IPHY 3430 12-08-11

Final: Wed. Dec. 15,7:30 amFinal is mandatory for everybody

3. Growth (Somatotropic) Hormone

Does not have target organ that secretes its own hormone.Controls growth after birth (via somatomedins) 1. Growth of bone 2. Growth of soft tissues 3. Stimulates protein synthesis (uptake of

amino acids and inhibition of protein degredation) 4. Synergistic with thyroid hormone

Non-growth aspects of growth hormone action

Even in adults, growth hormone very impt.1. Increases lipolysis, 2. Decreases glucose uptake by tissues3. Spares protein, glucose 4. Blood levels increase 20x during starvation

4. Prolactin

Target--alveolar epithelium in mammary gland to promote secretion of milk

5. Follicle stimulating hormone

In women, causes growth of the follicle, causes follicle to produce estrogen Estrogen’s effects: 1. egg maturation and release, 2. growth and maintenance of entire female reproductive tract, 3. thins cervical mucous to allow sperm

penetration 4. Growth of endometrium 5. Just about everything else

6. Luteinizing Hormone

In women, causes ovulation of mature egg, conversion of follicle into corpus luteum, and secretion of estrogen and progesteroneIn males, causes interstitial cells of Leydig to

secrete testosterone

Regulation of hormone secretion from anterior lobe

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)Gondadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)Growth Hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) Somatostatin(inhibits GH release)Dopamine--inhibits release of prolactin

How the pill works

contain estrogen/progesteroneTaken first 3 weeks of cycleHigher than normal levels negatively feedback on the hypothalamus, suppressing release of Gnrh, thus blocking the release of FSH, LHNo FSH, No LH--> no ovulationDrop in hormone levels at end of 3rd week causes small menstrual flow

Average Failure rate

Pill 2-2.5%Norplant 1.0%IUD 4.0%vasectomy 0.2%tubal ligation 0.5%male condom 16%spermacides 30%diaphragm with spermacide 18%withdrawal 23%rhythm 20-30%

Pancreatic HormonesInsulinreleased from cellcauses decrease in blood glucosefacilitates glucose transport into cellsincreases synthesis of glycogenincreases synthesis of fatinhibits protein degradationactive transport of amino acids into cells

Glucagonsecreted by cellincreases blood glucoseincreases breakdown of glycogenpromotes fat breakdowninhibits protein synthesis, promotes

protein breakdown

DiabetesType I Type II

insulin secretion none lotsonset childhood adulthood% diabetics 10-20% 80-90Obesity? No yestreatment insulin diet and ex.Genetic? Yes yesEnvironmental? Yes yes.