IOT: IMPACT OF THE PHYSICAL WEB AND...
Transcript of IOT: IMPACT OF THE PHYSICAL WEB AND...
IOT: IMPACT OF THE PHYSICAL WEB AND
BEACONS Dr.DebasisBha,acharya,MarioCanul,SaxonKnight
ICSFaculty•UniversityofHawaiʻ[email protected]•(808)984-3619
maui.hawaii.edu/cybersecurity
Partial support for this work was provided by the National Science Foundation’s Scholarship for Service (SFS) program under Award No. 1437514. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. University of Hawaii Maui College is an equal opportunity/affirmative action institution.
The “Internet of Things” is exploding. It’s made up of billions of “smart” devices – from miniscule chips to mammoth machines – that use wireless technology to talk to each other (and to us). Our IoT world is growing at a breathtaking pace – from 2 billion objects in 2006 to a projected 200 billion by 2020.
The Physical Web
• EverydayobjectswithabilitytointeractwiththeInternet,mobiledevices– SmartTVs,Refrigerators,Microwavesetc.– ProvidesinformaXon,statusetc.
• BluetoothLowEnergy(BLE)– NewprotocoltotransmitinformaXon– Lowpower,shortdistance
• Beacons!– ManyVendors:EsXmote,RadiusNetworks,BKON
What is a Beacon?!
• Smalltransmi,erdevice– Soldbymanysmall/largecompanies– UsesBluetoothLowEnergy(BLE)– Usesba,eries(cell,AAAetc.)– Longba,erylife(years)– Pricerangesfrom$10-$30– AdverXsesitselfonaregularbasis– Recognizedbymobilephoneapps– Transmitswhenareceiverisclose(proximity)– Smallsizedatatransfers– UniqueBeaconID,canbemanagedremotely
How does it work?
• Apple–iBeaconProtocol– OriginaliBeaconprotocol– TransmitsBeaconUIDandShortText
• Google–EddystoneProtocol– UID–UniqueID+Text– URL–UniqueID+URL+Text– TLM–TelemetryData,formanagement– EID–EphemeralID,secureaccess(new!)
• Smartphone–iOSandAndroid
So, how does it work?
• BeaconAdverXsement– RegulartransmissionsofUIDetc.
• ReceiverinProximity(Range)– Typicallyasmartphonewithapp– Manyvendorshavebeaconapps– GooglePlay:ThePhysicalWeb– iTunes:ThePhysicalWeb
• BeaconTransmitsData– Ex.EddystoneURLresolvesURLonmobileapp
OK, so what?
• Beaconsprovideproximityinfo– BeaconsarenotconnectedtotheInternet– Theyprovide”nearby”informaXon– Receiverdoes[will]notneedanyapp
• GoogleinintegraXngbeaconinfoinAndroid• SomewhatsimilartosearchingforWi-Fi
– Beaconscanbeassociatedwithobjects– Or,locaXons,people,animalsetc.etc.– Beacons=Physicalthings+Web
Issues and Concerns
• RemoteManagement– LocaXonsneedtobemapped
• SomewhatsimilartodeploymentofWAPs
– Needtobemanaged• Weather,ba,erylife,status
– Transmi,alURLinformaXon• Needstobecurrentandupdated
• Costs– $10-$30perbeaconcangetexpensive– TimeandcostforITtomanagebeaconsandcontent
More Issues and Concerns
• CurrentStateofBeaconSecurity– Nothing!
• UnauthorizedTracking– AnyreceivercantrackabeaconUIDandLocaXon
• Forgery– AdversarycanforgetheadverXsementUID
• Showrooming– AdversarycaninsertcompeXnginfoinbeacondata
Security Mitigation
• Google’snewEddystoneEphemeralID– Everybeaconhasaprivatesymmetrickey
• Knownonlytotheownerofthebeacon– UniqueBeaconEphemeralID(EID)
• Symmetrickey+pseudo-randomfuncXonofBeaconclock
– UniqueBeaconEIDneedsregistraXon• GlobalonlinetrustedresolverofBeaconIDs• Sharingpermissionpolicyallowsothertoconnect
– ReceiversecurelyconnectstoaBeaconwhen…• SmartphonereceivesBeaconEID• SendsEIDtothecloud/globalresolverservice• Cloud/globalservicematchesEIDwithregisteredkeys
Beacons on College Campus
• Guidedtourofcampus– Eachmajorobjectoncampushasabeacon!
• Classroom– Classroombeaconprovidescurrentstatus,schedule
• Cafeteria– Dailyhours,specials,prices,otherinfo.
• Stadium– Currentscores,XcketinformaXon,eventsetc.
• FacultyOffice– Officehours,appointmentscheduleetc.
Case Studies
Case Studies
• Retail– BeaconsidenXfyvariousstorelocaXons
• Ascustomersapproach,providesinfo,salesetc.
• Hospitals/Hotels– BeaconscanidenXfyapaXent/guest,locaXoninfo.
• AnyPhysicalLocaXonofInterest– Museum,ConvenXons,Stadiums,TouristLocaXon
• EducaXon– BeaconscanidenXfyclassroominfo,cafeteriaetc.
Case Study: Tracking Luggage
http://accent-systems.com/blog/accent-systems-eddystone-eid-case-study-trackgo-samsonite/
Conclusion
• CurrentWeb– Cloudbased– URLdescribescontentincloud
• Relatedtopeople,places,thingsetc.
• PhysicalWeb– Proximitycontent,nearmicrolocaXon– Contextisaphysicalobjectand/orlocaXon– Doesnotrequireanyappordownloads– IoT:BeaconsallowThingstohaveInfoviaInternet
Debasis Bhattacharya • UH Maui College [email protected] • (808) 984-3619