IONS Big Idea Atoms can gain or lose electrons to form charged particles called IONS.
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Transcript of IONS Big Idea Atoms can gain or lose electrons to form charged particles called IONS.
IONS IONS
Big IdeaBig Idea
Atoms can gain or lose electrons to Atoms can gain or lose electrons to form charged particles called IONSform charged particles called IONS
Orbitals and Energy LevelsOrbitals and Energy LevelsEach electron in an atom has a definite Each electron in an atom has a definite amount of energy.amount of energy.
Electrons in orbitals further from the Electrons in orbitals further from the nucleus have more energy.nucleus have more energy.
Orbitals that are FULL Orbitals that are FULL of electrons are most of electrons are most stable.stable.
Which electrons in Which electrons in this atom have the this atom have the most energy?most energy?
What are Ions?
Atoms are neutral particles because they have the same number of positive protons and negative electrons.
An ion is a charged particle.
An ion is formed when an atom gains or loses electrons.
Forming Ions
Type of Ion How Formed? Example
Negative Ion
= anion
Formed by gaining negative electrons
F F-1
Positive Ion
= cation
Formed by losing negative electrons
Na Na+1
Ions want noble gas orbitals!Noble gases have stable energy levels for their orbitals.Atoms want to form ions with the most stable energy levels.To form ions atoms in groups 1, 2, 13 will lose valence electrons.To form ions atoms in groups 15, 16, 17 will gain valence electrons.
Forming a Fluorine AnionForming a Fluorine Anion
9p10n
Fluorine Ion Fluorine Ion has a -1 has a -1 charge!charge!
Total charge in Total charge in fluorine atomfluorine atom = +9 plus -9 = 0 = +9 plus -9 = 0
Total charge in Total charge in fluorine ionfluorine ion = +9 plus -10 = = +9 plus -10 = -1-1
Fluorine Atom (F)Fluorine Atom (F)
Atomic Number = 9Atomic Number = 9
# protons = 9# protons = 9
# electrons = 9# electrons = 9
# neutrons = 10# neutrons = 10
Atomic mass = 19Atomic mass = 19
++
++ +
+ ++
+
FF-1-1
Forming a Magnesium Cation
The neutral magnesium atom Mg has
Atomic mass=24
Atomic number=12
12 protons
12 neutrons
12 electrons
Total charge on magnesium atom=0
A magnesium ion is formed by losing 2 valence electrons.
12p12n
This forms a cation, Mg+2
Pattern for Ionic Charges
Group # 1 2 13 14 15 16 17 18
Gain or Loss of Electrons?
Loss Loss Loss X Gain Gain Gain X
How Many Electrons?
1 2 3 X 3 2 1 X
Ionic Charge? +1 +2 +3 X -3 -2 -1 X
Noble Gas OrbitalsNoble Gas OrbitalsWhen the orbital contains a When the orbital contains a fullfull set of electrons, set of electrons, the atom is said to have a stable noble gas the atom is said to have a stable noble gas orbital.orbital.First orbital : 2 electrons First orbital : 2 electrons to be full (complete)to be full (complete)Second orbital : 8 electrons Second orbital : 8 electrons to be full (complete)to be full (complete)
Third orbital : 8 electrons Third orbital : 8 electrons to be full (complete)to be full (complete)
Group 14 and 18 elements Group 14 and 18 elements do NOT form ions!!!do NOT form ions!!!
Test YourselfWhat ion will calcium form?Ca+2
Will sulphur gain or lose electrons to form an ion?
By losing electrons, so there are more positive protons left.
Gain 2 electrons
How is a cation formed?
