IP, 4K/UHD & HDRtest & measurement challenges explained

Phillip Adams, Managing Director

So what are the big challenges facing the industry?

HD → UHD Higher bandwidths for

immersive 4K/UHD

HDR/WCG gaining momentumuptake by HD + UHD broadcasters

SMPTE ST 2022-6 | SMPTE ST 2110

IP fast gaining maturityGreater scalability, more flexible business models

IPSMPTE ST 2022-6SMPTE ST 2110

4K/UHD-SDI12G/6G/3G

HDR / WCG12G/6G/3G/HD

New, smarter test & measurement toolsIt’s a Hybrid World!

HD → UHD (12G-SDI) transition

Monitoring & compliance challenges

What’s to be covered

o What’s driving UHD?

o What’s happening with the key IP standards?

o Key compliance & signal quality challenges?

o What’s needed for test & measurement?

Drivers behind UHDo Demand for more engaging

content to differentiate serviceso Rising consumer expectationso New & ubiquitous UHD TVso Government promotion in Asiao Industry pushes like ATSC 3.0o 12G-SDI enables UHD within

traditional broadcast architecture

Premier content like sports and movies leading roll out

UHD the challenges

• Proliferation of new standards & formats

• Managing UHD payloads – 12G SDI,

multiple links

• Maintaining UHD signal integrity –

complex & unforgiving

Proliferation of UHD standardsVideo Standards

• ST2036-1:2014 UHDTV – Image Parameter Values for Program Production• ST2036-2:2008 UHDTV – Audio Characteristics and Audio Channel Mapping for Program Production• ST2048-1:2011 Digital Cinematography Production Image Formats• ST424:2012 3 Gb/s Signal/Data Serial Interface• ST425-1:2014 Source Image Format and Ancillary Data Mapping for 3Gbps SDI• ST425-3:2014 Source Image Format and Ancillary Data Mapping for Dual link 3Gbps SDI• ST425-5:2014 Source Image Format and Ancillary Data Mapping for Quad link 3Gbps SDI• ST2081-1:2015 6 Gb/s Signal/Data Serial Interface – Electrical• ST2081-10:2015 2160-Line and 1080-Line Source Image and Ancillary Data Mapping for Single-Link 6G-SDI• ST2081-11:2016 2160-line Source Image and Ancillary Data Mapping for Dual link 6G-SDI• ST2081-12:2016 4320-line and 2160-line Source Image and Ancillary Data Mapping for Quad-link 6G-SDI• ST2082-1:2015 12 Gb/s Signal/Data Serial Interface — Electrical• ST2082-10:2015 2160-line Source Image and Ancillary Data Mapping for 12G-SDI• ST2082-11:2016 4320-line and 2160-line Source Image and Ancillary Data Mapping for Dual-link 12G-SDI• ST2082-12:2016 4320-line and 2160-line Source Image and Ancillary Data Mapping for Quad-link 12G-SDI• ITU-R BT.2077-0 Part 3 (Real-time SDI for UHDTV signals)

… and more standards

Audio Standards• ST272M:2004 SD-SDI 16 channel audio• ST299-1:2009 HD-SDI 16 channel audio• ST299-2:2010 HD-SDI 16 additional channels for 3G SDI (ST 425 Level A)

HDR Standards• ARIB STD-B67 Hybrid Log Gamma (BBC/NHK)• ST2084:2014 High Dynamic Range Electro-Optical Transfer Function of Mastering

Reference Displays (Dolby)• S-Log3 (Sony)

ITU standards• ITU-R BT.601 (Parameter values for SDTV systems)• ITU-R BT.709 (Parameter values for HDTV systems)• ITU-R BT.2020-1 (Parameter values for UHDTV systems)

Pixels Lines Frames 10b 4:2:2/4:2:0(Gbps)

10b 4:4:4(:4) (Gbps)

12b 4:4:4 (Gbps)

12b 4:2:2(:4) (Gbps)

7680 4320 120/119.88 80 160 160 160

7680 4320 100 67 133 133 133

7680 4320 60/59.94 40 80 80 80

7680 4320 50 34 67 67 67

7680 4320 30/29.97 20 40 40 40

7680 4320 25 17 34 34 34

7680 4320 24/23.98 16 32 32 32

3840 2160 120/119.88 20 40 40 40

3840 2160 100 17 34 34 34

3840 2160 60/59.94 10 20 20 20

3840 2160 50 9 17 17 17

3840 2160 30/29.97 5 10 10 10

3840 2160 25 5 9 9 9

3840 2160 24/23.98 4 8 8 8

UHD

TV1/

4KU

HDTV

2/8K

UHD payloads explained

Pixels Lines Frames 10b 4:2:2/4:2:0(Gbps)

10b 4:4:4(:4) (Gbps)

12b 4:4:4 (Gbps)

12b 4:2:2(:4) (Gbps)

7680 4320 120/119.88 80 [8] 160 [16] 160 [16] 160 [16]

7680 4320 100 67 [8] 133 [16] 133 [16] 133 [16]

7680 4320 60/59.94 40 [4] 80 [8] 80 [8] 80 [8]

7680 4320 50 34 [4] 67 [8] 67 [8] 67 [8]

7680 4320 30/29.97 20 [2] 40 [4] 40 [4] 40 [4]

7680 4320 25 17 [2] 34 [4] 34 [4] 34 [4]

7680 4320 24/23.98 16 [2] 32 [4] 32 [4] 32 [4]

3840 2160 120/119.88 20 [2] 40 [4] 40 [4] 40 [4]

3840 2160 100 17 [2] 34 [4] 34 [4] 34 [4]

3840 2160 60/59.94 10 [1] 20 [2] 20 [2] 20 [2]

3840 2160 50 9 [1] 17 [2] 17 [2] 17 [2]

3840 2160 30/29.97 5 [1] 10 [1] 10 [1] 10 [1]

3840 2160 25 5 [1] 9 [1] 9 [1] 9 [1]

3840 2160 24/23.98 4 [1] 8 [1] 8 [1] 8 [1]

UHD

TV1/

4KU

HDTV

2/8K

Table Entries: Mapped Video Payload in Gbps [number of 12Gbps links required]

UHD payloads explained

Pixels Lines Frames 10b 4:2:2/4:2:0(Gbps)

10b 4:4:4(:4) (Gbps)

12b 4:4:4 (Gbps)

12b 4:2:2(:4) (Gbps)

7680 4320 120/119.88 80 [8] 160 [16] 160 [16] 160 [16]

7680 4320 100 67 [8] 133 [16] 133 [16] 133 [16]

7680 4320 60/59.94 40 [4] 80 [8] 80 [8] 80 [8]

7680 4320 50 34 [4] 67 [8] 67 [8] 67 [8]

7680 4320 30/29.97 20 [2] 40 [4] 40 [4] 40 [4]

7680 4320 25 17 [2] 34 [4] 34 [4] 34 [4]

7680 4320 24/23.98 16 [2] 32 [4] 32 [4] 32 [4]

3840 2160 120/119.88 20 [2] 40 [4] 40 [4] 40 [4]

3840 2160 100 17 [2] 34 [4] 34 [4] 34 [4]

3840 2160 60/59.94 10 [1] 20 [2] 20 [2] 20 [2]

3840 2160 50 9 [1] 17 [2] 17 [2] 17 [2]

3840 2160 30/29.97 5 [1] 10 [1] 10 [1] 10 [1]

3840 2160 25 5 [1] 9 [1] 9 [1] 9 [1]

3840 2160 24/23.98 4 [1] 8 [1] 8 [1] 8 [1]

UHD

TV1/

4KU

HDTV

2/8K

48G payload (4x 12G-SDI)

24G payload (2x 12G-SDI)

12G payload (1x 12G-SDI)

6G payload (1x 6G-SDI)

Table Entries: Mapped Video Payload in Gbps [number of 12Gbps links required]

UHD payloads explained

SMPTE: Maintaining UHD signal integrityData Rate 1.485 Gbps 2.97 Gbps 5.94 Gbps 11.88 GbpsStandard SMPTE ST292-1:2012 SMPTE ST424:2012 SMPTE ST2081-1:2015 SMPTE ST2082-1:2015

Coding Scrambled NRZI Scrambled NRZI Scrambled NRZI Scrambled NRZI

Amplitude 800 mV +/- 10% 800 mV +/- 10% 800 mV +/- 10% 800 mV +/- 10%

DC Offset 0.0 V +/- 0.5 V 0.0 V +/- 0.5 V 0.0 V +/- 0.5 V 0.0 V +/- 0.5 V

Rise / Fall time < 270 ps < 135 ps < 80 ps < 45 ps

Rise / Fall time difference < 100 ps < 50 ps < 35 ps < 18 ps

Over/Under-shoot <10% of the amplitude <10% of the amplitude <10% of the amplitude <10% of the amplitude

Timing Jitter(colour bar test signal)

< 1 UI(10 Hz to 148.5 MHz)

< 2 UI(10 Hz to 297 MHz)

< 4 UI(10 Hz to 594 MHz)

< 8UI(10 Hz to 1188 MHz)

Alignment Jitter(colour bar test signal)

< 0.2 UI(100 kHz to 148.5 MHz)

< 0.3 UI < 0.2 UI recommended(100 kHz to 297 MHz)

< 0.3 UI < 0.2 UI recommended(100 kHz to 594 MHz)

< 0.3 UI< 0.2 UI recommended(100 kHz to 1188 MHz)

Coaxial cable length(Belden 1694A)

200 m 200 m 100 m 70 m

Coaxial cable length(Canare L-5.5CUHD)

100 m

Belden 1694A• Designed for 3G-SDI• Works with 12G-SDI to 70m on the

present chipsets• 100m on next generation chipsets

Canare L-5.5CUHD• Designed for 12G-SDI• Works with 12G-SDI to 100m on the

present chipsets• 125m on next generation chipsets

Maintaining UHD signal integrity: cables

UHD (12G-SDI)Adapting test & measurement tools for UHD (12G-SDI)

New test & measurement tools for UHD (12G-SDI)

• Stress testing systems with Pathological signals

• Physical layer testing with Eye & Jitter

Physical layer testing is especially important with 12G-SDI in view of the greater cablelength sensitivity & unforgiving nature of UHD

“”

Eye & Jitter testing for UHD (12G-SDI)

Real time, multi rate eye RTETM, 12G, 6G, 3G, HD-SDI>30GHz analogue bandwidth (5x 6GHz fundamental)

SMPTE compliance measurements:

• Eye Amplitude• DC offset• Overshoot/Undershoot• Rise Time/Fall Time• Timing/Alignment Jitter• H and V Histograms

Instant, accurate readings

RTETM 12G Eye & Jitter analysis for UHD

Jitter analysis for UHD (12G-SDI)

• Monitor Jitter in 5 specified frequency bands

• Filter frequencies simultaneously• High frequencies most important• This isn’t the whole story, check

eye pattern for higher frequency jitter – above 20MHz

SMPTE RP184-2015: Specification of Jitter in Bit-Serial Digital SystemsSMPTE RP192-2015: Jitter Measurement Procedures In Bit-Serial Digital Interfaces

Jitter measurements – beware!

Be aware of instrument noise floors, filter pass band & cut-off rates, upper measurement limits, measurement algorithms & calibration

Measurements taken from different instruments will be different

SMPTE RP 198-1998Pathological signals are recommended by SMPTE for use with SD, HD & 3G standards only

Not yet approved by SMPTE for 6G or 12G-SDI

… may take a few more years for approval!

Pathological signals for UHD (6G and 12G-SDI)Established method adopted for the stress testing of SDI interfaces

New pathological tools for Qx

With pathological patterns, the pathological signal only occurs statistically every 512 lines!

A new tool will provide feedback of pathological conditions on the interface with GPI trigger output

Checkfield, PLL and EQ testing

Pathological Checkfield Overlay developed by PHABRIX with major SDI chip manufacturer co-operation

Used to verify how sensitive the SDI link is to pathological conditions on the interface

Pathological signals for UHD – PHABRIX solution

Questions?