IR203 Week9 Globalization
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Transcript of IR203 Week9 Globalization
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IR 203 Global Economy &
International Relations LectureNotesDr. Bezen Coskun, [email protected]
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected] -
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This week we will learn...
1. Key Concepts
2. Definition of Globalization
3. Dimensions of Globalization
4. History of Globalization
5. Theories of International Relations and Globalization
6. Anti-Globalization Movement
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Key Concepts
Capitalism-An economic system based on private ownership of capital
and the means of production (standing wealth and other forms ofproperty).
Cold War- The hostile relations between the two superpowers, theUnited States of America and the former Soviet Union.
G-8- Group of Eight.
Global- covering or affecting the whole world.
Global Politics- the state will no longer be at the centre of attention-but neither will it be marginalized.
Globalization- increasing integration of the world in terms ofcommunications, culture, and economics.
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IMF- International Monetary Fund.
IPE- International Political Economy.
Sovereignty-A states right, at least in principle, to do whatever itwants within its own territory.
WB- World Bank.
WTO- World Trade Organization.
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Definition of Globalization
In general terms globalizationis an economic, political,technological, and socio-cultural process where the
importance of state boundaries decreases and the countries
and their people live in an integrated global system.
The term has become particularly popular in International
Political Economy and in cultural studies.
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Dimensions of Globalization
Three main dimensions of globalization:
i. Economic Dimensions of Globalization
ii. Socio-cultural Dimensions of Globalization
iii. Political Dimensions of Globalization
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Economic Dimensions of
Globalization
Economic globalization is one of the most frequently
used in discussions of development, trade, and IPE.
It is a process by which the economies of the world
become increasingly integrated, leading to global
economy and, increasingly, global economicpolicymaking, for example, through international
agencies such as WTO, IMF, and WB.
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Socio-cultural Dimensions of
Globalization
Social globalizationmeans processes whereby manysocial relations become relatively delinked from territorial
geography, so that human lives are increasingly played out in
the world as a single place.
Cultural globalizationrefers to an emerging global
culture, in which people more often consume similar goodsand services across countries and use of common language.
Examples: Coco-Cola, Mc Donald and use of English.
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Political Dimensions of
Globalization
In political studies globalization ideas have beensignificant in thinking about ideology and in
political behaviour in terms of issue areas suchas ecopolitics and human rights.
In terms of the environment and human rights clearevidence of the need for global codes of conduct.
In terms of ideology writers like Hungtington andFukuyama have pointed to the globalization ofliberalism following the end of the Cold War.
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History of Globalization
It is hard to determine a specific moment when globalization started or
to describe exact stages of its historical development.
History shows no obvious time on which everyone will agree.
Although considerable groundwork for globalization was laid in earliertimes, the noun globalization entered a dictionary for the first time in
1961.
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Theories of International Relations
Realism Liberalism Marxism
Analytic
Units
Sovereign States in an
Anarchic International
System
State, Sub-State
Actors(firms,
NGOs), InternationalOrganizations
States, Classes, Societies,
Nonstate actors as part of
Capitalist World System
View of ActorsStates as Unitary
Actors
Domestic actors and
processes of decision
making matter
Determined by the historical
and economic
circumstances
Behavioural
Dynamics
Concern about the potential
use of force. Maximize
national security:diplomacy,
deterrence,allying,war
Interests are broadly
defined(legitimacy,economic,s
ecurity). Bargaining is central
means.
States and groups act
within patterns of
dominance
IssuesNational
Security,Conflict,Pe
ace
Broad AgendaEconomic issues
(dependency)
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Realism and Globalization
For realists, states hold sovereignty, and globalization doesnot cause obsolete the struggle for political power between
states.
Globalization does not weaken the importance of the threat ofthe use of force.
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Liberalism and Globalization
Liberalism focuses on a much wider set of
interactions between states and non-state actors.
For liberals, globalization is the end point of the
transformation of world politics.
Liberals are particularly interested in the revolution
in technology and communications represented by
globalization.
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Marxism and Globalization
Marxistsseen globalization as a negative process.
For Marxists, globalization is not new process, and it is the
latest stage in the development of international capitalism by
West.
Globalization further deepens the existing divide between the
rich and poor countries.
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Anti-Globalization
Movement
The anti-globalization
movement developed inthe late 20thcentury to fight
the globalization of
corporate economic activity
and the free trade with
developing nations that
might result from such
activity.
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Anti-Globalization
Movement Members of the anti-globalization movement
generally advocate anarchist, nationalist, socialist,
social democratic or environmentalist alternatives.
Although supporters of the movement often work
together, the movement itself is diverse.
Demonstrations: the Seattle (Washington-USA)
WTO meeting of 1999, Genoa (Italy)G8 summit in
2001.