International Institute of Tropical Agriculture – Institut international d’agriculture tropicale – www.iita.org

IPM in cotton and cashew

Manuele Tamò

insect ecologist

R4D week, Nov 23 2009

International Institute of Tropical Agriculture – Institut international d’agriculture tropicale – www.iita.org

Developing alternatives to cotton pesticides in

Benin (Dutch Embassy in Benin)

Cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera

Single most important pest in cotton

Resistant to most common synthetic pesticides and 1st gen. bt-cotton

International Institute of Tropical Agriculture – Institut international d’agriculture tropicale – www.iita.org

- biopesticides:

entomopathogens, neem oil

- trap plants: sunflowers,

marigolds

- conservation of locally

available natural enemies

(parasitoids, spiders etc.)

- integration of all these

options

International Institute of Tropical Agriculture – Institut international d’agriculture tropicale – www.iita.org

Milieux paysans (Banikoara)

Godou

Ounet

Goumonri

Founougo

Pratiques

Nombre moyen de H.

armigera par

cotonnier

Rendements moyen (kg/ha)

Nombre moyen de H.

armigera par

cotonnier

Rendements moyen (kg/ha)

Nombre moyen de H.

armigera par

cotonnier

Rendements moyen (kg/ha)

Nombre moyen de H.

armigera par

cotonnier

Rendements moyen

(kg/ha)

Huile de neem 0,090 ± 0,031 a 990 ± 248 a 0,056 ± 0,033 a 460,4 ± 99 0,967 ± 0,160 a

333 - 410,4 ± 69

Metarhizium

anisopliae

0,124 ± 0,034 a 1238 ± 35 a 0,061 ± 0,035 a 212,5 ± 6 1,000 ± 0,180 a 238 - 218,8 ± 38

Beauveria

bassiana

0,071 ± 0,051 a 998 ± 43 a 0,045 ± 0,028 a 495,8 ± 84 1,096 ± 0,191 a 340 - 379 ± 65

Conventionnel 0,200 ± 0,108 a 1154,2 ± 211 a 0,085 ± 0,037 a 517 ± 214 1,033 ± 0,165 a 538 - 556 ± 232

Impact of different control methods on bollworm numbers and

cotton yield in Northern Benin

International Institute of Tropical Agriculture – Institut international d’agriculture tropicale – www.iita.org

How to scale out these options:

Neem oil:

- no need to scale out !

- market driven, as long as one can make a profit

- monitor spill-over effect on other cash crops

Mycopesticides:

- more complicated

- registration, patenting, quality control issues

- economic benefit: investment for production

Trap plants:

- added value (selling of sunflower seeds)

Strategic partnerships:

NARS (other countries), NGOs, private sector, ‘champions’

International Institute of Tropical Agriculture – Institut international d’agriculture tropicale – www.iita.org

The parasitoid Habrobracon brevicornis

International Institute of Tropical Agriculture – Institut international d’agriculture tropicale – www.iita.org

Country Villages Producers keeping release bags Release bags

installed

Evaluation

(villages assessed)

Number of millet

spikes observed

Men Women Release villages Control villages

Niger 90 470 25 1303 24 8 14400

Burkina Faso 51 235 20 690 23 5 16350

Mali 31 83 10 465 31 8 17750

Total 172 788 55 2458 78 21 48500

Development of delivery systems: phase II

International Institute of Tropical Agriculture – Institut international d’agriculture tropicale – www.iita.org

Feasibility for IPM of cashew pests (BMZ):

new challenges in insect ecology

Apate terebrans in action

International Institute of Tropical Agriculture – Institut international d’agriculture tropicale – www.iita.org

The (invasive?) cashew leafminer Eteoryctis syngramma (Meyrick)

International Institute of Tropical Agriculture – Institut international d’agriculture tropicale – www.iita.org

Scaling out based on results from feasibility study

Leafminer: classical biological control (inoculative releases)

Helopeltis bugs: augmentative biocontrol + biopesticides

Apate borer: aggregation pheromones + biopesticides