IRAN
description
Transcript of IRAN
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Preface:
• This presentation is prepared to be presented in 30 minutes for Introduction to Macroeconomics class students.Eco304L, University of Texas at Austin, Fall 2007.
• This is not necessarily a usual approach to the topic but more customized to what course instructor, professor Norman requested to be covered and compared with some other Islamic countries. This presentation does not necessarily reflect the composer’s opinions.
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The wrong picture…
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The wrong picture…
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Outline of this presentation
• Some pictures of Iran
• Location, climate and demographics
• Political system
• Islam and other religions
• Women
• References
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Some pictures: Historical sites
Pre-Islam palaces
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Some pictures: Historical sites
After-Islam palaces
AaliGhapoo palace 40sotoun palace
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Some pictures: Historical and religous sites
Yazd Jame mosque Imam Reza Shrine
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Some Pictures: My old classmates!
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Some pictures: Where I was born, Tehran
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Some pictures: Tehran (a rare clean day!)Not always you can see the mountains which are covered with snow.
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Ski resorts near Tehran
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Tehran: Azadi Square
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Tehran at night
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Tehran: Traffic jam
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Tehran: Highways
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Iran:Nature
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Iran: Nature
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Iran: Geographical Location
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Climate and Demographics• Population:
70’000’000 (2006)
• Median age: 26 years
• GDP per capita (PPP):$9000
• Major government income:Oil and Gas
• Labor force : agriculture: 30% industry: 25% services: 45%
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Political System: Islamic republic
Parliament President Judiciary system
Election Assembly of experts (86 Islamic clerics)
Supreme Leader
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Political System (detailed)
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Political parties:
• Reformists
• Former President: Khatami
• Conservatives
• New President: Ahmadinejad
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Islam and other religions
Religions in Iran
– Muslim 98% • Shi'a 89%• Sunni 9%
– other (includes Zoroastrian, Jewish, Christian,…) 2%
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Zoroastrians
• The old religion of Iran before Islam
• Iranians converted to Islam 14 centuries ago
• 20’000 Zoroastrians live in Iran now
• They are free to have their temples and ceremonies
• My Father was born in a Zoroastrian neighborhood!
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Historical Zoroastrianism
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Zoroastrian Temple in Yazd
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Islam and Christianity
• Muslims believe in Jesus, prophet Mohammad as his successor
• 19th chapter of Quran is named “Mary”
• Christians are free to have their religious activities and ceremonies
• They have their own schools and churches
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Churchs
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Islam and Jews
• Muslims believe in Moses
• 17th chapter of Quran is named “Bani Israel” (The Jews)
• Around 30’000 Jews live in Iran (Second in middle east after Israel)
• They can have their school and temples
• There is no conflict with Jewish people.
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Khatami meets a jewish center in Tehran
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Iran and Israel conflict:Political rather than religious
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Minorities in Government
• Each of the main minorities (mentioned above) have one guaranteed seat in Parliament.
• Minorities can vote for muslims or their candidate
• 1 out of 270: Much more than their population ratio
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Women
• Dress Code
• Sports
• Right to Vote
• Government
• Universities
• Driving, etc…
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Women:Dress Code• compliance with Islamic Dress Code is
enforced in law
• However, The interpretation of Islamic Dress Code is not unique
• Let’s see some pictures….
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Typical youth group
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Typical youth group
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More religious women in streets
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More religious women: Islamic Dress show
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Typical women: Islamic Dress show
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Typical women in streets
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Less religious women in streets
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Less religious women in streets
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Shirin Ebadi, Peace Nobel Prize, 2003
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• Khatami and his daughter • Ebtekar, Khatami’s vice-president
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Women dress code
• More or less cultural rather than political enforcement
• Rageh Inside Iran, documentary from BBC4, watch 33:15
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Women:Sports
• Free for any kind of sport but NOT in presence of men: separate sport facilities
• Thus, No photos of women swimming pools available!
• Women should wear Islamic sports dress in presence of men
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Islamic Sports dress (for public)
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Islamic sports dress (for public)
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Islamic Sports dress (for public)
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Stadium
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Women
• Right to vote:According to constitution women and men have the same political rights.
• Government: a few women in cabinet a few women in parliament
relatively more in other positions
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Women
• Education:• Same 12 level education before college.
• Since 2004, more than 60% of university entrantswere female!
• Parliament insisted in 2004 that there can not be any gender limitation in admission to universities.
• Universities are not separate and classes are mixed
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Women
• DrivingLaw is the same for men and women regarding driving.
• Labor participation:50 (as % of male rate) 75% increase since 1990
81% for USA
source: Human Development Report, UNDP
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Women,On-going Struggle to ensure equal rights
• Despite all above, the law is not completely fair in some cases and women activists struggle continues.
• There have been some improvements but there are more issues in law to be resolved related to:– Marriage
– Bequest
– Judge position
– etc…
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References:
• To have a better understanding of Iran, I would recommend the following sources:
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Recommended Videos about Iran• Rageh Inside Iran, (90 min, BBC 4 documentary)
• The Jews of Iran (8 min, Australian SBS)
• Daily Life (4 min, video clip)
• Skiing in Iran (13 min, documentary about skiing by a foreigner tourist)
• Beautiful Iran (4 min, Video clip)
• Nature (9 min, Iran nature)
• Iran, historical Treasure (10 min, Iran history)
• Maz Jobrani (5 min, Comedy standup about Iran!)
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Recommended Pictures from Iran:
• Iran (Great Gallery of life, art and nature)
• Daily Life
• Tehran
• Nature
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Recommended Websites:
• CIA World Factbook
• Wikipedia, Iran
• Wikipedia, History of Iran
• About Iran, A flash file
• Iran Tourism