Securing and Balancing Supplies with Distributed Energy Resources

Graham Ault

Overview

♦Background

♦DER integration and contribution to the system

♦Security and balancing in Microgrids

♦Conclusions

2

3

Background: Example ANM Scenario

Product: ANM 50

Generation export of real power raises voltage at point of

connection and along the feeder resulting in AVC scheme

operation and low voltage measurements on parallel

feeders.

Operation:

• Real-time monitoring at PCC, end of line voltage on

lowest voltage feeder and at the substation.

• Curtail real-power when beyond voltage design limits

• Regulate the production or absorption of reactive power

• Adjust the target voltage of the on load tap change

controller

Primary

Substation 1

SCADA / DMS

Generator

Generator

Existing

generation

outside of ANM

system

ANM enabled

generator

within control

of ANM system

i v i v

Generator

Generator

i v

Generator

i v

v

ANM 50

Generator

i v

Generator

i v

AVC

Scheme

ANM 50

DER integration and contribution to the system What have we learned about DER integration and the role of Active Network Management (ANM) in the last year?

4

5

Cambridgeshire

Challenge Increase grid capacity, reduce time to connect and cost of connection for distributed generation in Cambridgeshire. Technical challenges include thermal overloads and localised voltage rise constraints.

Solution

♦ Non-firm actively managed grid connections for distributed generation using ANM 100.

♦ Integration with Dynamic Line Rating relays and Quad Booster Control System.

Delivered Benefits

♦ 15 generators (55 MW) accepted ANM connection offers out of the 24 connection offers made

♦ Reduction of CAPEX in connection offers of 75-95% to individual generators

♦ Aggregate saving of £44m

♦ 29 week decrease in connection time. EPN licence area heat map for DG

connections

Cambridgeshire ANM area Norwich ANM

area launched

Dec 2014

following

success of

Cambridgeshire

6

Cambridgeshire H

igh

leve

l sc

he

ma

tic o

f Ca

mb

ridg

es

hire

so

lutio

n

Connection costs and estimated curtailment levels for

normal connection versus ANM connection

DLR

AVC

M

M

M

M

M

Power Flow Constraint B

AVC

Client

RTU

Client

RTU

Power Flow Constraint C

Voltage Constraint B

Voltage Constraint A

SCADA (Control Room)

Generator 1

Generator 3

Generator 4

Generator 2

Generator 5

Power Flow Constraint A

RF MeshIEC 61850

IEC 61850

IEC 61850

IEC 61850

IEC 61850

IEC 61850

7

London

Challenge Demonstrate how ANM can be used to increase visibility of

distributed generation, improve security of supply, manage

different DER types and avoid demand driven reinforcement.

Solution

♦ ANM 100 configured to second by second manage

export and import of distributed generation (20+ MWs

from CHP), demand aggregators (3 aggregators) and EV

charging (50 charge points totaling 600 kW).

Delivered Benefits

♦ A third more distributed energy plants to export power to

urban networks

♦ £43m of savings identified through the visibility and

contribution of Distributed Generation to security of

supply.

Example trace of ANM delivering autonomous demand response

8

London

Technical overview of the ANM trials

EHV

HV

DG Control

System

Primary User

Interface

RTU Measurement

Points

Primary Substation

Local Demand

Response Site

Central ANM Controller

M M M Central Demand Response

Control Centre

Low Carbon London

Operational Data Store

UKPN

SCADA

Modbus/IP

(VPN)

TCP/IP

TCP/IP

various

DNP3/IP

ANM Data Historian

GPRS

Electric Vehicle

Charging Network

Operator

Electric Vehicle

Charging

Infrastructure

Modbus/IP

(VPN)

DG Control

System

Local Distributed Generation Site

various

GPRS

Power

Current

HV/LV Network

9

Skegness and Corby

Challenge

Roll-out ANM connections for DG customers within 6 months.

Technical challenges include thermal and voltage constraints

for wind and PV developments.

Solution

♦ Non-firm actively managed grid connections for distributed

generation using ANM 100.

♦ ANM 100 delivered and operational within 3 months.

♦ Consultancy services, capacity analysis and training to

build internal knowledge and capability.

Delivered Benefits

♦ Skegness: several generation connection offers accepted

♦ Corby: several generation connection offers accepted

♦ Several 10’s MW generation connection acceptances

♦ Other ANM areas scheduled

SGS and WPD engineers commissioning the

Skegness ANM system

10

Skegness and Corby

Single line diagram of the Skegness network

showing ANM connecting generation with

thermal and voltage constraint locations.

11

South-East Scotland

Challenge

♦ To increase the speed and cost of connection for DG projects (e.g. PV, wind and thermal) in the South East of Scotland.

♦ Reduce wasted engineering effort in connection quotations which are not accepted (currently >90%)

♦ Technical challenges include thermal overloads and voltage.

Solution

♦ ANM-enable grid supply points with ANM 100 to manage distribution and transmission constraints

♦ Deliver an online capacity analysis tool for distributed generation customers to screen connections before applying

Status

♦ Customer connection portal in trial and being rolled out across the area by June 2015

♦ 3 grid supply points ANM-enabled and integrated to existing communications and SCADA ready for distributed generator connections

Available Capacity

Limited capacity

No capacity

ANM enabled area

Project area and constrained circuits for distributed generation

connections

12

Online Capacity Analysis Tool

Online customer self-service planning tool

Example results page from the customer self-service tool

showing benefits of an ANM connection

13

Shetland Isles

Challenge

Develop and manage the non-interconnected island grid

more efficiently and increase role of renewable energy in

meeting future energy needs.

Technical challenge includes stability, primary reserve,

network operation and thermal overload constraints.

Solution

♦ Actively manage new generator output against stability

and security constraints and schedule new controllable

demand to reduce renewables curtailment and enhance

system operation

♦ Distributed Energy Resources integrated include domestic

demand (2 MW of flexible electrical heat demand and 16

MWh of energy storage); several MW of new renewable

generation and battery energy storage.

Delivered Benefits

♦ 5 generators accepted ANM connections (8.5MW)

Population ~23,000

Demand 11 – 47 MW

Diesel generation at Lerwick Power Station

(50+ MW) but reaching end of life and requires

replacement

Energy supply and frequency response from

Sullom Voe Oil Terminal but mainly there to

serve local load and cannot be guaranteed in

the long term.

Platform and

application

components used

to deliver the

Shetland ANM

system

14

Shetland Isles

ANM Functions

♦ Forecasting of network constraints based on load and generation forecasts

♦ Calculation of day ahead schedules for all controlled devices with an objective of maximising renewable contribution

♦ Real time (second by second) balancing to calculate and issue override signals to respond to unforeseen events, changes in conditions and short term variations

♦ Management of system stability to identify configurations that may result in unacceptable oscillatory behaviour and set operating limits, including frequency response characteristics

Domestic

demand side

management

scheduling and

set up screen

Multiple system

constraints

managed

through ANM

Security and balancing in Microgrids What do we really mean by microgrids and what do they really contribute?

15

Microgrids in IEEE 1547.4

♦Microgrids contain generation and load

♦Ability to disconnect from and parallel with wider system

♦Different scales from customer to substation, local to wider area

♦ Intentionally planned

16

Applying ANM learning to Microgrids

ANM products and applications are suited to managing the interaction between multiple Microgrids and the network operator and energy supplier Provide visibility and control of individual/collective DER

Manage network constraints, voltage profiles and schedule devices

Local balancing of supply, demand and storage

Respond to system events and real-time conditions

Deliver “mission critical” coordinated control, fail safe functionality and redundancy of key elements in the end-to-end system

Manage the process of intentional islanding and also mitigate the risks of unintentional islanding and reconnection

Example Layout of ANM for Microgrids

18

Generator

Energy Storage System

Circuit Microgrid

Generator

Facility Microgrid

Energy Storage System

Substation Microgrid

Microgrid Controller

Microgrid Controller

Microgrid Controller

DMS

ANM Application

DERMS

Historical Database

Conclusions

♦ In the context of: ♦ Clear need for developments in transmission, larger scale generation,

system operation and markets ♦ Clear desire to harness the full range of Scotland’s energy resources

♦Tangible progress has been made on renewable integration challenges - especially in distribution systems

♦Parallel track on ‘Vision 2’ (decentralised model) gaining credence

♦DER management experience can be rolled into decentralised energy solutions with empowering flows of information to secure customer supplies

19

Who is Smarter Grid Solutions?

♦ Successful smart grids manage large volumes of fast-changing data. The traditional operator-in-the-loop approach won’t cut it anymore. To resolve the grid challenges of a low carbon world, we need real-time, autonomous, deterministic control technology. That’s why we exist.

♦ Founded in 2008

♦ 7,000 sqft HQ in Glasgow with development and test infrastructure

♦ Offices in New York and London

♦ Over 50 engineers dedicated to the development and deployment of Active Network Management

♦ Over 10 years in development in collaboration with utility customers and one of Europe’s leading power systems universities (University of Strathclyde)

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SGS Timeline R

esearc

h p

roje

ct

com

mences

Fie

ld trial of

auto

nom

ous

ge

ne

ratio

n c

on

tro

l

Com

pany f

ounded

UK

’s fir

st

fully

opera

tional

sm

art

grid –

Ork

ney R

PZ

Key r

ole

in D

G f

or

security

of

supply

, dem

an

d r

espon

se

and E

V inte

gra

tion

First

pro

ject in

main

land

Euro

pe

Blo

om

be

rg N

ew

Energ

y

Fin

ance P

ioneer,

secure

d

majo

r new

pro

jects

with U

K

Pow

er

Netw

ork

s a

nd S

SE

PD

and fir

st

manor

pro

ject

with

SP

Energ

y N

etw

ork

s

First

pro

jects

with W

este

rn

Pow

er

Dis

trib

ution a

nd

Nort

hern

Pow

erg

rid

First

pro

jects

with

Co

n

Edis

on, S

outh

ern

Com

pany

and N

ort

hern

Ire

land

Ele

ctr

icity.

Launch o

f N

YC

offic

e. F

irst

fram

ew

ork

contr

act

win

for

AN

M r

oll-

ou

t

with S

SE

PD

22

What do SGS do?

Products Consultancy, Analysis,

Tools and Training

Systems Integration and

Support

Active Network

Management software

• Strategic Consultancy

• Power systems analysis

• ANM system design

• Online capacity analysis

tool

• Desktop capacity analysis

tool

• ANM planning and

operational training

• Services to support the

deployment of Active

Network Management

• Ongoing support and

maintenance of

operational systems

Project Lifecycle

23

SGS ANM products to address DER integration challenges

Real power control for thermal

constraints

Real power control for upper

voltage limits

Demand Response and Peak

Reduction

Real and reactive power control and

AVC scheme coordination

Voltage limit (high and low) and

power flow constraints

Real power control for thermal or

voltage constraints

Real power control to maximise

connection

AN

M 1

00

AN

M 5

0

Co

nn

ect+

Aimed at GSP and 10’s or 100’s of

MWs of managed capacity

Aimed at primary substation and

10’s of MWs of capacity

Aimed at Grid Edge devices and

entry point to ANM