Ionic Bonds. Review! Ion – atom that is no longer neutral because it has lost or gained electrons ...
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Transcript of Ionic Bonds. Review! Ion – atom that is no longer neutral because it has lost or gained electrons ...
![Page 1: Ionic Bonds. Review! Ion – atom that is no longer neutral because it has lost or gained electrons Now it has an electric charge! Atoms with 5, 6 or.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032803/56649e2d5503460f94b1c39c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Ionic Bonds
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Review!
• Ion – atom that is no longer neutral because it has lost or gained electrons Now it has an electric charge!
• Atoms with 5, 6 or 7 valence e- become more stable when that number increases to 8.
• Atoms with 1, 2 or 3 valence electrons can become more stable when they lose electrons.
Lose e- become positive ionGain e- become negative ion
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Ions and Their ChargesIons and Their Charges
Name Charge Symbol or Fomula
Lithium 1+ Li+
Sodium 1+ Na+
Potassium 1+ K+
Ammonium 1+ NH4+
Calcium 2+ Ca2+
Magnesium 2+ Mg2+
Aluminum 3+ Al3+
Fluoride 1- F-
Chloride 1- CL-
Iodide 1- I-
Bicarbonate 1- HCO3-
Nitrate 1- NO3-
Oxide 2- O2-
Fsulfide 2- S2-
Carbonate 2- CO32-
Sulfate 2- SO42-
Phosphate 3- PO43-
What does this chart mean?!
• How does Li have a +1 charge?
• How does Aluminum have a +3 charge?
• Notice how the names of F, Cl, and I have changed? Why?
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Polyatomic Ions
• Polyatomic Ions – Ions that are made of more than one atom.– Ammonium– Bicarbonate• Group of atoms that reacts as a unit
– Have overall positive or negative charge
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Ionic Bonds• The attraction between
two oppositely charged ions– Form as a result of
positive and negative ions being attracted to each other.
• Form ionic compounds!• Usually form between a
metal and nonmetal!
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• When ionic compounds form, ions bond in a way that balances out the charges on the ions.
• The chemical formula for the compound reflects this balance.– combination of symbols that shows the
ratio of elements in a compound
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Formulas of Ionic Compounds
Subscript - tells you the ratio of elements in the compound• if no subscript – it’s understood to be
1
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Naming Ionic Compounds
• The name of the (+) ion comes first, followed by the name of the (-) ion. – Positive ion is usually a metal.
• If the negative ion is a single element,end of it’s name changes to –ide.• NaCl Sodium Chloride• MgO Magnesium Oxide
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• If the negative ion is polyatomic:– Ends with -ate or -ite• NH4NO3 ammonium nitrate (fertilizer)
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Ionic Crystals
• Form solids by building up repeating patterns of ions.– Have orderly, three dimensional
arrangement called a crystal.– Every ion is attracted to ions of opposite
charge that surround it.–Many crystals are hard and brittle, due
to the strength of their ionic bonds
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High Melting Points• When ions have enough energy to
overcome the attractive forces between them, they break away from each other.– Crystal melts into liquid– A lot of energy is needed to break these
bonds
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Electrical Conductivity
• When ionic crystals dissolve in water, the bonds between ions are broken.
• Ions are free to move about & the solution conducts current.
• Solids do not conduct current well good insulators