IR. MD. WAHID BIN MOHD NORDIRECTOR WATER AUDIT DIVISION

SEPTEMBER 2012

AUDIT ON WATERWATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN

MALAYSIA

NATIONAL AUDIT DEPARTMENT

1. Introduction- Key National Statistics (Water)- Facts About Water- Water Regulatory Agency

2. Water Cycle3. Objective, Scope & Methodology4. Line Of Inquiry5. Audit Finding & Issues6. Lesson Learn, Impact To The Public7. Way Forward

CONTENT

Climate Change

KEY NATIONAL STATISTICS (WATER) - 2010

• Raw Water Source : Mainly Surface Water with minor groundwater

• Design Capacity : 16,771 MLD• Production Capacity : 14,065 MLD• Total No. of Treatment plant : 458• Total Length of Pipes : 131,286 KM• Pipe Material : AC (31.9%), PE (16.8%), MS (24.7%), uPVC

(15.5%), DI (7.4%), CI (1.2%), Others (2.5%)• Total Connection :6,459,663• Connections : Domestic (86.7%), Non Domestic (13.3%)• Per capita Consumption : 225 litre/cap/d• NRW : 36%• Population Served : Overall (94.2%)

Urban (96.8%), Rural (89.7%)

FACTS ABOUT WATER1. Over 1.5 billion people do not have access to clean, safe water.2. Almost 4 million people die each year from water related diseases.3. 43% of water related deaths are due to diarrhea.4. 98% of water related deaths occur in the developing world.5. Unsafe water is the biggest killer of children under five; around

90% of all diarrheal deaths are in this age group.6. Lack of access to clean water and sanitation has claimed more

lives through disease than any war through guns.

WATER REGULATORY AGENCY

SOURCE

DAM

RIVER

TREATMENT

BALANCINGRESERVOIR

DISTRIBUTION

SERVICERESERVOIR

TRUNK MAIN

DISTRIBUTION MAIN

CONSUMER

STATE FEDERAL

CATCHMENT AREA

WATER TREATMENT PLANT

After Federal Constitution Amendment

THE WATER CYCLE

Water Cycle- Nature Water Cycle- Built Water Cycle Total Water Recycle

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OBJECTIVE OF STUDY

To determine whether the planning, implementation, and monitoring drinking water quality has been managed properly, efficiently and effectively in accordance with the standards to ensure that drinking water supplied is safe and acceptable to consumers.

An audit covers 3 years from 2005 to 2007 to carry out analysis of data. Whereas in 2008, it will lead to an audit inspection on site.Involve the cooperation of:

1. State Water Operator - Covered the whole country 2. MOH (Ministry of Health Malaysia)3. SPAN (National Water Services Commission) for the states in

Peninsular only and Regulatory Bodies of Water (Sabah & Sarawak).

Covers the whole course starting from the raw water source to the user.

The study was carried out on networks / course for the 42 /453 of the treatment plant from the treatment plant in the country selected as a sample for an audit of drinking water quality management studies.

THE SCOPE OF THE AUDIT

METHODOLOGYAudit methodology is included:

1. Samples were collected by the MOH and the State Water Supply Agency.

2. Inspection of the sampling stations.3. Carry out analysis of data.4. Ensure procedures are in compliance with

standard sampling.5. Carry out comparison of the sampling schedule,

the performance of water quality and water quality trends for each state.

6. Implement the questionnaire concerning the quality of water supplied to consumers.

7. Comparison of unit cost and quality of water supplied.

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National Water Quality Standards for Malaysia (DOE)

Classification Usage

Class I Conservation of natural environment.Water supply l – Practically no treatment necessary.Fishery l – Very sensitive aquatic species

Class IIA Water supply ll – Conventional treatment requiredFishery ll – Sensitive aquatic species

Class IIB Recreational use with body contact

Class III Water supply lll – Extensive treatment requiredFishery lll – Common of economic value and tolerant species; livestock drinking

Class IV Irrigation

Class V None of the above

Parameters Maximum Acceptable Value

Fluoride 0.4 – 0.6 mg/l

Turbidity < 5 NTU

pH 6.5 - 9.0

Colour < 15 TCU

Free Residuel Chlorine 0.2 – 5.0 mg/l

Aluminium < 0.2 mg/l

Manganese < 0.1 mg/l

National Drinking Water Quality Standards

Source: Ministry of Health

Source: DOE

TEST PARAMETERS ON THE WATER

(PHYSICAL / CHEMICAL / BIOLOGICAL)

The tests carried out: -

1. pH

2. Turbidity

3. Colour

4. Free Residuel Chlorine

• Iron

1. Manganese

2. Aluminium

3. Ammonia

4. Fluoride

5. Total/Faecal Coliform

Physical Test

Chemical Test

Biological Test

LINE OF INQUIRY1. Government Policy2. Law, Guidelines and Regulations3. Water Quality Program

Water Quality TestingDrinking Water Quality Standards

4. Human CapitalOrganizational StructureManpower Requirements

5. Water Quality Testing EquipmentWater Quality Testing Equipment RequirementsWater Quality Testing Equipment Maintenance

• Financial Requirements4. Maintenance of Records

Record of Water Quality TestingPublic complaints

5. Monitoring mechanism

AUDIT FINDINGS……There are number of weaknesses found in the drinking water quality management:

•Most Catchment Area Not Gazetted.•Lack Of Awareness Among The State Water Authorities.•High Cost Involved•Fragmentation

•Raw Water Quality -Deterioration In Water Quality Illegal Activities In The Catchment Area - Farming, - Agriculture - Livestock - Garbage Disposal - Deforestation

Illegal Activities In The River Basin - Effluent Discharge - From STP - Leachate Discharge – Solid Waste Disposal (Landfill) - Industrial Discharge – Chemical & Biological - Sludge Discharge From WTP - Domestic Discharge – Grey & Dark Water - Restaurant Discharge – Oil & Grease - Sand Mining

•Water Treatment Plant• Conventional Treatment Process • Competence Staff• Laboratory Equipment• Fluoridation Dosage System

Water Catchment Area, Border Basin, Dam And Reserve Forest in the Selangor state

StateArea

(hectares)

Status / Notes

Was Gazette (hectares)

Not yet Gazette (hectares)

In Process (hectares)

Perlis Gazetting of the dam on only

Kedah 139,294.00 31,219.00 - 108,075.00

Penang 6,288.29 6,288.29 - -

Perak 310,042.00 159,866.00 - 150,176.00

Selangor 47,683.99 35,054.57 - 12,629.42

N. Sembilan 47,150.42 47,150.42 - -

Melacca Gazetting of the river only

Johor 85,597.97 85,597.97 - -

Pahang 285,862.00 250,952.00 34,910.00 -

Terengganu 49,107.10 49,107.10 - -

Kelantan 35,898.00 35,898.00 - -

Sabah 3,804,500.00 - 3,804,500.00 -

Sarawak 11,537,995.00 4,079,535.00 7,458,460.00 -

Total 16,349,418.77 4,780,668.35 11,297,870.00 270,880.42

Table : Area and Status of Water Catchment Forest Gazette

Source: Department of Forestry / Regulatory Affairs / Water Supply Entities -2010

• % water catchment forest gazetted = 29%• More >70% still not gazetted• In process of gazetted = 1.66%

Ageing Infrastructure1. Treatment Plant- Using Conventional Treatment Vs Detoriate Raw Water Quality - Laboratory Equipment – Unreliable Data

- 64% of Fluoride Dosing System not Functional

2. Distribution System - Main Pipeline & Reticulation System - Burst & Leaks – Turbid Water,

- Corroded Pipe –Rusty Coloured Water

- Sampling Stations - Site Testing – In-situ Test – equipment not well maintain

- Weekly/ Monthly Testing – Unreliable Data - cased by – wrong sampling procedure

- sample not send on time

3. Plumbing System- G.I Communications Pipe - Corroded

- Old Storage Tank – Corroded – (press steel tank) – resulting in colored water

AUDIT FINDINGS……

Not calibratedOld equipment

Operation & Maintenance 1. Reservoir

- Unscheduled Cleaning – Sediment Built Up

- Coloured & Odour Water

2. Pipe Network- Unscheduled Cleaning/Flushing &

Scouring – Sediment Built Up1. Visual Appearance – Coloured Water - Smell & Odour Water - Delayed Pipe Burst & Leak Repair –

Back Siphoned

3. Violation On Water Quality - Quality Assurance Program (QAP) 1. Fluoride• Chlorine • Alumminium Sulphate

AUDIT FINDINGS……

Flushing Activities

Before

After

States

% VIOLATION

2006 2007 2008

Res Cl

(2.8)

E-coli (0.5)

E-coli & Res

Cl (0.3)

NTU (3.2)

Al (10.2)

Res Cl

(2.8)

E-coli (0.4)

E-coli & Res

Cl (0.3)

NTU (2.0)

Al (10.2)

Res Cl

(2.8)

E-coli (0.4)

E-coli & Res

Cl (0.3)

NTU (2.0)

Al (10.2)

Perlis 0.55 0.73 0 0 37.72 2.52 2.70 2.70 0 48.18 4.50 4.60 4.23 0 2.48

Kedah 1.65 0.26 0.31 2.93 11.85 2.30 0.43 0.21 5.71 10.35 1.60 0.30 0.16 4.98 2.93

Penang 2.33 0.18 0.03 0.21 4.67 2.41 0.18 0.12 0.45 7.36 0.43 0.06 0 0.32 0.98

Perak 0.51 0.22 0.06 0.82 9.75 1.00 0.06 0.03 1.98 12.23 1.18 0.29 0.03 2.77 2.64

Selangor 3.4 0.1 0.0 0.4 9.6 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 5.2 1.74 0.01 0 0.28 1.52

N. Sembilan 2.22 0.38 0.34 2.72 20.72 1.77 0.45 0.09 2.11 18.77 2.83 0.25 0.11 3.33 4.20

Melaka 3.36 0.21 0.03 1.11 8.96 1.45 0.03 0.03 0.45 3.81 0.96 0.12 0 0.31 1.28

Johor 5.41 0.29 0.03 0.56 26.26 5.58 0.73 0.05 0.98 28.31 2.06 0.30 0.02 0.89 4.66

Pahang 2.24 1.73 1.09 3.74 21.27 2.13 0.94 0.62 2.34 23.49 2.21 1.30 0.54 4.54 4.79

Terengganu 0.6 0.1 0.0 0.9 9.1 0.7 0.1 0.0 1.6 9.4 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.8 1.0

Kelantan 5.63 0.15 0.44 7.22 17.89 5.17 0.42 0.25 10.63 18.98 4.80 0.85 0.67 17.81 5.60

Sabah 7.54 0.34 1.24 8.46 22.14 5.17 0.68 1.23 5.83 19.0 6.94 4.53 2.80 12.27 27.83

Sarawak 1.18 0.26 0.00 0.29 22.81 1.27 0.28 0.00 0.15 24.42 1.68 0.66 0.01 0.43 22.14

Note: % who violate QAP

Source: KKM

DRINKING WATER QUALITY PERFORMANCE BASED QAP

QAP violation Set By MOH

Mostly violate on parameters:•Residual chlorine•Alumminium

Drinking Water Quality Performance Among State Based on the QAP

Violation average QAP in the States for the Period 2006 to 2008

IN-SITU WATER TEST & SAMPLING

Water quality before the work of ‘air-scouring’

Water quality in the work of ‘air-scouring’

Water quality after the work of ‘air-scouring’

DESCRIPTION OF WORKS ‘AIR SCOURING’

RESERVOIR CLEANING

BEFORE CLEANING

AFTER CLEANING

WAY FORWARD - SUSTAINABLE WATER SUPPLY

- Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM)

• Gazettement On Catchment Area• Enforcement•Integration Of Water Related Entity

-Demand Management - Optimum Daily Consumption - NRW Management

- Recycle Water- Recycle Sewerage Water- Recycle Industry Water

- Green Technology- Renewable Resources- Ground Water Replenished- Rain Water Harvesting

- Roof Top- Surface Runoff

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Thank You