IPM Technique Estimating Insect (Mind Mapping)
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Transcript of IPM Technique Estimating Insect (Mind Mapping)
M M M
PLA
N
MOHAMMAD IZMOHD FAHMI BMOHD FARID N
UNIVERSITY OSHAH
S
C“TECHNIQU
PESTS
BACHELORANTATION TECH
G
NAME
ZZAT BIN CHEBIN KENI NAZMI BIN MO
PRASSOC. PRO
Faculty oUniversity
OF TECHNOLOGH ALAM CAMPUSSELANGOR
HAPTER 6 UE FOR ESTIMS POPULATIO
AS220
R OF SCIENCE (HNOLOGY AND M
GROUP 14
AB AZIZ
OHAMED
REPARED FOR OF. DR. FAUZIAH
Lecturer of Applied Scieny of Technology
GY MARA S
MATING N”
HONS) MANAGEMENT
MATRIX NO
200842470 200841048 200841108
H ISMAIL
nces Mara
O
02 82 88
• An
shahav
• Usesyntpipe
• Appspracan
• A lacov
• Suffthe
• Colle
quick
• Expe
• Need
Descriptiirritant spray is king especially
ve to be samplede natural pyreththetic pyrethroeronyl butoxide.plied with knapay as high as popy.
arge area undeer with white bigficient time shoentire insect to
Disadvantage
ected of inse
kly after its fall d
ensive equipme
d many labors.
ion: useful alternati
y when large d. hrin or non-resids, combined sack mist-blow
possible into the
r the tree shoug cloth. ould be allowefall.
es:
ect should be
down
nt
ive to trees
sidual with
wer to e tree
ld be
d for
e
K
•
•
•
•
Ins
•
•
•
KNOCK DOWN
Advantag
Easy to identif
Suitable for th
Easy to get
insects.
Saving of time
sect Pests Sam
Fruit fly
Gold dust wee
Chafer beetle
SAMPLING
ges:
fy the insects
he large trees
the sample o
e.
mpling:
evil
f o
• Crop i
walkingstatus develo
• The exand 3r
and for• Crops
for em• For ex
infecteis not coloniemethod
• Estimapopulaseverawith Aby pow
Description
nspection is a reg through cropsof insect pest it a
opment and monitxperiment will be rd on growing ser two seasons at were selected a
ergence of parasxample, if the ced by aphid and texceeding score
es), we must ded should be used
ated based oation score: (1:noal colonies, 4: haAphid and 5: Whwdery or sooty mo
Disadvantages
• This me
to get a
• Experim
• Need a
: egular inspection s to examine also to assess pltoring pest level.done during the
eason at the statfield.
and monitored dasitoids or larvae.abbage plant wehe population sco
e number 3 (seveecided what cond to control this peon the followo aphid, 2: a fewlf of leaves is infole leaves coveould
s:
ethod takes a l
result.
mental error.
lot of money
by the ant
2nd tion
aily
ere ore eral trol est.
wing , 3: fest red
long of time
Insect
• Ap
Advantages:• The p
be mmethod
• The stand texamin
• Types determ
CROP INSP
Pests Samplin
phids
opulation of inmeasured andd will be determatus of insect pthe infection ned.
of damage mined.
PECTION
ng:
nsect can control
mined. population
will be
will be
• The basolutionusually
• The prattractarelies femalesdevelop
• The bfoliage kills the
• Overallcanopysprayin
• Control extreme
• Less efpopulatsexual m
• Gravid interestlaying s
• During amounttree lea
Description: ait was a molasn and the t
y a stomach poisrotein bait actsant and its on the fact ths need a protping mature eggait spray resiis ingested by
em. l coverage oy is unnecessarng technique' is
Disadvantagmay not be total
e pest pressure. ffective as the setions with femamaturity develop.female Queensla
ted in food than isites.
periods of higts of bait solutio
aves.
sses or sugar oxicant was son s as a food effectiveness
hat immature tein meal for gs. idue on the the flies and
of the tree ry and a ‘spot adequate.
ges: ly adequate at tim
eason progresseales at all stag. and fruit flies arein finding suitable
gh rainfall, signn may be wash
mes of
es and es of
e less e egg-
nificant ed off
Insec
•
••
Adv• Less harmfu• Costs are l
used per tre• Less time
demanding o• Simple to us• More enviro
of reduced p• Minimize fru• Reduced pe
BAIT SPRAY
ct Pest Sampli
Fruit fly (Bactrofacialis)
Bactrocera triliBactrocera ob
vantages: ul to beneficial insower as less m
ee or per hectare.consuming a
of labor. se onmentally soundpesticide usage uit residue problemesticide usage.
Y
ng:
ocera
neola blique
sects material is
and less
because
ms.
• This me
(mite br• Apply th• Choose• Rotate l• Use pic
mites af• Leaves
brushe s
• These ta very th
• It is impremove
• Anotherclean pmites w
• The stapaper ca
• Use ind
Descrip
ethod using 5x–1rush) and sample his method 1 to 3 e 20 trees randomeaf sample from
ck Scaffold such fter brush the mite
are dipped bes which dislodge tthen fall on the rohin layer of adhes
portant that the brthe mites withou
r alternative sampiece of absorbeith a roller.
ains on the papean be kept for chex to calculate di
• The
pop
lea
sam
ption: 0x visor or hand vials and label.times per year.
mly and pick up 5 north, south, easas glass plate f
es from the leaf.etween contra-rothe mites. otating glass platsive. rushes be set cart crushing them.pling method is
ent paper and to
er are then couecking sturbance
Disadvantag
e samples not
pulation becaus
aves on the top
mple.
lens, optional
leaves each. st and west. for gather the
otating spiral
te coated with
refully so as to
to place on a o squash the
nted and the
ges:
cover the who
e the high tre
p might be not
ole
es
in
•
•
M
Insect Pests S
• Mites
Advantages:Low of cost
High labour nee
MITE SAMPLIN
d
Sampling:
NG
• Bright perenn
• Aphid caugh
• Again insects
• Gentlyou ge
• Used eradiceffecti
• Cardsat a di
• Shakeencou
Desc
yellow, to attranials. adults are attrac
ht before laying egthis trap should s. y shake the planet a cloud of whitewith Sun spray
cate the white flveness of eradica come in packagstance of 7 squae plant gently if
urage the attractio
Disad• Trap • Cost • Cost
cription: ct insects away
cted to this colourggs on the flowerbe used to lesse
nt such as a pelare insects that fly ay Ultra Fine oilly, using the caation. es of 5 cards eacre feet or one pethe insect popu
on to the cards.
dvantages: beneficial insecof implement of labour
from flowers an
r, and often can br bud. n the population
rgonium and seearound the plant.or Neem oil w
ards will triple th
ch. Use either car bush.
ulation is heavy
ct
nd
be
of
e if
will he
ard
to
Advan• Non toxic • Withstand f• Monitoring
Inse• A• C• C• T• W
ntages:
from water fling insects
YEL
ect Pests SampAphids Cabbage root mCarrot rust fliesThrips Whitefly
LLOW STICKY
pling:
maggots
CARD
• T• A
beabofot
• Tar(pbe
• Aimessu
• Tar
• Ade
• This scale
• This applic
• Time
Descriphis method is mu
A sampling tray is eneath plant foliabove is struck shaf times (2 to 5) wither hand. he tray may be orea or as small aplastic disposableeen used).
Arthropods fallinmmediately colscapes, so a poucking insects inthis process reround the periphe
An attempt is mensity of foliage b
Disadvantagmethod is appli
e method requirecation and labour req
ption: uch like sweepingheld horizontally
age and the foliagarply a standard ith a short stick o
ne square foot inas 5 inch or 6 ince pie plates hav
ng to the trallected before
ooter (a small deto a tube) is usefuepeated severaery or the plant. ade to standardbeaten.
ges: cable only on sm
s repeated
uirements is hig
.
ge number r the
surface ch circle ve often
ay are them
evice for ul. l times
dize the
mall
gh. •••
In
SHAKING &
AdvantaCost requiredThere are noSkilled labourequired.
nsect Pests Sam• Aphids • Bugs • Thrips • Spider mit
& BEATING
ages: d is very less
o any side effecturs are not
mpling:
es
t
WEEP NET CATCHES
sweep net consist of a cone shaped cloth bag 2 feet(0.6 m) deep fitted into a wire loop15 inches (38 cm) in diameter and attached to a handle 26 inches (65 cm) long.
Sweep may be taken singular visual insects species a series of sweeps count based on an average of insects.
Disadvantages:
•Difficult to catches the flying insect
•Need to long period to catches the insect
Advantages:
• Inexpensive
• Simple
• Easy to obtain
• Effective
Insect Pests Sampling in Classification Order:
• Hymenoptera
• Coleoptera
• Hemiptera
• Phasmida
How to Use This Trap:
• Choose the locations, Measure an area that is one square meter in size for each site that you intend to sweep. Pick an area as a control site and practice your sweep net swing. Immediately grasp the bag about half way up to make sure your captured animals do not escape. While another student holds the resealable plastic bag open, place the net over it, loosen your grasp and turn it inside out into the bag.
MALAISE TRAP
Insect Pests Sampling:
•Hymenoptera
•Diptera Advantages:
•Set out for long periods of time
•Easy to adjustable so that the samples jar may be raised and lowered.
• A Malaise trap is a large; the trap is made of a material such as terylene netting and can be various colours. Malaise traps are generally set out for long periods of time and checked at least weekly, or occasionally every other week. The walls are generally black and the roof is usually white. Poles, wooden or otherwise, are used to support the trap at each corner and at the peak in front. The traps we use are about 5 ft high at the front peak, 4 ft high in the back, about 6 ft long, and 3 feet wide. It is recommended that the bottle end be placed nearest the edge, but we have had luck either way. When searching for suitable spots, try to envision what the area will look like at different times of day.
Disadvantages:
• Malaise trap have a biggest size and difficult to get the ideal location and position to maximum the collecting of insect.
IMPACTION TRAPS
Description:
Impaction trap also called as cylindrical sticky trap. This trap use to
trapped insects on the ground surface. This trap is coated with
substances that remain over a long period. The catch of certain species
may be increased if an attractant is added to the sticky material or the
surface is of a particular color. Banding is smeared on the plastic cover
and the cylinder supported on a wooden stake at height of about 1‐2
meters. This trap more efficiency which it constants with wind speed.
Flat sticky boards also have been used to sample rice crop.
Disadvantages:
• They not prevent trapped
animals from killing each other.
• They are fairly non selective
• Catch size influenced by
population sizes, activity levels,
weather, size and nature trap.
Advantages:
• Inexpensive
• Simple to
use
• More
effective if raise
Insect Pests Sampling:
• Coleopteran: Scolytidae (e.g: bark
beetles)
• Grasshopper nymphs
• Aphids
• Bemisia argentifolii
• Fruitfly
• Lady beetle
WATER TRAPS
Materials:
• Water traps: plastic bowl or bucket.
• Dimensions: 273mm diameter x 79mm
depth.
• Color: bright yellow, yellow or white.
• Pure detergent: unscented liquid
dishwashing detergent.
• Salt
Insect Pests Sampling:
• Aphids
• Thrips
• White fly
• Diptera
• Hemiptera: Mealy
bug
• Melon flies
• Coleoptera: Leaf
bettle
Disadvantages:
• Easy to overflow if heavy rain occur and dry
out in the sun
• Attracts and kill the beneficial insects.
• Captures are unreliable as quantities
indicators of potential infestation
• Need more quality water pan trap depend
on wide of the area.
Advantages:
•Not damage the insects specimen
•Easy to remove insects specimen
•Easy to used by farmer
•More effective if raise above ground level
•Efficient in the sampling of hymenopteran
Disa• Needs an e• Less efficie• Less versa• Apparatus
• nes h Machi ainsects into a
• The knapsacand a centrifcan be placed
• The collectinopening of thbe sampled wwater film in t
• A motorized adapted by fiof the fan.
• Electric enggenerator.
advantages: electric power soent than Malaise atile than yellow pis usually heavy.
ave engine-driven fine mesh net.
ck with a 2-strokefugal fan 35cm did over plants. ng bag is positihe long hose- damwithout insect beinghe hose. knapsack mist-bl
tting a hose top th
gine powered by
urce trap
pan trap .
fans to suck
e 98cc engine iameter which
ioned at the mp foliage can g trapped in a
lower can be he suction side
y a portable
• Sim• Ine• Co
ligh• Be
meden
MOBILE TRAPS
S
Advantages:mple expensive nstantly in most
ht condition st current ap
easuring absolutnsity
SUCTION TRAP
weather and
pproach for e population
FIXED TRAPS
PS
•
•
•
•
• Small suctionexposed conethrough whichcooper gaugethe connecting
• Other traps wbeen designethrough the fa
• The number othe volume is
• The 12.2m hhas a centrifu3m at the ba25cm diamete
n traps for catch
Insect Pests SamFoxglove Aphid(Aulocauthum sGreen Peach Apercae) Melon or Cotton(Aphis gossypiiPotato Aphid (Meuphorbiae)
e type usually has h air and insect pae cone at the end g tubes. with an enclosed d so those insects
an. of insect caught idneeded.
high Rothamsted sgal fan inside a bo
ase of a 9m plaster.
hing insects a 30cm fan
ass into the of which is
cone have do not pass
d divided by
suction trap ox of 76cm x tic chimney,
mpling: d solani) Aphid (myzus
n Aphid i) Macrosiphum
Description:
• About 10 X 25 cm blue sticky cards that
attractive pest insects (especially
effective for catching thrips as they are
drawn to the blue colouring).
Approximate infestation, and monitor the
progress of your beneficial insects by
observing what is caught on these traps.
Insect pest sampling:
• Thrips
• Leafminer
Advantages:
• Easy to monitor the progress of
your beneficial insects by
observing what is caught on these
traps.
• Greatly reduce the amount of the
insect populations.
• This trap has greatly colouring to
attract the insect pest.
Disadvantages:
• Only small insect trap in this sticky card
• Not suitable to covered the large area
1. ROTHAMSTED TRAP
• Originally fitted with a 200 W
tungsten lamp.
• 60cm square roof cover the lamp
confining the illumination to a
beam, which diverges about 22.5°
above the horizontal in all
direction.
Description: Light traps make use of a light source to attract night-flying insects. They are especially useful to monitor certain species of moths. Catching moths in the light trap will tell the farmer that is time to start searching for eggs or caterpillars in the field.
Disadvantages:
• That moth within the egg-trays of the metal bin remain the darkness and will be attempting to escape should the lamp be switched off before down.
2. ROBINSON
• The first to use ultra violet
light. Exposed to a
complete hemisphere
Advantages:
• Taken of the attraction of many insect to a
light source.
• Can used with or without a cover but if they
are to be operated for several night, covers
should be installed to keep out rain.
• Insects fall directly into a killing jar.
• Methyl eugenol mixed in different ratios
with Cuelure is used as an attractant
for melon fly (Cadus cucurbitae
Coquillett). A mixture of 10% Cuelure
and 90% methyl eugenol showed the
highest attractant activity and remained
effective for >225 days in field tests.
Insect pest sampling:
• Fruit fly, Dacus
dorsalis Hendel,
• Melon fly
Disadvantages:
• Depends on environmental factors
(wind, temperature and rainfall) to
spread.
• Many insect fly and respond to
semiochemicals only at certain time
(dusk, night)
• Effective against only one or a few
species.
Advantages:
• Highest attractant activity and
remained effective for >225 days
in field tests.
• Reduce pest population rapidly
• Labour saving tools
Description:
• Pheromones used as a bait to attract
certain insects (especially moths) and catch
them in a trap. This traps use a sticky
surface to catch the insects, but others use
containers filled with water or other liquids
to catch them. Most pheromones are "sex
pheromones". These are chemicals
released by female moths to attract a male
partner.
Insect pest sampling:
• Coleoptera
• Lepidoptera
• Hemiptera
Advantages:
• Environmentally friendly method
• Easier to operate
• Attract specific insect
• Lower cost
• Safety to human health
• Minimize the resistance development
Disadvantages:
• The chemicals are often
expensive and not easily
available.
• Not very efficient for controlling
pests.
Disadvantages:
• They not prevent trapped animals from killing
each other.
• They are fairly non selective
• Catch size influenced by population sizes,
activity levels, weather, size and nature trap.
Description:
• An adapting of hunting techniques
that dates back to primitive man.
• It consists of a plastic cup with a
funnel a hole is dug in the ground,
the trap is sunk into the soil and the
mouth is level with soil surface.
Insect pest sampling:
• True bug
• Ants
• Ground dwelling
crickets
• Carabid beetles
Advantages:
• Cheaps (empty food or
drink containers may be
used).
• Easy and quick to operate.
• Grid of traps can provide
an impressive set of data.
• Do not kill the animals
except inadvertently.
How to use:
Dig holes that are the right size for your cups. Put
at least 5 pit traps in each habitat. Place 2 cups,
one inside the other, in the holes. Make sure the
rim of the cup is just below the surface of the soil.
Leave the traps alone for 2-3 days. Empty the traps into plastic bags.