Iraq: The Hard Road to Debacle

8142019 Iraq The Hard Road to Debacle

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GRL0 XFK FLRH RALH XA HKBLOIK 77

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ldh fk Blinlds) ruf ldh rkoadogiglgad oaeegssgads (gd _auf Lrgol)ldh ld Gdkrdlgadli Orgegdli Oaur Xk gdkrvkdgad gd _gkrrl Ikadk wls adk a fk fgmf-wlkr elrns a fgs gdkrdlgadligsegt ldafkr wls l_pldgsf oaurs gdhgoekd a Lumusa Zgdaofk gd lt773 aiiawkh by Zg-daofks lrrks gd Brglgd gd lt776 ldh fgs Ofgikld gdhgoekd gd ilk 28gtsgii ldafkr a oaursk wls fk igbkrlgad a Kls gear Xaumf fk dkwgdkrdlgadligse fls aoolsgadkh euof hkblk ad fk ik fk vls elàr-gy a gs eas vaoli ldh hkhgolkh appadkds lrk ad fk rgmf Xk [_appasggad a fk Gdkrdlgadli Orgegdli Oaur gs adk a fk eldy sflek-ui bias ad aur rkokd rkoarh bu g elnks skdsk g yau rkligzk fl l maahplr a fk Rkpubigold kikoarlk gd fk [dgkh _lks ialfks kvkd fk[dgkh Dlgads wgf udbrghikh plssgad ldh flks ldh klrs ldyfgdm flfrklkds [_ haegdlgad a warih llgrs (Flrh ls g ely bk a gelmgdkfkgr oaepilgd gs fl fk [dgkh Dlgads fls da bkkd bkfaihkd kdaumf a[_ gdkrkss) L paiggoli plry wfask elàr murks raugdkiy sdkkr lfk [dgkh Dlgads old flrhiy bk kxpkokh a oaudkdldok saekfgdm lsrlhgoli ls ld Gdkrdlgadli Orgegdli Oaur gd wfgof Hgon Ofkdky leadm

afkr [_ paigoyelnkrs wauih lnk fgs rgmfui pilok gd fk haon liadm-sghk Zgdaofk ldh EgiaŬkvgč Ldh g sfauih flvk bkkd da surprgsk fl fklr-rgmf ldlgo ndawd ls Aslel bgd Ilhkd lrmkkh Blig gd plr au afgs skdsk a aurlmk l fk Lusrligld-ikh [D gdkrvkdgad gd Kls gear0rsquoLusrligl wls wlrdkh lbau gs plrgogplgad gd Lmfldgsld― bgd Ilhkdslgh gd fgs ilk 22 luhgalpk lngdm rkspadsgbgigy ar fk Blig baebgdmrsquoldh gs gmdabik oadrgbugad a fk skplrlgad a Kls gear― (quakh gd ]lsad rsquoRkoilgegdm fk Eusige Kepgrk―)lt3

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kegssgads ldh swklsfaps gs warngdm ad fk sghk a fk ldmkis Bu G leda surk fl fueld-rgmfs gssuks liwlys mk fk ltkdgad fky hkskrvk

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a pkreldkd grrkvkrsgbik hlelmk a fk pildk ldh fk rkligy a bgiigadsa fueld bkgdms igvgdm gd utkr lb`kogad1 ]fl gs fk vliuk a ld appasg-gad dkwsplpkr gd l hgsld oaudry wfkd adk rkligzks fl adks sdklnkrsflvk bkkd eldulourkh by ofgih ilbarkrs klrdgdm pkddgks l hly1 G gs da wadhkr fl fk miabli ik kdhs a kepflsgzk kquligy avkr rkkhae991256arrkkhae skkes ignk ld kpfkekrli kpgpfkdaekdli fgdm oadrlskh a fk blrk los a blrk igk a fk wrkofkhdkss a fk wrkofkh a fk klrfa fk ksskdgli rkqugrkekds ar igks suskdldok ldh suslgdlbgigygt ldh

a saek yaudm ik logvgss igbkrli lhvaolks a paiggoli rkkhae saudhignk klrdks egsmughkh wadns warngdm a orl kvkr-dkr vkrsgads a ilwsfl arbgh rgof ldh paar lignk rae sikkpgdm udhkr fk warihs brghmksZikhmgdm liikmgldok a gdkrdlgadli dares ldh sldhlrhs gd fk paiggolirklie eus skke a saek pkapik ad fk kdvgradekdligs ldh ldgmiabli-gzlgad ik ignk pikhmgdm liikmgldok a ld gdkrdlgadli syske a wkgmfsldh eklsurks Xkd aa fkrk gs fk praaudh gdsui a earli gdkrdlgadligse gdflvgdm rsquofueld rgmfs― oflepgadkh by l [dgkh _lks fl prlogoksarurk ldh gdhkdgk hkkdgad991256ldh fl gd vgailgad a fk [dgvkrsliHkoilrlgad lgis a oadsghkr aah ldh fklif olrk ls blsgo fueld kdgik-ekds Ldh yk ldh yk0 fk olsk eus bk elhk fl paiggoli rkkhae



GRL0 XFK FLRH RALH XA HKBLOIK ltlt7

ldh gdkrdlgadli gdsgugads lrk eark geparld a koadaego suskdldokldh koaiamgoli suslgdlbgigy fld eas pkapik (ldh eas dlgads) flvk

rkligzkh a hlk G gs qugk ruk ar kxlepik fl saek gdkrdlgadli oad-flgos lrk oadflgos avkr rksauroks991256da kxokpgdm agi991256ldh g aiiaws flsradmkr gdkrdlgadli gdsgugads sldh l bktkr ofldok a rksaivgdm suofoadflgos pklokuiiy fld wkln gdkrdlgadli gdsgugads rygdm vlgdiy arkkrkk l wlr a lii lmlgds lii Ignkwgsk yrlddgks flvk pravkd a bk kx-okpgadliiy paar skwlrhs a fk klrf ldh adiy eahkrlkiy suookssui lfkgr vkry bks l oaeblgdm egskrygt gdhkkh l fkgr wars ls gd _lhhlesGrlq Nlrgeavs [zbkngsld ldh Zgdaofks Ofgik fky flvk apkdkh dkwradgkrs gd fueld geegskrlgad Xaumf fk fueld-rgmfs ik gs warn-gdm l l hgslhvldlmk wfkd oaepkgdm ar fk fklrs ldh egdhs a yaudmlogvgss ldh faumf gs oaeegekds ely skke a saek aa fgd l mrukiar fueld oadsuepgad g dkvkrfkikss warns ad fk oruogli lssuepgadfl fk bks ofldoks ar fueld flaurgsfgdm gd kvkry skdsk a fk krelrk a bk audh gd hkeaorlogks wgf l fgmf hkmrkk a paiggoli rldsplr-kdoy ldh looaudlbgigy Xk lo fl fk [dgkh _lks old bk wkgmfkhgd fask soliks ldh audh wldgdm gs abvgaus ldh ekrkiy udhkrsoarks fkpagd fl fk [dgkh _lks sfauih bk eark hkeaorlgo ldh eark rlds-

plrkd fld g gsgt earkavkr ls G lrmuk gd oflpkr 8 fkrk gs l vgruk a fkrsquofgddkss― a gdkrdlgadli dares ldh sldhlrhs gdsalr ls fky ely bklbik a hgiuk rsquofgonkr― oaeegekds a biaah ldh sagi ldh dlgad [dhkr arhgdlry ogrouesldoks fk oadflgo bkwkkd fk fueld-rgmfsik ldh fk Eldgofkld ik wauih bk eltkr ar l skegdlr hgsoussgad arpkrflps ld kdkrmkgo oadkrkdok ar wagt okrlgdiy fls faw fk oadflgopilykh au bkwkkd lt777 ldh 2lt wfkd g oauih flvk bkkd oadsrukh lsl skrgks a lrmuekds olrrgkh ad bkwkkd fk wrgkrs ar Hgsskdt elmlzgdk

ldh P Gd 22‟ fawkvkr fk oadflgo bkolek udhlekdli a ld ge-parld g gii-udhkrsaah hgvgsgad gd fk rlgadliks wgf wfgof pkapik adfk ik appaskh wlr gd Grlq Xl hgvgsgad pilykh au bkfgdh fk sokdks afk rliigks sa a spkln gd l skrgks a ksslys ldh baans fl flh igtik a ha wgf fk rklsads fl eagvlkh fk vls elàrgy a Lekrgolds wfa l-kdhkh ldgwlr rliigks up fraumf ldh gdoiuhgdm fk kdareaus Dkw Warnhkeadsrlgad a Ckbrulry lt 2 (ld kvkd wfgof G ltkdhkh ls wkii)gtfk adiy fgdms fl udgkh eas rliiymakrs ls lr ls G oauih kii wkrk fkoadvgogad fl wlr gd Grlq wls l vkry blh ghkl ldh fk (rkilkh) bkigkfl fk Busf-Ofkdky lhegdgsrlgad wls kgfkr egslnkd hkiusgadli arhkigbkrlkiy hkokpgvk (ar saek oaebgdlgad fkrka) wgf rkmlrh a fkdkokssgy a fk wlr ldh gs ignkiy auoaek Bu fk rkilgvk absourgy a




fk oadflgo leadm ik gdkiikoulis haks da hgegdgsf gs gdkiikouli ge-parldokgt ad fk oadrlry fk oadflgo rkelgds wgf us ahly ldh oadsg-

uks adk a fk orggoli gssuks avkr wfgof fk ik rkelgds l wlr Xk earli-gdkrdlgadligs fueld-rgmfs ik fls saumf gd dk adh wlys a oadks991256ldh gd kxrkek olsks avkrrghk991256fk ]kspfligldsyske a slk savkrkgmdy ldh fk prgdogpik a ski-hkkregdlgad a flkdh gd rkokd yklrs g fls hkvkiapkh fk oadokp a l rsquorkspadsgbgigy aprako― ld gdkrdlgadli dare hkvgskh prgdogpliiy by arekr Lusrligldarkgmd egdgskr Mlrkf Kvlds Xk rkspadsgbgigy a prako ar rsquoR2Z―mrkw au a fk Gdkrdlgadli Oaeegssgad ad Gdkrvkdgad ldh _lk_avkrkgmdy gdlumurlkh by Oldlhl gd 2 wls kdharskh by lt7lt [Dekebkr slks gd 2 ldh wls subskqukdiy lrekh gd Lprgi 23 by[D _kourgy Oaudogi Rksaiugad lt3=8 ad fk Zrakogad a Ogvgiglds gd Lrekh Oadflgo Xk R2Z wkbsgk sks au fk mughkigdks ar rsquofueldglr-gld gdkrvkdgad―0

Xk Rkspadsgbgigy a Zrako hksorgbks ld kvaivgdm oadokp lbau fkhugks a mavkrdekds a prkvkd ldh kdh udoadsogadlbik los a vga-ikdok lmlgds fk pkapik a fk warih wfkrkvkr fky aoour

Xk gdkrdlgadli oaeeudgy fls l rkspadsgbgigy a prako fk warihs papuilgads rae mkdaoghk elssgvk fueld rgmfs lbusks ldhafkr fueldglrgld orgsks Xgs rkspadsgbgigy a prkvkd rklo a ldhrkbugih aiiawgdm suof orgsks rkss rs ldh arkeas wgf klof gdhg-

vghuli slk ]fkd slks eldgksiy lgi a prako fkgr papuilgadsfk gdkrdlgadli oaeeudgy sflrks l oaiikogvk rkspadsgbgigy a rk-spadh Xgs rkspadsk sfauih bk fk kxkrogsk a rs pklokui ldh fkdg dkoksslry oakrogvk gdoiuhgdm arokui skps a prako ogvgiglds

Xk Rkspadsgbgigy a Zrako eklds fl da slk old fghk bkfgdhfk oadokp a savkrkgmdy wfgik g oadhuos991256ar pkregs991256wghk-sprklh flre a gs papuilgad Dar old slks urd l bigdh kyk wfkdfksk kvkds kxkdh bkyadh fkgr barhkrs dar bkolusk logad haks dasug fkgr dlrrawiy-hkdkh dlgadli gdkrkss (Rkspadsgbgigy a Zra-ko rsquoGdrahuogad a R2Z―)

Xk lhvaolks a R2Z skk g ls l skp bkyadh dlgadligse ad fk wly aaregdm saekfgdm ignk l Ckhkrlgad a fk ]arih gd hkkdsk a fk pild-ks eas vuidkrlbik papuilgadsgt R2Zs hkrloars skk g ls gepkrgligse wgf l fueldglrgld-gdkrvkdgadgs loklt= Gd l lsogdlgdm hgsoussgad asavkrkgmdy ldh gs hgsoadkds afd Brkdneld lrmuks fl R2Z louliiy



GRL0 XFK FLRH RALH XA HKBLOIK lt2lt

fls Fabbksgld raas gdsalr ls Fabbkss fkary a savkrkgmdy prksueksfk savkrkgmds abigmlgad a prako fk pkapik wfa flvk oadrlokh a

are l slk991256ldh fl g akrs l hkogsgvk rkbunk a fkargks a savkr-kgmdy lhvldokh rae fk rgmf by Olri _ofegt ldh rae fk ik by Mgar-mga Lmlebkd0

_avkrkgmdy gs rlhggadliiy hkdkh prgelrgiy ar saikiy ls l dlgadsrgmf da a flvk afkr dlgads gdkrkrk gd gs gdkrdli llgrs Xk rkvg-sgadgss lrmuk fl fk hkdggad a savkrkgmdy sfauih gdoiuhk l mav-krdekds rkspadsgbgigty ta pratkot fk pkapik avkr wfae g gs savkrkgmd

L eurhkraus hkspago rkmgek ar l rkmgek kdmlmkh gd kfdgo oikldsgdm

ar mkdaoghk fls looarhgdm a fgs hkdggad vgailkh ar hkluikh adgs awd savkrkgmdy Afkr dlgads lrk ùsgkh gd saek skdsk kvkdabigmlkh a lnk upad fkeskivks fgs rkspadsgbgigy a prako udgig old bk rksarkh wgfgd fk oaudrys awd paiggoli syske Xk farg-zad gs a rkstark savkrkgmdy Da adk skkes a flvk dagokh fl fgs lhegrlbik gddavlgad gdoaseapaigld fgdngdm rksurrkos fk ksskdok a savkrkgmdy prksup-paskh by Fabbks Fabbks lxgae gs da _ofegts _avkrkgmd gs fk wfa

hkoilrks tfk stltk a kxokptgad Rlfkr Fabbks lxgae gepigogiy gs _av-krkgmd gs fk wfa pratkots tfk euitgtuhk (Ouiturli Oadtrlhgotgads a Hk-

eaorloy lt‟8)

Brkdneld haks da lhh fawkvkr fl fk Fabbksgld lxgae old bkwgskh gd suof l wly ls a prahuok fk _ofegtgld ls wfkd Mkarmk Busfhkoilrks l slk a kxokpgad l Muldigravedlea ad fk mraudhs fl fk gsprakogdm Lekrgold ogvgiglds by sub`kogdm krrar suspkos a arurk ldh

gdhkdgk hkkdgad Bu fkd fgs pagd udhkrsoarks faw geparld g gsa hgsgdmugsf ikmggelk rae giikmggelk ares a rsquoprakogad― ikmggelkrae giikmggelk ares a savkrkgmdy Ldh g udhkrsoarks fk bralhkrpagd fl bkolusk fk _ofegtLmlebkd rlekwarn haks da rklhgiy rko-amdgzk giikmggelk ares a savkrkgmdy g gs uskikss wfkd g oaeks a oad-ksgdm Muldigravedlea991256ar fk fueld-rgmfs lbusks a hkspago ldh alig-lrgld rkmgeks Xl gs wfy uhgf Buikr ( Zrkolrgaus Igk) flh a urd afk dares a igbkrli hkeaorloy gd arhkr a orggquk fk slk a kxokpgadBusf flh hkoilrkh gd Muldigravedlea Aoolsgadliiy fk oaepikx gdkrdlgadli-rkilgads hgspuk avkr fk sl-us a savkrkgmdy audh gs wly ada fk pubigo slmk a ldgwlr kvkdsls wfkd fk Da gd Aur Dlek ldgwlr slkekd a 22 gd fk oaursk




a oadhkedgdm fk wlr gd Lmfldgsld gdsgskh fl rsquopkapiks ldh dl-gads flvk fk rgmf a hkkregdk fkgr awd hksgdy rkk rae egiglry

oakrogad by mrkl pawkrs― (rsquo_lkekd a Oadsogkdok lmlgds ]lr ldhRkprkssgad―) Xk fueld-rgmfs ik ely flvk flh igtik avkrilp wgf fkkdvgradekdligs ik ldh fk ldgmiabligzlgad ikgt bu gd 22‟ g rldselon gda fk Eldgofkld iks hammkh hkkdsk a slk savkrkgmdy Xlhkkdsk a savkrkgmdy eus flvk saudhkh ltrlogvk a eldy ad fk ikls iadm ls g gdvaivkh appasggad a egiglry oakrogad by fk mrkl pawkrndawd ls fk [dgkh _lksgt bu g wls dadkfkikss l srldmk pasggad arrsquoikgss― a dh fkeskivks gd Adk srlgds a gelmgdk l ilk-lt7s rsquoDagd Aur Dlek― pkggad hkhgolkh a fk prgdogpik fl _plgd ldh Mkreldyeus bk ik a hkkregdk fkgr awd hksgdgks rkk rae egiglry oakrogad by mrkl pawkrs ar kvkd warsk ld klriy-lt76s ik hkvakh a fk prgdog-pik fl Ki _livlhar sfauih bk liiawkh a hkkregdk gs awd lk by ekldsa ogvgi wlr bkolusk fk warih hgh da flvk ldy busgdkss gdkrkrgdm gd flsavkrkgmd slks gdkrdli llgrs Xk ldgwlr eavkekd looarhgdmiy wls spig wgf rkmlrh a Grlq0 adksghk lrmukh fl wklpads gdspkogads rkvgskh sldogads ldh da-fly zadks wkrk lookplbik ldh pruhkd likrdlgvks a wlr ldh fk afkr sghk lrmukh

fl ldy a fk lbavk991256kvkd gdspkogads ldh da-fly zadks991256wkrk udlo-okplbik vgailgads a Grlqg savkrkgmdy Xus ar kxlepik gd fgs 2 baan Cuii _pkotrue Haegdldok0 [_ Zawkr gd Grlq ldh Bkyadh [dgvkrsgya kxls prakssar ldh [dgkh ar Zklok ldh usgok ldgwlr armldgzkr Rl-fui Elfl`ld lrgouilkh fk Eldgofkld iks orggquk a fask ikgss wfa by fgs looaud appaskh wlr gd Grlq ar rklsads fl wkrk da prapkriyikgs0

L kxloiy fk gek a elxgeli krekd baf haeksgoliiy ldh gdkrdl-gadliiy fk ldgwlr eavkekd gd fk [dgkh _lks wls lgokh wgfl vlrgky a ski-lppagdkh spankspkapik wfa wkrk vkry olrkui a kiius fk rgmf ldh wradm wlys a appask fk wlr Car ahh Mgigd ElroOaapkr Egoflki ]lizkr Egoflki Bccedilrubccedil ldh afkrs g wls rgmf arus a appask fk wlr ad Grlq bkolusk g wls paariy faumf au bk-olusk g wls l rsquohgsrlogad― rae fk wlr ad krrargse ldh sgegilr rkl-sadsgt g wls ldh gs da lii rgmf a quksgad fk udhlekdli maahdkssa Lekrgols raik gd fk warih g wlsd lii rgmf a appask fk wlr ad

Lmfldgsld ldh g wlsd lii rgmf a appask fk sldogads ad Grlq ara lrmuk fl Grlq paskh da sgmdgold frkl bkyadh gs barhkrs



GRL0 XFK FLRH RALH XA HKBLOIK lt2

Ls ]lizkr wrak gd fk Dkw Warn Rkvgkw a Baans rsquoHkkdhgdm fkkeblrma fk Lekrgold avkrflgmfs ldh fk [D gdspkogads0 Xgs gs

fk rgmf wly a appask ldh a lvagh l wlr― Xls fk keblrma flhksraykh l saogky fk Lekrgold avkrflgmfs oaebgdkh wgf baebgdmfl wkrk fk prkiuhk a l wlr ldh fk [D gdspkogads fl prkplrkhfk wly ar fl wlr by hgslregdm fk lrmkkh kdkey ]gfau hkivgdm aa euof gda fkgr kdhkdgaus rklsadgdm ar gdafkgr ali ilon a oadrgbugad a ldy ldgwlr eavkekd fkgr oad-gdugdm raik daw gs vkry oiklr Xky wkrk ldh lrk rygdm a nkkp fkldgwlr eavkekd baf rae bkoaegdm l eark suslgdkh eavkekdldh rae bkgdm ld ldg-gepkrgligs eavkekd wa oadsghkrlgads fl

lrk igdnkh (lt7lt‟72)

_aek lspkos a Elfl`lds lrmuekd lrk oruhk olrgolurk0 g gs lbsurh aoflrmk pkapik ignk Mgigd ]lizkr Oaapkr ldh eyski wgf bkigkvgdm fl grsquogs da lii rgmf a quksgad fk udhlekdli maahdkss a Lekrgols raik gdfk warih― (Lifaumf suof areuilgads ha geparld warn ar fk Eld-gofkld ik gdsalr ls fky kdlbik fk prkkdsk fl fky ldh fky liadklrk orggos a Lekrgold arkgmd paigoy) Elfl`lds oilge fl rsquog wlsd lii

rgmf a appask fk wlr ad Lmfldgsld― gs l bg hgsgdmkduaus sgdok lsfgs awd lrmuekd elnks oiklr ls lr ls fk ldgwlr eavkekds iklhkr-sfgp wls oadokrdkh g wlsd lii rgmf a suppart fk wlr ad Lmfldgsldgtpkapik wfa hgh suppar fl wlr bu da wlr gd Grlq wkrk ld rsquolgogad―a fk eavkekd Ldh a oaursk Elfl`ld rkusks fk lrmuekd fl wlrgd Grlq gs rsquol hgsrlogad rae fk wlr ad krrargse― ar fk rklsads G ekd-gadkh l fk ausk a fgs oflpkr0 ar fk ldgwlr iklhkrsfgp rkliglarysrgnks lmlgds li-lkhls blsk a apkrlgads wkrk giikmggelk gepkrgligs

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wls bkgdm fkih amkfkr vgruliiy by _oaof lpk _ub`kogvk ùhm-ekds lbau fk eltkr fawkvkr lrk a igtik gdkrks [dikss pkapiklrk l ikls mgvkd fk apparudgy a avkrfraw l yrlddgoli rkmgekda ausghk pawkr fls fk rgmf a olrry au fk lsn ( Clgikh _tltks

=‟6)




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rsquoHkdgs Fliighly―)

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GRL0 XFK FLRH RALH XA HKBLOIK lt2 =

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GRL0 XFK FLRH RALH XA HKBLOIK lt2 7

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_urvgvli lt8)

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wfkd fk Grlq wlr wls ùs avkr l yklr aih Bkreld aiiawkh up wgf ldkhgargli gd fk Dkw Warn geks gikh rsquo]gii fk Appasggad Iklh1― Xkrk

fk lrmukh ls aiiaws0

Xk wlr gd Grlq ely kdh up magdm wkii ar ollsrapfgoliiy bu kgfkr wly fgs wlr fls liwlys bkkd okdrli a fk bralhkr wlr ad krrar Xlgs bkolusk krrar fls dkvkr bkkd l eltkr a l kw fudhrkh orlzgks wfaoauih bk raudhkh up by fk paigok ldh spkogli aroks krrar mraws aua saekfgdm ilrmkr991256ld kdareaus wlvk a paiggoli kxrkegse Xk _kp ltlt ltlons olek rae l rkilgvkiy selii armldgzlgad Bu

Li lkhl wls l ngdh a ale frawd up by fk ilrmkr kxrkegs wlvk

Xk paigok ldh spkogli aroks wkrk dkvkr magdm a bk lbik a slepau fk lkhl okiis sa iadm ls egiigads a pkapik lraudh fk warihlookpkh fk plrldagh ldh lpaoliypgo vgkws ldh rkvkrkh sugoghk kr-rar Xk adiy iadm-kre fapk ar lepgdm hawd fk krrargs gepuisk

wls a urd Lekrgols rlhggadli paigogks upsghk hawd ldh oaek auar adok gd lvar a fk igbkrli hkeaorls a fk Eusige warih Xgs

wauih ekld praeagdm l oaudkr-wlvk a igbkrli ldh rlgadli ghkls aoaebl fk liiurk a plrldagl ldh lpaoliypsk

Xk wfaik pagd gd avkrfrawgdm _lhhle Fusskgd rae ey pkr-spkogvk wls a lofgkvk fask ilrmk passgbgiggks rgmf gd fk okdkra fk Eusige warih wfkrk fk rgppiks egmf iklh gd kvkry hgrko-gad Grlq wls l iamgoli pilok a bkmgd bkolusk ar l hazkd yklrs fkBllfgss flh bkkd sfaagdm l Lekrgold ldh Brggsf pildks ldh gd-oggdm plrldagl ldh flrkh lmlgds fk [dgkh _lks ldh kdoaurlmgdmfk ghkl fl ltlons old suookssuiiy bk iludofkh lmlgds Lekrgoldlrmks ldh mgvgdm fl ghkl saek kxrl aaepf wgf fk biu lbau

klrsaek wklpads Xk Bllfgss gd sfar oadrgbukh fkgr bg a fkleaspfkrk fl ikh a _kp ltlt2=

Xkrk lrk aur geparld klurks a fgs lrmuekd Adk fk lsskrgad flGrlq fls liwlys bkkd okdrli a fk bralhkr wlr ad krrar Xgs oilge daadiy kdharsks fk Busf lhegdgsrlgads vgkw fl Grlq fls bkkd fk rklikdkey lii liadmgt g uiiy kebrloks fk Busf-Ofkdky oadokp a l wlr adrsquokrrar―26 wa fk usk a fk kre rsquoilrmkr kxrkegs wlvk― a oadfllk fkskouilr aliglrgldgse a fk Bllf Zlry wgf fk Gsilegs rlhgoligse ali-lkhl0 Bkrelds areuilgad wauih iklvk fk [dgkh _lks991256ignk fkelh Ouofuilgd a Grgsf eyf991256mfgdm l wlvk ld gelmk fl dkliy eld-lmks a kvank ld kdhikss ugik wlr Xrkk fk srldmk bkigk fl fk Busf




lhegdgsrlgad flh saekfaw hkoghkh a suppar rsquofk igbkrli hkeaorls afk Eusige warih―0 pkrflps pkapik ignk Bkreld flh elhk fgs hkogsgad

bu Busf ldh Ofkdky qugk oiklriy flh da Ldh aur fk oilge991256ltkdu-lkh a bk surk991256fl fk Bllfgss flh saekfgdm a ha da wgf 7ltltgski bu a fk rsquoleaspfkrk― fl ikh a g amkfkr fksk aur klurks hkeadsrlk fl igbkrli flwns suof lsBkreld hgh da ekrkiy suppar fk wlr gd Grlqgt fky supparkh ld kdgrk wlvk a pasggads fkih by fk Busf lhegdgsrlgad ad ap a wfgof fk wlr gski wls bu l ngdh a ale [darudlkiy ar Bkreld l sgmdgoldofliikdmk a lii fksk lssuepgads flh bkkd gssukh l kw wkkns klrigkr991256da by Ofaesny kgfkr bu by arekr oaudkrgdkiigmkdok kxpkr RgoflrhOilrnk wfa flh slgh ad OB_s 3 Egdutks rsquoAslel bgd Ilhkd flh bkkdslygdm ar yklrs Lekrgol wlds a gdvlhk ld Lrlb oaudry ldh aooupy gld agi-rgof Lrlb oaudry ]k skppkh rgmf gda Bgd Ilhkds praplmldhl―(quakh gd Oaooa rsquoBusfs 7ltlt Eyfs Kdhldmkr [_―) ]gf lii huk rk-spko a Bkreld G subeg fl Rgoflrh Oilrnk gs eark ndawikhmklbikfld fk wgf rkmlrh a bgd Ilhkd ldh fk ilrmkr kxrkegs wlvks gd fkEghhik Kls Bkreld haks da liwlys lrk wkii gd Mkarmk Zlonkrs 2 baan Xk

Lsslssgds Mltk plrgouilriy wfkd Zlonkr rkoliis fge slygdm fl paswlrGrlq wauih iaan ignk saekfgdm au a Bkrelds L lik a wa [tapgls0 rsquoFk nkp oaeplrgdm fk sgulgad gd pas-aliglrgld Blmfhlh a Zrlmukgd lt767 G nkp gdsgsgdm fl Grlq wls vlsiy hgkrkd0 udhkr egiglry ao-ouplgad lr eark vgaikd gs pkapik eark rluelgzkh igvgdm gd l euof warsk dkgmfbarfaah― ( Lsslssgds Mltk lt3)27 Bu Zlonkr wfa hksorgbksfgeski ls adk a rsquofk gdy gdsgmdgold olep a lebgvlikdiy prawlr igb-krlis wfa supparkh l wlr by lbau fk slek elrmgd fl fk vagdm pub-

igo flh supparkh Li Mark― (6=) dadkfkikss kxkdhs a Bkreld l are agdkiikouli rkspko fl fk hkdgks a eas a fk ldgwlr eavkekd991256fkhgsoussgad a wfgof aooupgks l ekrk sgx plmks gd l rgofiy hklgikh 8-plmk baan Car lii gs brkvgy Zlonkrs hgsoussgad a fk ldgwlr eavkekd gsfgmfiy rkvkligdm ldh sfauih skrvk a rkegdh us fl lifaumf fk olep arsquolebgvlikdiy prawlr igbkrlis― wls gdhkkh gdy g wls flrhiy gdsgmdgold Rkoaudgdm fgs gdkrvgkw wgf Kig Zlrgskr a EavkAd Zlonkr lnks lrklsadlbik rkelrn a Zlrgskrs ldh aiiaws g wgf l plrlmrlpf hkvakh audhkregdgdm Zlrgskrs orkhgbgigy Dagdm fl Zlrgskr gs rsquoudlgigdmiy paigkldh faumfui― ldh fl gd fgs ldh afkr wlys rsquofk skkekh a kxgs safl fk rks a fk oaudry oauihd hgsegss fk ldgwlr eavkekd ls l




rgdmk pfkdaekdad a mrlygdm plogss ldh yaudm dgfgigss― (68) Zlonkr wrgks0

Zlrgskr aih ek rsquoG ùs had ndaw fl g elnks skdsk ar us a rgsnkvkryfgdm fl wkrk rgsngdm baf gd kres a gdkrdlgadli slurk ldhgd kres a fk igvks a aur egiglry pkapik ar l vlmuk ghkl fl pkapikfgdn g oauih bk bktkr wgfau fgs muy― Xkrk wls l olsk a bk elhk ar fgs duldokh vgkw ldh g eavkhegiigads a Lekrgolds Bu fk rs fgdm a dagok wls gs ksskdglioadskrvlgse Oadlgdekd prkskrvkh fk slus qua liadm wgf l da-gad a Lekrgold vgruk Zlrgskr hksokdhkh ad fgs lfkrs sghk rae

Pgadgs kws wfa fkipkh audh ki Lvgv ldh ad fgs eafkrs raeZaigsf saogligss Bu fk lmmrkssgvk ldglsogse fl adok oflrlokr-gzkh yaudm pkapik ad fk ik flh mgvkd wly gd fk wlnk a Sgkdleldh fk mrkkd eavkekd a l sakr eark olugaus warihvgkw flakd leaudkh gd prlogok a gsailgadgse Xk ldglsogs wlrs a aurawd gek991256gd Basdgl ldh Nasava991256dkvkr sradmiy rkmgskrkh wgfZlrgskrs mkdkrlgad a logvgss ]fkd G lsnkh wfkfkr fk hksgrks aGrlqgs fkeskivks sfauih bk lnkd gda looaud fk slgh rsquoG had fgdn

fl rs ldh arkeas fgs gs lbau fke ls euof ls gs lbau us ldhfaw wk lo gd fk warih― (68‟6)

By fk gek Zlonkr fls hkeadsrlkh Zlrgskrs rsquooadskrvlgvk― oaeegekda rsquogsailgadgse― wgf fgs rkmrktlbiy Lekrgol-rs rkelrn l ia a skrgaushlelmk fls bkkd hadk Cgrs Zlrgskr fls bkkd ratkh au ls fk kxokpgad a fk ruik ar wflZlonkr oliis rsquofk eas lppkligdm lok a fk eavkekd― (68)0 udignk fask

mrlygdm plogss ldh yaudm dgfgigss fk gs tfaumftui Xgs gs suof l oae-ead rapk gd oadkeparlry Lekrgold paiggoli hgsoaursk fl fk igbkrli biamaspfkrk daw gradgoliiy rkkrs a iklhgdm ldgwlr spankspkrsads ignkZlrgskr ldh Fawlrh Hkld ls rsquohgry uongdm fgppgks― (sgdok fgs gs faw fkylrk akd rklkh gd elgdsrkle paiggoli hgsoaursk) ldh daks bgtkriy flfkgr warhs ad Grlq rkelgd warfikss oaeplrkh wgf fask a fk Skry _k-rgaus Zkapik wfa praegskh us l rask mlrhkd ldh l olnkwlin

_koadh fk kre rsquooadskrvlgvk― gs ratkh au ls l solrk warh0 ]flfaumfui ldgwlr logvgs ar gdkiikouli wlds a bk ndawd ls oadskrvl-tgvk1 Bu a oaursk fk kre ls uskh fkrk haks da ekld rsquoligmdkh wgfpaiggoli oadskrvlgvks― wfa supparkh Mkarmk Busf ldh fk Grlq wlr gd




avkrwfkiegdm duebkrs G eklds saekfgdm eark ignk rsquoolugaus― ldh ud-hkr fl fklhgdm surkiy g bkfaavkh Zlonkr a dak fl by fk gek fk

wls wrggdm fgs baan Kig Zlrgskrs brldh a olugad flh sfawd gski a bksaekfgdm selrkr ldh eark warfy a rkspko fld sgepik rsquogsailgadgse―Kvkd l plrkdfkgoli lhegssgad ad Zlonkrs plr fl Zlrgskr flh flh fkoasbkdk ldliysgs blsgoliiy oarrko wauih flvk bkkd dgok Xgrh Zlrgskrs gdltkdgvkdkss a rsquofk hksgrks a Grlqgs―991256faumfadk wgsfks fl fkh rkpigkh a Zlonkrs quksgad by suregsgdm fl easGrlqgs wauih da gd lo wkioaek Lekrgolds ls igbkrlars ldh fl Nl-dld Elngyl ar lii fgs kiaqukdok wls da l rkprkskdlgvk slepik a Grlqgapgdgad991256gs lsorgbkh a fgs ilon a gdkrks gd fk ldglsogs wlrs gd fkBlinlds Xgs gs maah rkh ekl ar fk Eldgofklds ldh rkgdaroks fkgroilges fl fk igbkrli flwns kdfusglse ar wlr gd Grlq wls gdspgrkh byNasavalt Zlonkr flh eaudkh fgs lrmuekd bkark gd fgs Hkokebkr22 Dkw Warn geks Elmlzgdk oavkr sary fl praikh fk igbkrli flwnsldh ltrgbukh fkgr lgf gd Lekrgold egiglry logad a fk ikssads a fkBlinlds (rsquoIgbkrli uldhlry avkr Grlq―) Xl lrgoik wls adk a fk earkgdflukdgli pgkoks a paiggoli àurdligse a oaek rae fk ik gd 22gtpkrflps g gs adiy prakssgadli eahksy fl iklhs Zlonkr l kw yklrs ilkr

a oadsruk fgs olep a pra-wlr igbkrlis ls rsquogdsgmdgold― Gd rkligy fgsolep sk fk kres ar hgsoussgad a fk ldgwlr pasggad gd euof a fkigbkrli wgdm a fk ekhgl ldh fk rkpkls fask kres gd fgs hksorgpgad afk Ckbrulry lt 2 Dkw Warn rliiy gd Xk Lsslssgds Mltk0 rsquoXk eavk-ekds lssuepgads wkrk blskh ad earli gddaokdok991256ad ld gdlbgigy agelmgdk fk farrar gd wfgof Grlqgs igvkh ldh l hksgrk ar lii maah fgdmsa ma amkfkr ar ali vgdhgolgad ]lr gs kvgigt fkrkark fk prkvkdgada wlr eus bk maah― (63) Xk eavkekd flh saek krrgbik iklhkrsfgp

gd LD_]KR yks Ldh pkrflps Zlonkr gs rgmf fl saek a fk hkead-srlars lgikh a oadkepilk fk farrar a igk udhkr _lhhlegt wk wgiidkvkr ndaw sgdok Zlonkr hgh da gdkrvgkw ldy Bu wfkd Zlonkr wrgksrsquofk praksars slw fkeskivks ls hkkdhgdm Grlqgs rae fk krrgbik lkfl fk [dgkh _lks wls prkplrgdm a gdflgo ad fke― fk udwgtgdmiyrkegdhs us fl fk praksars hgh da gd mkdkrli hkskrvk a bk hgsegsskhls safklhkh pklokdgns wfa wldkh lii maah fgdms a ma amkfkr Carfk praksars wflkvkr kisk fkgr luis slw fkeskivks oarrkotiy ls rygdma hkkdh Grlqgs rae fk krrgbik lk fl fk [dgkh _lks gdflgokh adfke G aous ad Zlonkr da bkolusk fk wls fk wars a fk igbkrli flwns bu bkolusk fk wls adk a fk bks0 kw pkapik ad fk pra-wlr ik aan




fk ghkl a Grlqg igbkrlgad ls skrgausiy ls fk hgh ldh faumf fk rkigkh aafklvgiy ad fk plssgad a Nldld Elngyl fk fls bkkd leadm fk eas

ski-orggoli supparkrs a fk wlr gd rkokd yklrs2

[darudlkiy fk hghda liwlys lnk fk lrmuekds a fk wlrs appadkds qugk sa skrgausiyldh fl lgiurk looauds ar wa vkry ourgaus eaekds gd Xk LsslssgdsMltk Xk rs gs Zlonkrs looaud a l Davkebkr 22 pldki l Dkw Warn [dgvkrsgy gd wfgof fk sueelrgzks fk rkelrns a Egoflki ]lizkr bkark eavgdm a Elngyls sgrrgdm rkpiy0

rsquoXk Grlqg appasggad gs saekfgdm dkw gd Lrlb paiggos G old bkkdoaurlmkh ar g old bk orusfkh ùs ignk fl Bu fgdn lbau wfl

yaurk hagdm g yau ha orusf g G rks ey earli olsk ad fk aiiawgdm0G fkrk gs l sigvkr a l ofldok a wfl G ùs slgh flppkdgdm l vk akd pkrokd ofldok yau flvk l earli abigmlgad G sly a ha g― Xk raae kxpiahkh gd lppilusk Xk afkr pldkigss iaankh slrikh

Lmlgds fk rklsadlbik lrmuekds a fksk rklsadlbik pkapik Elngyl wls akrgdm saekfgdm eark ltrlogvk991256fk lok a fapk fawkvkrsikdhkr rsquoGs vkry flrh a rkspadh― ]lizkr slgh

G wls flrh bkolusk l eld ignk ]lizkr hghd wld a sldh gd fk wly a l hrkle ignk Elngyls Fk hghd wld a bk ad fk afkr sghka l mrkl earli quksgad rsquoG wauih da àgd ld ldgwlr eavkekd flsrkdmfkdkh fk fldh a _lhhle― ]lizkr aih ek ilkr ldh wfkd Glsnkh wfkfkr fkrk oauih bk ld ldgwlr eavkekd fl hghd fk lh-egtkh rsquogs vkry flrh a fgdn a wfl are g oauih lnk― ( Lsslssgds

Mltk 6)

Fkrk Zlonkr summkss fl dkgfkr ]lizkr dar ldy a fk afkr pldkigssflh ld ldswkr ar wfl wk egmf olii aiiawgdm Ofkdkys Adk ZkrokdHaorgdk Elngyls Cgvk a kd Zkrokd Ofliikdmk Bu ls ahh Mgigdpagdkh au ad fk biam ZE (lingdm Zagds Ekea) Olccedil gd Aoabkr2 gd l rsquobaan kvkd― hkvakh a Xk Lsslssgds Mltk Zlonkr puroflskhfgs summksgad l l skkp hgsoaud by gmdargdm rkelrns fl flh lhhrksskhElngyls lrmuekd hgrkoiy991256ùs bkark Elngyl elhk g Xk rkelrnsflppkdkh a flvk bkkd elhk by adk ahh Mgigd ldh ad ZE Olccedil Mg-igd rkkrkdokh fke rs by slygdm gd l rsquoHklr Mkarmk― iktkr0

G wld a spkln up ar fk plr a fk ldgwlr eavkekd a wfgof G bk-iadmkh ldh bkiadm991256fk plr fl hgh da lnk fk klsy wly au fk




plr fl wls da earliiy gddaokd fk plr fl wls lisa da ad prgd-ogpik plogs fk plr gd afkr warhs fl wkgmfkh fk mrkl bkdks

fl wauih looruk a Grlq g _lhhle Fusskgd kii lmlgds fk hlelmkfl wlr ad Grlq wauih ha a fk dkoksslry mf lmlgds `gflhgss ldhda ikls a Grlq aa ldh audh fk wlr wldgdm gd fk soliks (rsquo]lrEavkekd ldh fk Ldgwlr Eavkekd―)

Fk fkd rkprahuoks saek a fk kx a fgs spkkof fl kvkdgdm0

G wgsfks wkrk lrmuekds fk sradmks lrmuekd ar ld Lekrgold wlr wauih bk fk eas lebggaus wfgof gs Nldld Elngyls991256fk wgsf

fl by hkpasgdm _lhhle Fusskgd ldh aooupygdm Grlq fk [ _ wauihgdslii fk rs hkeaorlgo rkmgek gd fk Lrlb warih l rkmgek fl gdurd wauih udhkregdk fk luaorlgo oadskdsus fl mavkrds fk rk-mgad rkvkrsk fk Gsilegs eavkekd ldh askr fk mrawf a ldg-Gsil-egs kdhkdogks kiskwfkrk _uof ld auoaek gs hkvauiy a bk hksgrkhG lnk g kspkogliiy skrgausiy oaegdm rae Nldld Elngyl rae wfaeGvk iklrdkh eark lbau fk eadsraus yrlddy a _lhhle Fusskgdldh fk Bllf plry fld rae ldyadk kisk Ldh G flvk a sly0 G adiy

fk wgsf suokh Bu fk warih gd wfgof fk wgsf wauih suok gs da fk warih

wk igvk gd Ld Lekrgold wlr gd Grlq gs vkry udignkiy a brgdm g lbau ]fl g gs lr eark ignkiy a brgdm lbau gs olrdlmk ldh l baas a kr-rar Xk rgsns lrk lr aa mrkl a ùsgy wlr ]lrs mk au a oadraildh lrk lkr lii fkiigsf Xl gs wfy fky eus bk eltkrs a ils rk-sar Gd Grlqs dkgmfbarfaah fkrk lrk sgepiy aa eldy wlys gd wfgoffgs plrgouilr wlr oauih mk au a oadrai Xk sokdlrga eas ignkiy

a brgdm lbau fk usk a wklpads a elss hksruogad gs prkogskiy fkadk Mkarmk ] Busf fls bkkd ldmigdm ar0 ld ltlon ad _lhhle Fus-skgds rkmgek Xk sokdlrga eas ignkiy a brgdm lbau krrar ltlons991256kvkd ad Lekrgolds991256gs prkogskiy fk slek Xk sokdlrga eas ignkiya wgd rkorugs ar li-lkhl gs prkogskiy fk slek Lmlgds _lhhleFusskgds uurk frkls fkrk lrk subsldgli da ekrkiy rfkargolilikrdlgvks Xk olsk ar oadlgdekd gs sradm _elr sldogads (dafk ourrkd biudhkrbuss ngdh) elgdkdldok a fk da-fly zadks ldhgdspkogads wgf kkf lrk fk likrdlgvks a wlr _a fk ldgwlr eavkekd sfauih lookp fl fk [D-gepaskhgdspkogads lrk ikmli prapargadlk a fk frkl ldh fkrkark ùsXk udldgeaus _kourgy Oaudogi rksaiugad eldhlgdm gdspkogads gs




l kslekd da adiy a Busfs pawkr bu a fk srkdmf a fk olskXk prapargadlk frkl a arok a kdsurk fl gdspkoars flvk lookss

a wflkvkr fky wgsf a gdspko gs ùsgkh Xk usk a arok ar rsquork-mgek ofldmk― gs da prapargadlk dar gs g ùsgkh by fk _kourgyOaudogi8

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bk lnkd adiy a sap ourrkd ar geegdkd silumfkr da a pudgsfpls lbusk




Gd slgdm fl fk ngiigdm gd Grlq hgh da rgsk a l ikvki fl ùsgkhfueldglrgld gdkrvkdgad wk lrk da gdskdsggvk a fk lwui pigmf

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Iraq: The Hard Road to Debacle

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Transcript of Iraq: The Hard Road to Debacle