mr. D. Y.Cameron, and Mr. Muirhead Bone, and the representatives of" Young Glasgow," both in art and literature, will add to theinterest of its pages. The corresponding secretary is Mr.Archibald Leitch, University Union, Glasgow. At theApril meeting of the University Court Dr. J. Hutchisonwas appointed a representative on the board of the VictoriaInfirmary in place of the late Dr. James Dunlop. It was

agreed to grant the use of the chemical department for theannual meeting of the Society of Chemical Industry. Aresolution received from the Students’ Representative Councilrecommending that the degree of Ch.M. be altered to Ch.D.,thus granting a doctorate in surgery, was remitted to theSenate for consideration.

17andsome Bequests to Hospitals.The trustees of the late Mr. William Houldsworth have

under the terms of his will intimated the following bequests:

Glasgow Royal Infirmary, £3500 ; Glasgow Western In-firmary, £3500 ; Ayr County Hospital, £1000 ; Royal Hos-pital for Sick Children, the Association for the Relief ofIncurables, and the Sick Poor and Private Nursing Associa-tion, Glasgow, each £250. A number of smaller sums arealso granted to several special hospitals and associations.Under the same will the University of Glasgow receives.62000 and the West of Scotland Technical College .61500.

Small-pox in Glasgow.The decline of the epidemic continues. The new cases

registered during the past fortnight numbered 67, as against92 in the previous fortnight, and the total actually undertreatment has fallen to 130. No new cases during thefortnight occurred in either the north-western or southsuburban districts of the city. According to recent state-ments of the convener of the Health Committee 302,000ofthe citizens have been revaccinated since the beginning ofthe year.

Pharmacy Prosecutions in Glasgow.The Pharmaceutical Society continues to give attention to

the sale of poisons in open surgeries. During the past weektwo cases have occurred in which assistants in such surgeries,unqualified under the Pharmacy Act, have been convicted ofthe sale of scheduled poisons. In one of the cases the poison-red precipitate in the form of an ointment-was not evenlabeled as required by law, and the sheriff, regarding this as.an aggravation of the offence, inflicted a fine of £4 andcosts. In the second case two scheduled poisons-viz.,carbolic acid and tincture of opium-were sold, and theaccused was fined i26 and expenses. The legal representa-tive for the defendant stated that his client had beenprevented from passing the final examination by extra workdue to the outbreak of small-pox. There seems to be nolimit to the apologetic burden to be placed to the debit ofthis unfortunate epidemic.April 30th.

IRELAND.(FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENTS.)

The Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast.MR. WILLIAM CBAWFORD, who has recently been

appointed chairman of the Board of Management of theRoyal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, has decided to present thehospital with a new and up-to date ambulance which will,be of the greatest benefit to the patients.

Royal University Graduates’ Association.At a very largely-attended meeting of the council of ther

Royal University Graduates’ Association held in Belfast onApril 26th, Dr. W. A. McKeown (President of the association) being in the chair, the following resolutions were

unanimously adopted :-1. That we heartily welcome the assurance given by His Excellency

Lord Cadogan that the Royal Commission of inquiry into the affairs ofthe Royal University will be composed of men of the strictest impar-tialitv and of acknowledged eminence in educational matters.

2. That we observe with satisfaction the important declaration made-by Lord Londonderry on behalf of the authorities ot Queen’s College,-Belfast, of their desire "that the college may be maintained as acollege, and a college only, free from all sectarian or denominationalinfluence," an announcement from which we are bound to infer thatthe college authorities no longer support the scheme for resettlingIrish university education put forward by Mr. Arthur J. Balfour, the-main purpose of which was to establish a university in Dublin forRoman Catholics and the conversion of Queen’s College, Belfast,into a provincial university for the " great Presbyterian bodies ofthe north."

3. That whilst we heartily approve of the scheme for the moreefficient equipment of Queen’s College, Belfast, we are of opinion thatsteps should be taken to widen its constitution by admitting to a sharein its government representatives of the graduates and of privatedonors as well as nominees of elective public bodies, county andmunicipal.

4. That in view of the inquiry by theRoal Commission into Irishuniversity affairs, and having regard to the fact that it is of the utmostimportance that the various lay faculties of arts, medicines, law, andengineering should maintain thtir present position of freedom fromclerical control, it is hereby resolved that committees of this associationbe appointed with instructions to collect and tabulate evidence relatingto the respective faculties for presentation to the Commission and toreport at an early date to the council.

The Admission of Patients to Asylums.An interesting point bearing on the method of admission

of patients into asylums came up at an inquest in Belfast,on April 26th. Briefly, the facts were as follows. A

woman, the wife of a labourer, showed signs of nervous.disease and a medical man told her husband to get a line B

1306

for her admission to the asylum. He procured a " blue" "form and took it to another medical man who had alsoattended his wife, but he refused to certify her as insane.He then consulted the first medical man who advised himto go to the relieving officer for a line for the unioninfirmary. The woman was taken to that place, but at herown request the husband took her home, and on April 20thshe became so bad that he brought a third medical man,who recommended him to get a magistrate’s order for heradmission to the asylum, but he found the court was overwhen he got there. On April 22nd the husband made aninformation and procured a warrant, and that evening apolice-sergeant removed her to the police-office in thecovered police-van. In the police office she became weak,a medical man had to be sent for to see her, and on recover-ing she went with her husband and the police-sergeant tothe workhouse, where she died two days afterwards fromexhaustion following upon mmia. The coroner said that itwas a barbarous system which was in practice at present oftaking insane women down to the police-office and bringingthem to the petty sessions court to be examined there. A

simple and effective plan would be to have the "blue" "

form filled up by the dispensary medical offoer and twomagistrates brought to the house without any fuss or anytrouble or any worrying of the insane person, and then thepatient could be removed to the asylum where expert treat-ment could be pat in force at once. He hoped in future thatthe plan he had mentioned would be adopted. The juryreturned a verdict in accordance with the medical evidenceand added a rider to the effect that they considered the pro,cedure for the admission of lunatics to the district asylum as- shown in the case was cambersome and barbarous and thatthe simple plan of getting the dispensary medical officer ofthe district in which the lunatic resided to certify insanityin the presence of two local justices at the house of thelunatic, and that the lunatic should be sent direct fromthere to the district lunatic asylum, was the more humaneplan.

Queen’s College, Belfast.Dr. P. Rsdfern has contributed E500 to the new endow-

ment fund of Qaeen’s College, Balfast.

The late Dr. C. g. D. Tanner and the Medical Professionin Cork.

Dr. Tanner had been intimately associated with themembers of the medical profession in Cork for many years.He had studied arts and medicine in the Cork Queen’sCollege and graduated in both at the late Queen’s Univer-sity. His father had been professor of surgery at the CorkCollege for a number of years and enjoyed a large andremunerative practice in the South of Ireland. Dr. CharlesTanner succeeded his father as surgeon to the Cork South

Infirmary and a brilliant professional career seemed to bein store for him. However, he preferred the excitement ofparliamentary life and finally ceased to practise his profes-sion. Though, as is well known, he was a very pronouncedpolitician, yet he managed to preserve the friendshipof many whose political opinions were entirely at variancewith his. Many of his professional associates in Cork knewthat his health had been gradually breaking down for anumber of years and they saw with regret that the end couldnot be long deferred. It is well known in Cork that in

private life Dr. Tanner was a most courteous, genial, kind-hearted friend, and a vote of condolence passed to hisrelatives at the last meeting of the Cork Medical andSurgical Society fittingly expressed the kindly feelings whichat all times subsisted between him and the other members ofthe profession in Cork.

April 30th.

PARIS.(FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.)

Death of Dr. Napias.DR. NAPIAS, director of the Assistance Pablique, died

on April 29th, at the age of 59 years, owing to disease ofthe liver from which he had for some time past beena sufferer. Born in 1842, at Sezanne (Marne) he enteredthe medical department of the navy in 1863, and retiringin 1877 he returned to Paris where he took his doctor’sdegree after which he gave his whole attention to hygiene.In 1877 he founded, together with Budin, Gubier, Dubois,Laborde, and Pinard, the Society of Public Medicine and

Professional Hygiene, of which society he was the secretary-general. He was appointed departmental inspector of factorychildren and became president of the Council of Inspectors-General of Charitable Institutions, a member of the Con-sultative Committee of Public Hygiene of France, a memberof the Superior Council of the Assistance Publique, andfinally on May l2th, 1898, director of the Assistance Pablique.Dr. Napias was a man of the very greatest merit and wasloved and esteemed by all who knew him. He was absolutelydevoted to the work which he carried on for the last threeyears and which he was most anxious to protect from theattacks made upon it, attacks which were often unjustifiable,by granting universally demanded reforms. As a scientificwriter he stood high and among his works I may mention:A Manual of Industrial Hygiene-a Study of the Progress ofHygiene in France from 1878 to 1882 (with A. J. Martin) ;Isolation Hospitals of Europe; Poor-law Relief in the Depart-ment of Sambre et-Loire; and Hospital Hygiene and Poor-law Relief (with A. J. Martin). He had been a member ofthe Academy of Medicine since 1897 and was also officier ofthe Legion of Honour.

An Improved Method of App7ying the Treatment of Finsen.The treatment of lupus by photo-therapeusis, after the

method of Finsen, has been adopted in Paris as in otherscientific centres of Europe, There is one set of apparatusin working order at the St. Louis Hospital, the great Frenchschool of dermatology, and another is at work in a privatedermatological institute. There are, however, two graveobstacles in the way of applying this treatment in a wide-spread manner, one being the length of time necessary andthe other the expense. Each sitting lasts one hour andrequires the attendance of a specially trained nurse for eachpatient. A great step in advance has, however, been takenby means of the apparatus devised by M. Lorted and M.Genoud of Lyons. M. Gastou has just given a set to theFrench Society of Dermatology and Syphilography. Theapparatus is based on the same lines as that of Finsen but ismuch more powerful, and the condensers necessary in Finsen’sapparatus have been done away with by intercepting theluminous rays as near their point of origin as possible. As inFinsen’s apparatus there is a special arrangement for coolingthe rays. The results are superior to any hitherto attained.It is possible to affect an area almost double that formerlyoperated upon and the photo-chemical intensity of the raysis so great that the time of exposure necessary is reducedfrom one hour to 15 minutes. Besides the economy inattendants which this brings about it must be noted thatFinsen’s apparatus required a current of from 60 to 80amperes, which is not to be met with everywhere, whilethe new apparatus only requires a current of 10 or 12amperes, which the ordinary electric-light mains can easilysupply. These important improvements will allow the lighttreatment to be much more generally used than heretofore.Its results are without doubt remarkable, but up to nowthe expense attendant on the treatment has precluded itsgeneral application.

The Employment of White Lead.A vigorous campaign is being carried on against the use

of blane de ceruse (carbonate of lead) in painting. This isin accordance with a resolution passed by the SuperiorCouncil of Hygiene of France which ranked white leadamong the deadly poisons. It is well known that thispigment is the common cause of the lead-poisoning so

widespread among painters. The Director of Postsand Telegraphs has forbidden its use in all theoffices under his control, and in addition the paintersof Grenoble have gone on strike to demand thatall employers should use zinc white instead of leadwhite. Zinc white is far less poisonous but more

expensive, as owing to its want of " body " more coats haveto be laid on. The painters have sent out a circular to allmedical men in France asking for their support. They alsoask for the subscriptions of medical men to be paid into thestrike fund in the name of those principles of hygiene andsanitation upon which medical men are always insisting.May 1st.

QUEEN VICTORIA JUBILEE CONVALESCENT HOME,CLIFTON.-At a town’s meeting held at Bristol on April 26thunder the presidency of the Lord Mayor it was resolved toappeal for donations to the Queen Victoria National Memorialand to a local fund towards completing the endowment ofthe Queen Victoria Jubilee Convalescent Home, Clifton.