NomenclatureIons

IonAn atom which is electrically charged because

it lost or gained electrons

Metals lose electrons positively charged cations Examples: Lithium Lithium ion

3p+ 3p+

3e- lose 1 e- 2e-

0 neutral atom 1+ cation

IonRecognize by element name with “ion”

“Metal ion” is the general form

Roman numerals (charge) might be included

Examples: Sodium ion for Na1+

Copper II ion for Cu2+

Zinc ion for Zn2+

IonAn atom which is electrically charged because

it lost or gained electrons

Nonmetals gain electrons negatively charged anions Examples: Oxygen Oxide ion

8p+ 8p+

8e- gains 2 e- 10e-

0 neutral atom 2- anion

IonRecognize by element name changed to end

with –ide plus “ion”

Examples: Fluoride ion for F 1-

Sulfide ion for S 2-

Phosphide ion for P 3-

Predicting Ion ChargeGroup 1 Group 2 Groups

3-12 Group 13 Group 14

1+ 2+ varies 3+ 2+ or 4+

Metals in group 1 lose 1 electron and have 1+ charge!

Metals in group 2 lose 2 electrons and have 2+ charge!

For example: Cesium makes the Cs1+ ion

For example: Calcium makes the Ca2+ ion

Predicting Ion ChargeGroup 1 Group 2 Groups

3-12 Group 13 Group 14

1+ 2+ varies 3+ 2+ or 4+

Metals in groups 3-12 may have more than one possible charge and need a Roman numeral to indicate which charge to use…

For example: Iron III is Fe3+

Iron II is Fe2+

Predicting Ion ChargeGroup 1 Group 2 Groups

3-12 Group 13 Group 14

1+ 2+ varies 3+ 2+ or 4+

Memorize six special metals which do not need a Roman numeral when using their typical charge…

Al3+

Zn2+ Ga3+

Ag1+ Cd2+

Au1+

Predicting Ion ChargeGroup 1 Group 2 Groups

3-12 Group 13 Group 14

1+ 2+ varies 3+ 2+ or 4+

Tin II is Sn2+Lead II is Pb2+

Tin and Lead in group 14 have two possible charges and need Roman numerals…

Tin IV is Sn4+Lead IV is Pb4+

Predicting Ion Charge

Elements 58 - 71 3+

Elements 90 - 103 3+

What about those two long rows of elements at the bottom of the Periodic table?

Assume each element at the bottom is a 3+ ion!

Predicting Ion ChargeGroup 15 Group 16 Group 17 Group 18

3- 2- 1- 0

Nonmetals in groups 15, 16, and17 gain 1, 2, or 3 electrons and have 1-, 2-, or 3 – charge!

Noble gases in group 18 have stable amount of electrons and do not lose or gain any !

Your Turn AgainName the ions… 1. K1+

2. Fe3+

3. Sr2+

4. Ni1+

Hint: groups 1 and 2 metals do not use Roman numerals...

Your Turn AgainWrite the formulas:

1. Manganese IV ion

2. Iron III ion

3. Calcium ion

Hint: the Roman numerals indicate charge

Your Turn AgainName the ions… 1. Cl1-

2. P3-

3. S2-

4. F1-

Hint: change ending to -ide

Your Turn AgainWrite the formulas:

1. Bromide ion

2. Nitride ion

3. Selenide ion

Hint: find each ion’s group on periodic table