Ionic Charges• What kind of charge do ions formed from

metals have? Nonmetals? • What is the difference between Cu and Cu2+?• Cu is the neutral atom of copper; Cu2+ is the

cation of Cu, which has lost 2 electrons• What is the difference between Cu2+ and Cu+?• Cu2+ indicates the loss of 2 electrons; Cu+

indicates the loss of one electron• What does the ionic formula for hypochlorite,

ClO-, indicate?• that the atoms in a hypochlorite ion act as a

unit with an overall charge of 1-

Monatomic ionsions consisting of only one atom, the ionic charges can often be determined by using

the PTIonic Charges of Representative Elements

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Li+ Be2+ N3- O2- F-

Na+ Mg2+ Al3+ P3- S2- Cl-

K+ Ca2+ As3- Se2- Br-

Rb+ Sr2+ I-

Cs+ Ba2+

Cations of the transition metals have more than 1 common ionic charge Formulas and Names of Common Metal Ions with More than One Ionic Charge

Formula Stock Name Classical Name

Cu+ Copper (I) ion Cuprous ion

Cu2+ Copper (II) ion Cupric ion

Fe2+ Iron (II) ion Ferrous ion

Fe3+ Iron (III) ion Ferric ion

Hg22+ Mercury (I) ion Mercurous ion

Hg2+ Mercury (II) ion Mercuric ion

Pb2+ Lead (II) ion Plumbous ion

Pb4+ Lead (IV) ion Plumbic ion

Sn2+ Tin (II) ion Stannous ion

Sn4+ Tin (IV) ion Stannic ion

Cr2+ Chromium (II) ion Chromous ion

Cr3+ Chromium (III) ion Chromic ion

Mn2+ Manganese (II) ion Manganous ion

Mn3+ Manganese (III) ion Manganic ion

Co2+ Cobalt (II) ion Cobaltous ion

Co3+ Cobalt (III) ion Cobaltic ion

Transition Metals• -suffix “-ous” is used to name the cation

with the lower of the two ionic charges

• ous, less

• suffix “-ic” is used to name the cation with the higher of the two charges

• Silver (Ag) is a transition metal that nearly always has a 1+ charge

• Cadmium and Zinc are transition metals that nearly always have a 2+ charge

What is the charge of the ion typically formed by each element?

• sulfur• lead, 4 electrons lost• strontium• argon• bromine• copper, 1 electron lost

• S2-

• Pb4+

• Sr2+

• no ion• Br-

• Cu1+

Name the ion and state whether it is a cation or an

anion

• Sulfur

• lead, 4 electrons lost

• strontium• Argon

• bromine• copper, 1 electron

lost

• sulfide ion/anion

• lead (IV) ion or Plumbic ion/cation

• strontium ion/cation• no ion

• bromide ion/anion• copper (I) ion or cuprous

ion/cation

Polyatomic Ions

• tightly bound groups of atoms that behave as a unit and carry a charge.

• Examples:

• Nitrate ion NO3-

• Phosphate ion PO43-

• Sulfate ion SO42-

• Ammonium ion NH4+

Naming

• “-ite” and “-ate”• (less) (more)• These terms refer only to

the number of oxygen atoms involved. It doesn’t tell you how many, it just tells you which one has more or less

“ite” “ate”

SO32- sulfite SO4

2- sulfate

NO2- nitrite NO3

- nitrate

ClO2-

chloriteClO3

- chlorate

Common Polyatomic Ions

1- charge 2- charge 3- charge

Formula Name Formula Name Formula Name

H2PO4- Dihydrogen

phosphateHPO4

2- Hydrogen phosphate

PO33- Phosphite

C2H3O2- Acetate C2O4

2- Oxalate PO43- Phosphate

HSO3- Hydrogen sulfite SO3

2- Sulfite

HSO4- Hydrogen

sulfateSO4

2- Sulfate

HCO3- Hydrogen

carbonateCO3

2- Carbonate

NO2- Nitrite CrO4

2- Chromate

NO3- Nitrate Cr2O7

2- Dichromate 1+ charge

CN- Cyanide SiO32- Silicate Formula Name

OH- Hydroxide NH4+ Ammonium

MnO4- Permanganate

ClO- Hypochlorite

ClO2- Chlorite

ClO3- Chlorate

ClO4- Perchlorate

Ionic Charges Review Questions• Write the formula for

each ion

• ammonium ion• tin (II) ion• chromate• nitrate ion • cyanide ion• iron (III) ion• permanganate ion• manganese (II) ion

• NH4+

• Sn2+

• CrO42-

• NO3-

• CN-

• Fe3+

• MnO4-

• Mn2+

Ionic Charges Review Questions• Write the symbol for

each ion. Be sure to include the charge

• oxide ion• lead (II) ion• lithium ion• nitride ion• cupric ion• fluoride ion

• O2-

• Pb2+

• Li+

• N3-

• Cu2+

• F-

Ionic Charges Review Questions• Name the following

ions

• Ba2+

• I-

• Ag+

• Hg2+ • P3-

• Sn4+

• barium ion• iodide ion• silver ion• mercury (II) ion• phosphide ion• tin (IV) ion

Ionic Charges Review Questions• Name the following

ions

• OH-

• Pb4+

• SO42-

• O2-

• HPO42-

• Cr2O72-

• Al3+

• ClO2-

• hydroxide• lead (IV)• sulfate• oxide• hydrogen phosphate• dichromate• aluminum• chlorite