IoT LowPAN Networkssummit.riot-os.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/2-Communication-Session... ·...
Transcript of IoT LowPAN Networkssummit.riot-os.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/2-Communication-Session... ·...
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IoT LowPAN Networks- Mesh or not to mesh!
Ioannis GlaropoulosKrishna Shingala
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2RIOT Summit 2016
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3RIOT Summit 2016
RequirementsMetric Range Level
Response < 1 second Shall
Range Up to 25m Shall
Throughput 4 bytes per second Shall
Secure - Shall
Interoperable - Should
Robust - Should
Scalable - Should
Density 4 nodes/ sqm Should
Battery life At least 1 year Should
Ease of use - Should
Firmware Upgrade - Should
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4RIOT Summit 2016
Mesh: A necessity
Physical system limitations
Wide network area
Transmission power
Receiver sensitivity
Link quality
Cross-network interfernce Attenuation
Battery-operated devices
Consumption reduction
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Mesh: Let’s go multi-hop Ongoing research for two decades
1000+ research papers (ACM DL, IEEExplore, Elsevier, Springer)
PHY, LL, Routing and cross-layer optimizations
Standardization approaches AODV networks (2002 -) RPL networks (2005 - ) Thread (2015 - ) BLE Mesh ....
(Open-source) mesh stacks Tiny OS RIOT Contiki-OS Mbed ...
5RIOT Summit 2016
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Mesh: An IoT designer’s choice Strong requirement for connectivity
Node mobility
Cost reduction
No back-bone network
Fewer gateways
Security aspects
E.g. No sigle-point of failure
Network performance?
6RIOT Summit 2016
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Mesh: Winning aspects
High one-hop bandwidth Spectrum re-usability
Lower interference, higher packet rates
Efficient medium access control
Scalability
Efficient network layer Lower neighbor degree
Low signalling overhead (neighbor routines, routing maintentance etc.)
Self-organization, self-healing
Scalability
Node density
High traffic bursts
7RIOT Summit 2016
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8RIOT Summit 2016
User Story
I want a smart lighting at home -25 lights, 4 controllers.
I want to control the system from work.
One command, and all lights off!
Controllers are mobile, battery powered; batteries should last a year at least..!
System should work always, just the same.
Engineer’s Thoughts
That’s a mesh, finally!
That’s a mesh with a border router.
Of course, multicast in mesh.
Sleepy end nodes, why not!
RTFM! Right setup, expected behavior!
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Why not star?
Requires Longer range Good scheduling Some Innovation
Benefits Lower complexity Lower cost Interoperable Ease of Use Better battery life..(?)
9RIOT Summit 2016
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The Star: Not Omnipotent!
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RIOT Summit 2016
The multicast problem.
Single point of failure.
Fading.
Limits bandwidth or increases power.
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Lets Keep it Simple!
11RIOT Summit 2016
Complexity
Pop
ula
rity
Engineers
Users
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Open Discussion
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13RIOT Summit 2016
Range calculation
Assume size of home to be 200 sqm – lets fix the dimensions to be 20x10.
Therefore distance between farthest nodes is ~ 22.36 meters.
Assuming a start topology, with the router placed at the center, the needed range is ~11 meters. 1
0 m
20 m
102 + 202 = 22.362
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14RIOT Summit 2016
Volume calculation
Lights per sqm = Lumen recommended per sqm/ Lumen provided by each light. Here, 150 lumen recommended per sqm.
A 4W LED provides ~50 lumen.
Therefore, 3 LEDs per sqm.
Light nodes for 200 sqm = 200 * 3 = 600 LED nodes.
Controllers needed for the area assuming each controller controls 4 LEDs = 600/4 = 150 controllers.
Therefore, (LEDs + controllers) in a 200 sqm area = (600 + 150) = 750 nodes.
Assuming other environmental sensors may be used, ~800 nodes in a 200 sqm area may be realistic. This means about 4 nodes IoT nodes per sqm.
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15RIOT Summit 2016
Hop count calculation
Assuming each node is the mesh network is configured for a range of ~1 m, number of nodes between two farthest nodes is (~ 2 * distance - 2) = 2 * 23 -2 = ~44 nodes.
Therefore the minimum number of hops between the two farthest nodes is ~ 44 nodes.
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16RIOT Summit 2016