Iraq War: A Timeline
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Transcript of Iraq War: A Timeline
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Iraq War: A Timeline
Clearing up the Misconceptions
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1991 The First Gulf War• The Gulf is a region near the
Persian Gulf in SW Asia.
• The U.S. declared war on Iraq in 1991, its first Gulf War.
• A “coalition” of other countries joined the U.S.
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Why did we declare war against Iraq?
• The leader of Iraq, Saddam Hussein, had invaded Kuwait. . . .
• Hussein said Kuwait was tapping into Iraqi oil.
• He also claimed Kuwait was originally part of Iraq.
• Kuwait was oil rich and Iraq was still paying for a war it had with Iran.
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Why did we declare war against Iraq?
• Iraq had the world’s sixth largest military.
• Iraq also had the world’s fifth largest tank army.
• Hussein sent tanks into Kuwait to annex it.
• If Kuwait fell to Iraq, Hussein would control the oil fields of both Iraq and Kuwait.
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Who won the first Gulf War?• The U.S. organized a
“Coalition” of nations to stop Hussein’s efforts.
• Even Arab nations joined these Coalition forces.
• Saudi Arabia permitted the U.S. to use its bases.
• In less than two months, Iraq surrendered.
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Meanwhile, someone was watching. . .
• A Saudi Arabian prince, named Osama bin Laden, complained to Saudi leaders about the U.S.
• He said U.S. military had “defiled” their country.
• Bin Laden started to focus on the U.S. and their allies.
• He funded two terrorist activities against U.S. embassies in Africa in 1998.
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Bin Laden begins his plans . . .• Bin Laden used his terrorist
organization, Al Qaeda, to carry out various attacks.
• When he was expelled from Saudi Arabia, he returned to Afghanistan.
• Bin Laden began training more terrorists in Afghanistan.
• Bin Laden’s grand plan was fulfilled on September 11, 2001.
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Did Hussein have a part in 9-11?NO! These two men didn’t even like each other.
Sadam Hussein Osama bin Laden
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What is the goal of terrorists?• The goal is to terrorize
people—to make them fearful of the future.
• Osama bin Laden had achieved his goal.
• Now Americans feared, “Could this happen to us again?”
• That fear set the stage for how our leaders made decisions. . . .
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A response to 9-11 . . .• In September 2001, President
Bush declared a “War on Terrorism.”
• He began by declaring war against Afghanistan.
• He also vowed to fight against terrorists and those who harbor them.
• But how do you know who the terrorists are?
• How do you fight them?
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President Bush laid out a plan . . .• “We will find and capture
those responsible for the 9-ll attacks.”
• “We will bring the terrorists to justice.”
• “We will refuse to do business with countries who assist terrorists.”
• “We will strengthen security at all airports.”
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Protecting America became foremost• President Bush created a
new Cabinet position.
• Gov. Tom Ridge became the first Secretary of Homeland Security.
• Airports installed new screening equipment.
• On Oct. 26, 2001, the Patriot Act was passed, giving government the right to “listen in.”
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Meanwhile, back in Iraq . . .• Iraq had broken the treaty
signed in 1991.
• U.N. inspectors were supposed to be allowed to search for weapons.
• But Iraq, under Saddam Hussein, refused to let inspectors go wherever they wished.
• People started getting suspicious about Iraq . . .
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President Bush’s War on Terror• In January of 2002, Pres. Bush
vowed to shut down terrorist camps, disrupt terrorist plans, and bring terrorists to justice.
• He also vowed to prevent terrorists and those who seek WMD from threatening the United States.
• Pres. Bush got specific: He called Iraq, Iran, and North Korea an “Axis of Evil.”
• He pointed out Iraq had used chemical weapons in the past.
• Bush suggested Iraq sent away U.N. inspectors because Iraq had something to hide. . . .
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The Bush Doctrine• In June of 2002, Bush addressed
the West Point Military Academy and introduced a new strategy: The Pre-emptive Strike Doctrine.
• What does that mean?
• Bush said that, in some instances, the U.S. should strike first to prevent a potential threat from another nation.
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Bush addresses the United Nations
• In September of 2002, Pres. Bush addressed the United Nations (UN).
• Bush challenged the U.N. to enforce its own resolutions against Iraq.
• Bush said if the U.N. did not force Iraq to obey the U.N. resolutions, the U.S. would act on its own against Iraq.
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Congress supports the President• A U.S. Senator from
Arkansas read the results of their vote.
• On Oct. 11, 2002, the U.S. Senate voted 77-23 to authorize Pres. Bush to attack Iraq if it did not give up WMD as required by the U.N. resolutions.
• Hours earlier the House voted 296-133 on the same measure.
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The United Nations acts . . .• On Nov. 8, 2002, the
U.N. Security Council unanimously approved a new resolution, #1441.
• This resolution called for new arms inspections.
• The U.N. warned that if Iraq violated this new resolution, it would face “serious consequences.”
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Conflicting reports . . .
• On Nov. 18, 2002, U.N. inspectors returned to Iraq for the first time in four years.
• A month later, Iraq filed a 12,000 page report , claiming that it had no banned weapons.
• By January, however, U.N. inspectors reported they found 11 empty warheads that were not cited by Iraq.
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The tension mounts . . .• In January of 2003,
Pres. Bush gave his annual State of the Union message to Congress.
• He made his case against Iraq, insisting that Iraq had not complied with U.N. resolution #1441.
• Bush said if the U.N. did not force Iraq to comply, then the U.S. would.
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Colin Powell addresses the U.N.
• On Feb. 5, 2003, U.S. Secretary of State Colin Powell addressed the United Nations.
• Powell said the U.S. had evidence that Iraq was hiding weapons of mass destruction (WMD).
• He urged the U.N. to take action against Iraq.
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Powell’s message gets mixed results• The U.N. admitted Iraq had not
been compliant, but it sought a peaceful solution.
• The U.N. ordered Iraq to destroy two missiles that could have reached Israel.
• The U.S., Britain, and Spain proposed a resolution that called for force against Iraq.
• France, Germany, and Russia offered a counter resolution, saying force should be a last resort.
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The U.S. declares war• In a 15 person U.N. Security
Council, only 4 members were willing to vote to use force against Iraq.
• On March 17, 2003, Pres. Bush gave Saddam Hussein an ultimatum: Leave Iraq in 48 hours or face a U.S. attack.
• Two days later, Pres. Bush declared war on Iraq.
• The war was called, “Operation Iraqi Freedom.”
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In conclusion . . .• On Oct. 6, 2004, a CIA report
concluded there were no WMD in Iraq.
• The report also concluded Saddam Hussein was not motivated by a desire to strike the U.S.; rather, he wanted to make Iran think he had WMD.
• Sec. of Defense Donald Rumsfeld also concluded Saddam Hussein had noAl Qaeda connection.