IP Multimedia SubsystemPart 7

Marek Średniawamareks@tele.pw.edu.pl

Institute of Telecommunications

Project is co-financed by European Union within the European Social FundEIMS -2017/2018

MMTel – Multimedia telephony

MMTel

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IMS MMTel

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MMTel as an alternative for Skype

• Chat: text message delivery

• Voice and video communications

• File (pictures, video clips, data files etc.) transfer

• Point to point and point to multi-point communications

• Dynamic session add-on and removal

• Presence-enabled address book

• Terminal capability adaptation

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MMTel Services

• Multimedia conversational communications between two or more users

– Real time bidirectional conversational transfer of speech, video or optionally other types of data

– Point to point communications between terminals or a terminal and a network entity

• Symmetrical or asymmetrical communications

– Media components present in each direction may be different, or they may be the same but with different bit rates and Quality of Service

– Can be started with only one type of media and additional types of media may or may not be added by the users as the communication progress.

– Media can be removed on request

– Communication persists as long as there is at least on connected media

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MMTel Services

• Support for supplementary services– The behaviour of these services is almost identical to supplementary

services for CS voice (TS 11) and PSTN/ISDN.

– When a supplementary service is invoked it applies to all media components

– supplementary service can be activated by the user for one or more types of media components.

– If one or more of these media components are present, the supplementary service is invoked.

• Universal availability & accessibility– Users are provided with the services regardless of operator and access

technology.

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Multimedia Telephony Service• Multiple Simultaneous Media Streams

– Voice– Text– Video– File Transfer– Video/Photo/Audio Sharing

• Multimedia analogs of traditional PSTN supplementary services– Originating Identification Presentation (OIP)– Originating Identification Restriction (OIR)– Terminating Identification Presentation (TIP)– Terminating Identification Restriction (TIR)– Malicious Communication IDentification (MCID)– Anonymous Communication Rejection (ACR)– Communication Diversion (CDIV)– Communication Waiting (CW) – Communication Hold (HOLD)– Communication Barring (CB)– Completion of Communications to Busy Subscriber (CCBS)– Message Waiting Indication (MWI)– Conference (CONF)– Advice Of Charge (AOC)– Explicit Communication Transfer (ECT)– Reverse charging – Closed User Group (CUG)– Three-Party (3PTY)

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MMTel

• Full duplex speech

• Real time video (simplex, full duplex), synchronized with speech if present

• Text communication

• File transfer

• Video clip sharing, picture sharing, audio clip sharing– Transferred files may be displayed/ replayed on receiving terminal for

specified file formats.

• PSTN/ISDN like supplementary services

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MMTel: support of SIP signalling

• Usage of additional SIP mechanisms

– IMS Communication Service Identification (ICSI)

– Telephony ApplicationServer (TAS)

• Routing with preference to user’s IMS terminals which support the IMSmultimedia telephony service

• Automatic routing to TAS (Telephony Application Server) of the user’s home network operator

– TAS implements supplementary services

• Specific charging model

• Mapping of additional capabilities of IMS multimedia telephony to the relating CS capabilities

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Selected MMTel supplementary services

• Communication Diversion services (CDIV)

• Message Waiting Indication (MWI)

• Communication Barring (CB)

• Communication Hold (HOLD)

• Explicit Communication Transfer (ECT)

• ….

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Configuration of supplementary services

• XCAP application– activation, dectivation, configuration

• Web site

• Number codes, eg.– *67* - call forwarding on busy

• Definition of settings (XML document - simservs)– ETSI TS 183 023 i 3GPP TS 24.623

– AUID (Application Unique ID) - simservs.ngn.etsi.org

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CDIV – Call Diversion

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MWI subscription

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NOTIFY (7)NOTIFY sip:[1080::8:800:200C:417A]:5059;comp=sigcomp SIP/2.0

Via: SIP/2.0/UDP mwi.home1.net;branch=z9hG4bK332b23.1

Max-Forwards: 70

Route: <sip:scscf1.home1.net;lr>, <sip:pcscf1.home1.net;lr>

From: <sip:user1@home1.net>;tag=31415

To: <sip:user1@home1.net>;tag=151170

Call-ID: b89rjhnedlrfjflslj40a222

CSeq: 43 NOTIFY

Subscription-State: active;expires=600000

Event: message-summary

Contact: <sip:mwi.home1.net>

Content-Type: application/simple-message-summary

Content-Length: 816

Messages-Waiting: yes

Message-Account: sip:user1@home1.net

Voice-Message: 4/1 (2/0)

Video-Message: 1/1 (0/0)

Fax-Message: 1/1 (0/1)

To: <user1_public1@home1.net>

From: <user2_public1@home1.net>

Subject: call me back!

Date: 19 Apr 2005 21:45:31 -0700

Priority: urgent

Message-ID: 27775334485@mwi.home1.net

Message-Context: voice-message

…… EIMS -2017/2018

OCB – outgoing call barring

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ICB – incoming call barring

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HOLD (music on hold)

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ECT(blind transfer)

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Rich Communication Suite• The Rich Communication Suite Initiative” - GSMA

– http://www.gsmworld.com/our-work/mobile_lifestyle/rcs/

– Interoperability of IMS based services• Operators: Telecom Italia, Orange, Telefonica, TeliaSonera, AT&T, NTT DoCoMo, Telenor, Telstra, SFR,

SK Telecom, …

• Vendors: Nokia Siemens Networks, Samsung, Sony-Ericsson, Alcatel-Lucent, Motorola, LG, …

• Rich Communication Suite – Releases 1, 2, 3 …– Rich Calls: calls featuring media sharing

– Enhanced phone book – using rich presence

– Enhanced messaging – conversational IM

Source: GSMAEIMS -2017/2018

Orange Labs Telco 2.0 University Program

• Available APIs (Web Services):• SMS API

• MMS API

• Terminal Status

• Terminal Location

• USSD API

• Get Time

– All APIs:

Details: http://www.tu.rd.tp.pl/portal/

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RCS-e- joyn

• 1-1 and group Chat

• File sharing (JPG, AVI, MP3, PDF, DOC, XLS, ZIP …

• High quality video enhanced voice calls

• Real time information on available service capabilities of the communicating party

• Preconfigured joyn services

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Joyn - contact, chat and file sharing

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video:

http://www.joynus.com/contacts

http://www.joynus.com/features/chat/

joyn: video sharing during a call

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video:http://www.joynus.com/features/video-share/

Deployment of RCS joyn

• Vodafone– Spain, Germany, Albania, UK, Portugal

• Orange– France, Spain

• T-Mobile– Germany, USA

• Sprint, AT&T– USA

• Movistar– Spain

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IMS as a basis for NGN VNE

• Separation of– signaling from transport

– services from signaling

• NGN VNE can host IMS and provide access for operators(fixed and mobile)

• Potential VNO models:– Model 1: HSS + SIP AS + application infrastructure

– Model 2: Model 1 + I-CSCF + S-CSCF

– Model 3: Model 2 + P-CSCF

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Beyond IMS …

3GPP: Evolution of UMTS

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Evolution of 3GPP access networkstandards

EDGE EDGE+

W-CDMA HSPA HSPA+

2000

LTE LTE-Advanced

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2010

384Kb/s 1Mb/s

384Kb/s 42Mb/s18Mb/s

100Mb/s 1000Mb/s

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From WCDMA and HSPA to LTE

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WCDMAUMTS

HSDPA HSUPA

HSPA+ LTE

Max. Downlinkspeed

384 kbit/s 14 Mbit/s 28 Mbit/s 100 Mbit/s

Max. Uplink speed 128 kbit/s 5,7 Mbit/s 11 Mbit/s 50 Mbit/s

Latency RTT ~150 ms ~100 ms ~50 ms ~10 ms

Access technology CDMA CDMA CDMA OFDMA / SC-FDMA

UMTS release Rel.99/4 Rel. 5/6 Rel.7 Rel.8

Initial roll out 2003/4 2005/6 HSDPA2007/8 HSUPA

2008/9 2009/10

UMTS Evolution

• Radio Interfaces– Higher Data Throughput– Lower Latency– More Spectrum Flexibility– Improved CAPEX and OPEX

• IP Core Network– Support of non-3GPP Accesses– Packet Only Support– Improved Security– Greater Device Diversity

• Service Layer– More IMS Applications (MBMS, PSS, mobile TV now IMS enabled)– Greater session continuity

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3GPP UMTS R8 delivers

• Significantly increased data throughput– Downlink target 3-4 times greater than HSDPA Release 6– Uplink target 2-3 times greater than HSUPA Release 6

• Increased cell edge bit rates– Downlink: 70% of the values at 5% of the Cumulative Distribution Function (CDF)– Uplink: same values at 5% of the Cumulative Distribution Function (CDF)

• Significantly reduced latency• High mobility

– Cell ranges up to 5 km; with best throughput, spectrum efficiency and mobility. – Cell ranges up to 30 km; Mobility with some degradation in throughput and

spectrum efficiency permitted. – Cell ranges up to 100 km; Supported; degradations accepted

• Reduced CAPEX and OPEX

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What does Release 9 add to LTE?

• Continuing femtocell integration

• Added functionality, broadens LTE deployment scenarios

• Feeding back results from first LTE deployments

• Also, advancing non-LTE technologies

3333

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LTE-Advanced (R10)

• Smooth transition from 3G to 4G

• LTE-Advanced to be the main feature of 3GPP UMTS Release 10

LTE LTE-Advanced

3G 4G

You are here

3434

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What LTE-Advanced delivers?

• Support for wider Bandwidth (Up to 100MHz)

• Downlink transmission scheme– Improvements to LTE by using 8x8

MIMO

– Data rates of 100Mb/s with high mobility and 1Gb/s with low mobility

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Up link transmission scheme

• Improvements to LTE

• Data rates up to 500Mb/s

Relay functionality

• Improving cell edge coverage

• More efficient coverage in rural

areas

CoMP (coordinated multiple point

transmission and reception)• Downlink coordinated multi-point

transmission

• Uplink coordinated multi-point reception

Local IP Access (LIPA) & Enhanced

HNB to allow traffic off-load

LTE LTE-Advanced

3G 4G

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Evolution to a flat LTE network

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EPC (Evolved Packet Core)new core network for LTE

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Source: Alcatel-Lucent

All IP network for LTE

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Source: Alcatel-Lucent

EPC architecture – 3GPP Release 8

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SGi

PCRF

Gx

HSS

S2b

SWn

Ope rator's IP Services

(e.g. IMS, PSS etc.)

SWm

SWx

Untrusted Non - 3GPP IP

Access SWa

HPLMN

Non - 3GPP Networks

S6b

Rx

PDN Gateway

ePDG 3GPP AAA Server

Gxb

S2a

Gxa

Trusted Non - 3GPP IP

Access STa

Gxc

S5

S6a

3GPP Access

Serving Gateway

UE

SWu

EPC architecture

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Evolved Packet Core (EPC)

• Multi-access core network based on theInternet Protocol (IP) as one commonpacket core network for both

– Trusted networks including• 3GPP Access (LTE-E-UTRAN, UMTS-UTRAN, GPRS-

GERAN)• Non 3GPP Access (WIMAX, CDMA2000/HRPD)

– Untrusted networks including• Non-3GPP Access (WLAN)

• EPC provides connection to IP service domains

– IMS– Internet (or others, e.g. P2P etc.)

• Important EPC functions include:– NAS and security (AAA)– mobility and connectivity management– policy QoS control and charging (PCC)

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IMS Internet

3GPPaccess

non-3GPP access

EPC

Trusted Trusted/ untrusted

NFV – Network FunctionVirtualization

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A means to make the network more flexible and simple by

minimising dependence on HW constraints

v

Network Functions are SW-based over well-known HW

Multiple roles over same HW

ORCHESTRATION, AUTOMATION

& REMOTE INSTALL

DPIBRAS

GGSN/

SGSN

Firewall

CG-NAT

PE Router

VIRTUAL

APPLIANCES

STANDARD

HIGH VOLUME

SERVERS

Virtualised Network Model: VIRTUAL APPLIANCE APPROACHv

Network Functions are based on specific HW&SW

One physical node per role

DPI

BRASGGSN/SGSN

Session Border

ControllerFirewall CG-NAT

PE Router

Traditional Network Model: APPLIANCE APPROACH

The NFV Concept

Source: Adapted from D. Lopez Telefonica I+D, NFV

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BRAS

FirewallDPI

CDN

Tester/QoE

monitor

WAN

AccelerationMessage

Router

Radio Access

Network Nodes

Carrier

Grade NAT

Session Border

Controller

Network Virtualisation Approach

PE RouterSGSN/GGSN

Independent Software Vendors

Standard High Volume

Ethernet Switches

Standard High Volume Storage

Standard High Volume Servers

Orchestrated,

automatic &

remote install.

• Fragmented non-commodity hardware.• Physical install per appliance per site.• Hardware development large barrier to entry for new

vendors, constraining innovation & competition.

Classical Network Appliance Approach

Target

Source: NFV

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Network Functions Virtualization• Network Functions Virtualization is about

implementing network functions in software - that today run on proprietary hardware - leveraging (high volume) standard servers and IT virtualization

• Supports multi-versioning and multi-tenancy of network functions, which allows use of a single physical platform for different applications, users and tenants

• Enables new ways to implement resilience, service assurance, test and diagnostics and security surveillance

Source: Adapted from D. Lopez Telefonica I+D, NFV

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Network Functions Virtualization

• Provides opportunities for pure software players• Facilitates innovation towards new network functions

and services that are only practical in a pure softwarenetwork environment

• Applicable to any data plane packet processing and control plane functions, in fixed or mobile networks

• NFV will only scale if management and configuration of functions can be automated

• NFV aims to ultimately transform the way network operators architect and operate their networks, but change can be incremental

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Benefits & Promises of NFV

• Reduced equipment costs (CAPEX)– through consolidating equipment and economies of scale of IT industry.

• Increased speed of time to market– by minimising the typical network operator cycle of innovation.

• Availability of network appliance multi-version and multi-tenancy,

– allows a single platform for different applications, users and tenants.

• Enables a variety of eco-systems and encourages openness.

• Encouraging innovation to bring new services and generate newrevenue streams.

Source: NFVEIMS -2017/2018

Benefits & Promises of NFV• Flexibility to easily, rapidly, dynamically provision and

instantiate new services in various locations

• Improved operational efficiency• by taking advantage of the higher uniformity of the physical network

platform and its homogeneity to other support platforms.

• Software-oriented innovation to rapidly prototype and test new services and generate new revenue streams

• More service differentiation & customization

• Reduced (OPEX) operational costs: reduced power, reduced space, improved network monitoring

• IT-oriented skillset and talent

Source: Adapted from D. Lopez Telefonica I+D, NFV

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ETSI – NFV Architecture (2012)

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NFV layers

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NFV Infrastructure

End Point

End Point

E2E Network Service

Compute Storage NetworkHW Resources

Virtualization LayerVirtualization SW

Virtual Compute

Virtual Storage

Virtual Network

Virtual Resources

Logical Abstractions

Network Service

VNF VNF VNF

VNF VNF

Logical Links

VNF Instances

VNF VNF VNFSW Instances

VNF : Virtualized Network Function

VNF

Mobile Core Network and IMS• Mobile networks are populated with a large

variety of proprietary hardware appliances

• Flexible allocation of Network Functions on such hardware resource pool could highly improve network usage efficiency

• Accommodate increased demand for particular services (e.g. voice) without fully relying on the call restriction control mechanisms in a large-scale natural disaster scenario such as the Great East Japan Earthquake

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NFV components

• Network Function (NF)– Functional component with a precisely defined interfaces and

operation

• Virtualized Network Function (VNF)– Software implementation of a NF which can be deployed in a

virtualized infrastructure

• VNF Set– Connection between VNF, np. access gateway

• VNF Forwarding Graph– Arrangement of services when order of network connections matters

e.g. firewall, control of load balancing, NAT

• NFV Infrastructure (NFVI)– Hardware and software needed to deploy, manage and operate VNF

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NFV: general use cases

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Use Case Description

1. NFV IaaSInfrastructure as a Service

Computing, Storage and Network as a Service for end users

2. NFV SaaSVirtual Network Function as a Service

Software as a Service for end users

3. NFV PaaSVirtual Network Platform as a Services

Platform as a Service for end users

4. Virtual Network Forwarding NFV internetworking: defining the logical connectivity paths between virtual appliances

5. Virtualization of Mobile Core and IMS

Virtualization of Evolved Packet Core and IMS elements: MME, Gateways, CSCF, HSS

6. Virtualization of MobileBase Station

Baseband radio processing using IT virtualization techniques for signal processing capacity aggregation and centralization

7. Virtualization of Home Environment

Replacing customer premise residential gateway and set-top boxes with virtual services in the network

8. Virtualization of CDNs Running content delivery network nodes as virtual appliances on operator infrastructure

9. Fixed Access Network Functions Virtualization

Applying virtualization to reduce the complexity of access nodes, links and network services

Function virtualization in mobile networks

• Switches – MSC , Open vSwitch• Routers• Home Location Register (HLR)• Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN),• Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN),• Combined GPRS Support Node (CGSN),• Radio Network Controller (RNC),• Serving Gateway (SGW),• Packet Data Network Gateway (PGW),• Residential Gateway (RGW),• Broadband Remote Access Server (BRAS),• Carrier Grade Network Address Translator (CGNAT),• Deep Packet Inspection (DPI),• Provider Edge (PE) Router,• Mobility Management Entity (MME),• Element Management System (EMS)

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ETSI NFV ISG PoC Forum (Proof of Concept)

• Virtual Broadband Remote Access Server (BRAS) – British Telecom

• Virtual IP Multimedia System (IMS) - Deutsche Telekom

• Virtual Evolved Packet Core (vEPC) - Orange Silicon Valley

• Carrier-Grade Network Address Translator (CGNAT) DeepPacket Inspection (DPI), Home Gateway - Telefonica

• Perimeta Session Border Controller (SBC) - Metaswitch

• Deep packet inspection - Procera

Cloud Computing using e.g. OpenStack

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V-EPC

• Examples of Network Functions include MME, S/P-GW, etc.

• This use case aims at applying virtualization to the EPC, the IMS, and these other Network Functions mentioned above

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Virtualization of Mobile Base Station

• Mobile network traffic is significantly increasing by the demand generated by application of mobile devices, while the ARPU (revenue) is difficult to increase

• LTE is also considered as radio access part of EPS (Evolved Packet System) which is required to fullfill the requirements of high spectral efficiency, high peak data rates, short round trip time and frequency flexibility in Radio Access Network (RAN)

• Virtualisation of a mobile base station leverages IT virtualisation technology to realize at least a part of RAN nodes onto standard IT servers, storages and switches

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Virtualization of Mobile Base Station

LTE RAN architecture evolution by centralized BBU pool (Telecom Baseband Unit)

Functional blocks in C-RAN

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Ongoing Proof of Concepts• CloudNFV Open NFV Framework Project

– Telefonica - Sprint - 6WIND - Dell - EnterpriseWeb –Mellanox - Metaswitch - Overture Networks - Qosmos -Huawei - Shenick

• Service Chaining for NW Function Selection in Carrier Networks

– NTT - Cisco - HP - Juniper Networks

• Virtual Function State Migration and Interoperability

– AT&T - BT - Broadcom Corporation - Tieto Corporation

• Multi-vendor Distributed NFV

– CenturyLink - Certes - Cyan - Fortinet - RAD

• E2E vEPC Orchestration in a multi-vendor open NFVI environment

– Telefonica - Sprint - Intel - Cyan - Red Hat - Dell -Connectem

• Virtualised Mobile Network with Integrated DPI

– Telefonica - Intel - Tieto - Qosmos - Wind River Systems -Hewlett Packard

• C-RAN virtualisation with dedicated hardware accelerator

– China Mobile - Alcatel-Lucent - Wind River Systems - Intel

• Automated Network Orchestration

– Deutsche Telekom - Ericsson - x-ion GmbH -Deutsche Telekom Innovation Laboratories

• VNF Router Performance with DDoS Functionality

– AT&T - Telefonica - Brocade - Intel - Spirent

• NFV Ecosystem

– Telecom Italia - DigitalWave - SunTec - Svarog Technology Group - Telchemy - EANTC

• Multi-Vendor on-boarding of vIMS on a cloud management framework

– Deutsche Telekom - Huawei Technologies -Alcatel-Lucent

• Demonstration of multi-location, scalable, stateful Virtual Network Function

– NTT - Fujitsu - Alcatel-LucentEIMS -2017/2018

NFV-based architecture virtualized-IMS (vIMS)

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NFV-based architecture merge-IMS

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Mobile Cloud Networking Architecture

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Architecture model for IMSaaS

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Cloud based open source implementation of IMS

EIMS -2017/2018http://www.projectclearwater.org/

EIMS

Project is co-financed by European Union within European Social FundEIMS -2017/2018