ion for Tunneling - Anand Mincons

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Ventilation for Tunneling

„Ventilation“



RequirementsRequirements forfor HumansHumans

and Machinesand Machines

SiA 196Schweizerischer

Ingenieur- und Architekten-Verein

sufficientsufficient

freshfresh airair



DustDust fromfrom ExplosivesExplosives



Amax

V = 0,3 m/ s



NaturalNatural Gas (Gas ( MethaneMethane ))



Amax

V = 0,5 m/ s



FactorsFactors forfor CalculatingCalculating FreshFresh AirAir

- size of construction, profile section, length etc.

- kind of header

- emission of exhaust arise / engine power

- dust emission

furthermore:

temperature development, location of the site, branched tunnel etc.

interpretationinterpretation of of fanfan layoutlayout



Systems of Ventilation

Blow in g Blow in g Ve n t i l a t i o n Ve n t i l a t i o n

ConstantConstant TunnelTunnel HeaderHeader

5 x √ A

fan

min. 10m distance

to the portal

d u c t l i n e

A = area of profile section (profile area)



Profile Of Air Flow At Duct End





MiningMining withwith CrownCrown andand BenchBench

d u c t l i n e

fan

crown

bench



fan

crown




b y p a s s d u c t l i n e

bench



fan

crown




SecondarySecondary VentilationVentilation

d u c t l i n e s ec o n d a r y v e n t i l a t i o n

bench



Installation of Booster Fan



f a n



TunnelTunnel withwith VentilationVentilation ShaftShaft

ventilation shaft





UsingUsing DustDust RemovingRemoving PlantPlant

fan

dust wall

dust removerfan

TSMduct storage

1-2 √ A

overlap

ventilation

suc tion – s ide o f cl ean a ir

A = area of profile section (profile area)

suction pipeV~18 m/s

blowingduct

> 11 √ A

laminar area of flow

≤ ¼ √ A

zone of dust1/3 h

2/3 h

(possible for longer heading)




Suc t ion Suc t ion Ve n t i l a t i o n Ve n t i l a t i o n

ConstantConstant TunnelTunnel HeaderHeader withwith FocusedFocused VentilationVentilation

d u c t l i n e

fan

fan



f a n

Systems of VentilationCi rcu l a t e C i r cu l a t e Ve n t i l a t i o n Ve n t i l a t i o n

TunnelTunnel withwith VentilationVentilation ShaftShaft

ventilation shaft



Systems of VentilationCi rcu l a t e C i r cu l a t e Ve n t i l a t i o n Ve n t i l a t i o n

Main TunnelMain Tunnel withwith Pilot GalleryPilot Gallery

fan

pilot gallery



Selection Of Size / Type Of

Ducts• Lay Flat Flexible Ducts• Semi rigid Flexible Ducts• A) Heavy Duty Ducts with 75 mm-150 mm

pitch• B) Light Duty Ducts with 350 mm pitch

• Elliptical /Twin Flexible Ducts



Lay Flat Flexible Ducts



Lay Flat Flexible tubing's when the

fan is stopped



Ducts With Double Suspension



LAY FLAT SEMIRIGID TUBINGS



LAY FLAT SEMI RIGID TUBINGS



Semi Rigid Ducts



HANGING ARRANGEMENT



JOINING ARRANGEMENTS



Elliptical Ducts FromAnand Mincons

For Restricted Head RoomConditions



Elliptical d cts Can be installed



Elliptical ducts Can be installed

either vertically or horizontally

Retains its elliptical shape



Retains its elliptical shape

even when the fan is stopped



Merits of Elliptical Flexible Ducts

• 1) accommodation of a bigger cross

sectional area of ducts, requiring less noof fans especially in long tunnels• 2) reduced power cost• 3) reduced rating of fan motor and power

generating station

• 4) better standard of ventilation greater airflow at the face for improved productivity• 5) less prone to physical damage

EFFECT OF DIAMETER OF



EFFECT OF DIAMETER OF

DUCTS

Graph From SIA196 For Static Pressure & Fan Discharge



A x i a l A x i a l Flow Flow Fa n Fa n FunctionAxialAxial FlowFlow FanFan forfor UndergroundUnderground BuildingsBuildings

Pdyn

efficiency η

84 % 72 %78%80 % 64 %

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

10 15 20 V [m3

/ s ]

P [

P a

]

Stablearea

f low break ing point

(point of stall)



FAN IN SERIES

ion for Tunneling - Anand Mincons

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