Iona Ross BME 281 October 18, 2011. More than 600 million people worldwide (10%) suffer from...
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Transcript of Iona Ross BME 281 October 18, 2011. More than 600 million people worldwide (10%) suffer from...
Iona RossBME 281
October 18, 2011
More than 600 million people worldwide (10%) suffer from hearing impairments
250 million people worldwide have moderate to severe hearing impairments
# of people with hearing loss in the U.S has doubled in the past 30 years
By 2015, it is predicted that an estimated 700 million people worldwide will suffer from hearing impairments
3 parts to the ear: External (pinna) – collects and directs sound
through ear canal to ear drum membrane Middle (2 major parts)
Ear drum – detects sounds – sends them to ossicles
Ossicles – amplify sounds – send them to inner ear
Inner (cochlea) Transmits sounds along auditory nerve to brain
via electrical stimulation
Conductive Sound does not reach inner ear
Sensori-neural Problems with transmission of signals from
cochlea to brain Abetted by Bionic Ear
19th century Count Volta and Duchenne of Boulogna
Stimulated hearing - electical stimulation 1957
Djomo and Eyries Implanted a single electrode attached to induction
coil into head of a patient – result: patient heard 1960s – 70s – multiple electrode output
best 1978
Dr. Graeme Clark inserted first Bionic Ear into Rod Saunders – worked!
Dr. Graeme Clark
Nucleus® 22 Cochlear Implant System 22 channels for current Template Made with help from Univ. of Australia, fed
government, and Nucleus – partnership Nucleus® 24 Cochlear Implant System
24 channels for current – more precise hearing
NRT technology
2 internal components Array of electrodes Transmitter-receiver
3 external components Microphone Speech processor Transmitting coil
NRT technology
1) MicrophoneDetects and sends sound tospeech processor
2) Speech ProcessorSound to electrical codeSent to transmitting coil via cable
3) Transmitting CoilRadio waves - through skin to implant
4) Implant packageDecodes entire signal Sends required amount of current - electrodes in cochlea
5) Electrodes in cochleaNerve endings stimulatedMessage sent to brain
TODAY FUTURE
1) Helps mainly those that have lost hearing b/c age2) Inconvenient device3) Unclear signals to brain at times4) Costly procedure
1) Young children with little or no hearing early on2) Entirely internal device (microphone first)3) Improve clarity4) Decrease cost via maybe requiring less audiologist appts?
Australian Academy of Science. “Cochlear Implants – wiring for sound”. 2009.<http://www.science.org.au/nova/029/029box03.htm>.
Traynor, Bob. “The Incidence of Hearing Loss Around the World” 6 April2011.<http://hearinghealthmatters.org/hearinginternational/2011/incidence-of-hearing-loss-around-the-world/>
ThePowerhouseMuseum\<.http://www.powerhousemuseum.com/hsc/cochlear/the_cochlear.htm>.I USED SEVERAL ARTICLES AND PICTURES FROM THIS GENERAL SITE.
“Cochlear Implantation and Quality of Life in Deafness”. Damen, G. W. J. A.,Mylanus E.A.M, Snik A.F.M. Handbook of Disease Burdens and Quality of Life Measures.< http://www.springerlink.com/content/h1q077560x44v93l/>.