Ion Chromatography and its Applications

Ion Chromatography is the most preferred technique, widely used for all anions and all cations analysis in aqueous samples. It's a very good analytical tool for determining analytes in the form of ions in food , chemical ( both fine and speciality ) , petrochemical , different water ( raw water, waste water , river water , ground water etc ) & environmental including aerosols, gases ,pharmaceutical, life sciences , power plants matrices etc.

Ion Chromatography (IC) is the separation of inorganic and organic ionic species by ion exchange chromatography fol lowed by conductivity detection. The separation of anions i s a c c o m p l i s h e d v i a a n i o n exc h a n g e chromatography. The separation of cations is by cation exchange chromatography.

Ion Chromatography is a very specific and selective technique. Once the instrument is configured for specific analysis, it will carry out the analysis of those ions, irrespective of presence of other class of ions. For example while analysis of ANIONS, only anions will be detected and estimated, irrespective to the presence of cations & transition metals.

Ion chromatography

+3 +6Ion speciation is possible. For example Cr & Cr ; +2 +3Fe & Fe ; Selenate & Selenite; Arsenate &

Arsenite, separation is possible.

The detection in Ion Chromatography (IC) technique involved is mostly conductivity detector. Since all the ions have conductivity given the conditions , either high or low they can be detected using this detector. Infact conductivity detectors are also called universal detectors. Majority of anions , cations , organic acids (C1-C8), amines , transition metals , speciation studies of ions can be determined.

The technique can be connected to other detectors like diode array detector, fluorescence detector , amperometric detectors , mass spectrometry detectors.

Minimum detection limit is usually parts per billion (ppb), without any need for additional equipment's. An ideal instrument for trace level analysis. Per sample analysis cost is very low as compared to any other existing technique. No shelf life of any of the components.

Determinations that can be done using Ion ChromatographyŸ Anions

Ÿ Cations

Ÿ Transition metals including lanthanides, uranium , thorium

Ÿ Speciation – arsenic , chromium, iron, platinum, selenium, etc.

Ÿ Organic acids and fatty acids

Ÿ Amino acids

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Fig.1 : High resolution anion chromatography

Fig.2 : High resolution cation and transition metals chromatography

ADVANTAGES of Ion ChromatographyŸ Versatile & cost saving – use of only laboratory grade chemicals

Ÿ Better than spectroscopy techniques

Ÿ No gases involved

Ÿ Simultaneous determination of multiple ions

Ÿ Better selectivity and sensitivity

Ÿ % to ppm to ppb to ppt levels can be achieved

Ÿ Different Inline Sample preparation options

Ÿ Matrix effect is minimum

Ÿ Hyphenation possible

Compliance of IC to International Norms ASTM - American Society for Testing MaterialsUS-EPA - United States Environment ProtectionOSHA - Occupational Safety and Health

Administration AWWA - American Water Works AssosciationUSP - United States PharmacopoeiaEP - European PharmacopoeiaEN - European NormsDIN - German Standards

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HYPHENATION with Ion ChromatographyŸ Combustion Ion ChromatographyŸ I n t e g r a t i o n o f T i t r a t i o n a n d I o n

Chromatography – TitrICŸ Integration of Voltammetry and Ion

Chromatography – VoltICŸ IC-MS and IC-ICP/MS Ÿ PILS - IC

Fig.3 : Carbohydrates using Ion Chromatography Fig.4 : Amino Acids using Ion Chromatography

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Metrohm Inline Sample Preparation for precise and accurate analysis

Crystal clear, clinically pure, no bacteria and no particles: this would be an ideal sample for ion chromatography. The real world is often different. Apart from the ions to be determined, the samples contain matrix components which may be aggressive or lead to precipitation in the system. They can sometimes make analysis difficult, if not impossible. Samples with a high load of matrix components can damage the separation column or lead to blockages in the system. That is why suitable sample preparation is essential for reliable and accurate analysis.In the past, all sample preparation steps had to be carried out manually. That is history. With the unique Metrohm Inline Sample Preparation (MISP) techniques, some of which have been patented, it is now possible to automate these processes in full and make each individual step traceable. The high precision and accuracy of Liquid Handling are based on the outstanding properties of the patented 800 Dosino. The use of Dosino technology ensures that up to 0.2 µL liquid

can be measured out andtransferred exactly, quickly and precisely. The advantages are clear. You will benefit from significant time and cost savings while at the same time increasing the reliability of your analyses.

• Inline Ultrafiltration• Inline Dialysis• Inline Dilution• Intelligent Partial Loop Injection Technique • Inline Extraction• Inline Matrix Elimination• Inline Calibration• Inline Preconcentration• Inline Neutralization• Inline Cation Removal

Methods of Metrohm In l ine Sample Preparation:

Highlights • Unique, partially patented and fully automated sample preparation • Inline transfer of a solid, liquid or gaseous sample through to injection • Improves precision and accuracy of the analysis results • Minimizes processing time • Reduces manual steps • Guarantees traceability for each sample preparation step • Minimizes the risk of contamination • Opens up new application areas • Enables ultratrace analysis • Self-optimizing analyses based on logical decisions of the system • Professional Liquid Handling thanks to Dosino technology

Metrohm Inline Sample Preparation (MISP): These techniques are the key to fully automated samle analysis by ion chroma tograhpy. The samples are delivered into the system with an autosampler, subjected to one of the Metrohm Inline Sample Preparation techniques,and are then injected directly into an IC system.

HighlightsŸ Unique combination of titration, direct

measurement and ion chromatographyŸ Minimum space requiredŸ Fully automated analysis of all ionic

componentsŸ Easy to control with MagIC Net softwareŸ Use titration or ion chromatography alone or

both techniques combinedŸ All analytical results in one reportŸ Fast analysis, reliable and reproducible resultsŸ Unique calculation of the ionic balanceŸ Cost efficientŸ State-of-the-art database for storage and

management of results

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TitrIC Vario Pro – fully automatic water analysis in one system TitrIC Vario Pro combines the three analytical methods - titration, direct measurement and ion chromatography(IC) in a unique system that only Metrohm is able to offer Metrohm's experience in both titration and ion chromatography has resulted in a complete system that can be used for many different kinds of analysis. All ionic components are determined rapidly, reliably and reproducibly.TitrIC Vario Pro is completely automated. After the samples have been placed on the rack, MagIC Net takes over and can work seven days a week for 24 hours per day. Intelligent control and thoroughly tested technology guarantee reliable analyses. Up to 100 samples can be determined without any manual intervention. The high degree of automation reduces costs and increases the precision of the analysis.

HighlightsŸ Simultaneous trace analysis of anions,

cations, and transition metals Ÿ One database contains all resultsŸ Fully automated analysis of up to 56 samplesŸ Efficient and cost-savingŸ Easy extension of existing Metrohm devices

to a complete VoltIC Vario Pro systemŸ Flexible and independent operation of ion

chromatograph and VA analyzerŸ Flexible operation of autosamplerŸ MagIC Net software for system control and

data managementŸ Full traceability of dataŸ Unique liquid handling based on Metrohm

patented Dosino technology

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VoltIC Vario Pro combines Ion Chromatography and Voltammetry in a single, powerful system for trace ion analysis«Two in one» – that's the principle of VoltIC Vario Pro. Integrating ion chromatography and voltammetry by sharing the same autosampler and software, VoltIC Vario Pro brings together the particular strengths of both techniques in a single, fully automated system – for virtually unlimited possibilities in trace ion analysis.

Ÿ Just one sample changer needed for three analytical techniques

Ÿ Fully compatible with Metrohm Inline SamplePreparation (MISP) techniques

Ÿ TitrIC Vario Pro is FDA compliant

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Metrohm Solutions for Aerosols Analysis

Real-time determination of Anions and Cations in aerosols by Ion chromatography

Testing air pollution requires rapid and accurate measurements of inorganic compounds in ambient air. Coupling a Particle-Into-Liquid-Sampler (PILS) to Metrohm Professional IC system enables quasi-continuous measurements with an unprecedented temporal resolution of 5-15 minutes.

Filters now take a back seat: The determination of anions and cations in atmospheric aerosols yields essential information about atmospheric transport and transformation processes. The filter method only permits determination averages over a 24-hour or longer time span. Moreover, the results can be compromised by desorption processes and chemical transformations.

Advantages of PILS at a glance:

§Determination of ions in aerosols with high temporal resolution

§Simple interfacing to an ion chromatography system

§High sampling rate§Diurnal variation analysis with high time

resolution§Direct on-site sample analysis§Contamination-free aerosol collection

technique (Particles PM1, PM2.5, PM10)§No sample storage required§No sample preparation required

Component

HClHNO3

HNO2

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Nh3

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2-SO4+NH4

+Na +K

2+Ca2+Mg

Gas

Aerosol

Detection Limit

30.05 ug / m30.05 ug / m30.08 ug / m30.10 ug / m30.08 ug / m

30.05 ug / m30.05 ug / m30.08 ug / m30.08 ug / m30.08 ug / m30.10 ug / m30.08 ug / m30.10 ug / m

3Per m ambient air

MARGA - Monitor for Aerosols and Gases in Ambient Air

§Reliable quantitative sampling of gases and aerosols

§Quantitative software with security and validation levels

§Accurate results every hour§Modern connectivity for remote assistance

and data transfer§1 week unattended operation

Inline Eluent Preparation – an invaluable tool for ion chromatography

With the 941 Eluent Production Module, Metrohm integrates Inline Eluent preparation in the ion chromatographs of the 940 Professional IC Vario and 930 Compact IC Flex series, as well as in any other intelligent ion chromatographs from Metrohm. The dilution of the eluent concentrates with ultra pure water to the desired concentration takes place automatically. The 941 Eluent Production Module can be upgraded

Advantages of Inline Eluent Preparation at a glance§Automated Inline eluent preparation ensures stable retention times, contamination-free§working and reliable measurement results§ Free selection of the eluent with respect to component and concentration§ Simple installation and integration of new and existing applications§Continuous, maintenance-free operation up to one month§ Eluent concentrates can be produced inexpensively on your own or purchased conveniently from

dealers§Direct connection of an ultrapure water system for high-purity eluents possible§Up to four eluents, parallel with one module

without difficulty with optional accessories to enable the production of up to four eluents. Each application has its own ideal eluent, be it a combination of different salts or the addition of organic solvents. Thanks to Inline Dilution and the patentedDosino technology, the 941 Eluent Production Module can be used to produce whichever eluent is required from the respective concentrate including organic solvents.

Consecutive injections of a 250 µg/L multi-anion standard over a 21-day period reveal anunprecedented retention-time stability.

CORPORATE OFFICE:

Metrohm India Limited 3 & 4, Origin Sri Towers, Fourrts Avenue Annai Indira Nagar, Okkiyam ThoraipakkamChennai - 600 097 Ph: +91 44 40440440 Fax : +91 44 40440444 e- mail: info@metrohm.in