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Restricted Distribution IOC/SC-WESTPAC-XII/8.22 Bangkok, 4 March 2019 English only

INTERGOVERNMENTAL OCEANOGRAPHIC COMMISSION (of UNESCO) Twelfth Intergovernmental Session of the IOC Sub-Commission for the Western Pacific (WESTPAC-XII) Manila, the Philippines, 2-5 April 2019

Item 5.5.3 of the Provisional Agenda

PROGRESS REPORT ON THE REGIONAL TRAINING AND RESEARCH CENTER ON MARINE BIODIVERSITY AND ECOSYSTEM HEALTH (RTRC MARBEST)

(MAY 2017–APRIL 2019)

(Unedited)

In accordance with Terms of Reference of IOC Sub-Commission for the Western Pacific, the report is provided to facilitate the consideration by the Sub-Commission on the progress made on the IOC Regional Training and Research Center on Marine Biodiversity and Ecosystem Health (RTRC-MarBEST).

The report presents a summary of the activities and results of MarBEST over the last intersessional period. The Sub-Commission is invited to consider its workplan for the next intersessional period.

IOC/SC-WESTPAC-XII/8.22 page 1

I. Program

The Regional Training and Research Center on Marine Biodiversity and Ecosystem Health (RTRC MarBEST) aims to share experiences and knowledge to young students, researchers and lecturers through capacity building programs in marine biodiversity and ecosystem health. The RTRC MarBEST is in accordance with the capacity development program under IOCUNESCO to support the implementation of Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP).

II. Program objectives and expected outputs/outcomes

OBJECTIVES 1. Develop and strengthen the capacity and capability of human resources, particularly young researchers and lecturers, from member states in the Indo-West Pacific region through trainings in Marine Biodiversity and Ecosystem Health. 2. Establish and develop a common platform for methodologies in monitoring marine ecosystem health, especially coastal ecosystems such as coral reefs, seagrass and mangrove. 3. Promote scientific collaborations among experts in the region and beyond on longterm monitoring of marine ecosystem health. 4. Facilitate transfer of knowledge and technology related to biodiversity and its valuation, status and trend of ecosystem health for policy applications.

EXPECTED OUTCOMES 1. Increase numbers of human resources with high competence in the fields of marine biodiversity and ecosystem health. 2. Increase numbers of human resources capable of monitoring, analyzing and disseminating trends ecosystem health. 3. Build networks research institutes, universities, government offices, private sectors and other stakeholders for marine biodiversity and conservation. 4. Provide an easy access to information on the status of biodiversity and ecosystem health of member countries in the region.

III. Principal Investigator (Chairperson) and Program Steering Group including

their affiliations and email addresses

Organization of MarBEST Center is divided into 2 (two) groups, these include the program steering and the executive groups. The program steering group consists of the higher level of some government and private institutes. The member of executive group is coming from mostly the RCO LIPI. The organization of executive group is developed based on the functions that carried out by this organization. Based on UNESCO/IOC guideline, at least two services should be carried out by an RTRC, include training and research cooperation activities. Following is the organizational structure and the person in charge (PIC). Program Steering Group Head: Dr. Laksana Tri Handoko, Chairman of LIPI Secretary: Dr. Zainal Arifin, Deputy Earth Science of LIPI Member: 1. Prof. Dr. Arief Rahman, Head of KNIU 2. Dr. Muhammad. Dimyati, DG Strengthening


Research and Development of MORTHE Executive Group Director: Dr. Dirhamsyah Vice Director: Prof. Dr. Suharsono Training Course Division: Indra Bayu Vimono Planning and Program: Hilda Novianty Administration and Finance: Beben Hidayat Research Facilities: Irfan Kampono Public Relation and Legal: Sofia Yuniar Sani

IV. Terms of Reference of the Program Steering Group

The Program Steering Group has main function to direct the executive group in developing training and research programs that should be carried out by the executive group. This group also has the duty to find funding resources from government institutions as well as from private sector.

V. Activities carried out during the last intersessional period (May 2017 – April

2019)

During the last intersessional period of May 2017-April 2019, RTRC MarBEST conducted two regional training with the details below: 1. Molecular Taxonomy Training (Based on Single DNA Barcoding and

Metabarcoding)

Recently, a new innovation on the molecular genetic study had been carried out by Ficetola (2008) in order to understand biodiversity status of marine organism in the aquatic ecosystem based on metabarcoding analysis, called environmental DNA. The environmental DNA study, allow us to collect genetic material found in the water column, from various marine ecosystem including estuaries, mangroves, seagrass, coral reef, pelagic, and deep sea ecosystem. The single DNA barcoding study allow us to identify the certain species based on the genetic material collected form the individual specimen. But, the metabarcoding study allow us to identify multiple species that possible inhabit in the certain ecosystem based on their metabolic waste, damaged tissue or sloughed skin cells (Kelly et al, 2014). It is important to understand now that both single DNA Barcoding and metabarcoding are important to be carried out for validating, reviewing, and completing the biodiversity status of marine biodiversity in the tropical region. Based on those consideration, MarBEST Center conducted a molecular taxonomy training based on single DNA Barcoding and metabarcoding study of various marine organisms in the tropical region including marine vertebrae (Aves, mammals, Reptiles, Fishes), Invertebrate (Insects, Mollusc, Polychaeta & Annelids, Crustaceans, Coelenterate, Cnidarians, Echinoderms), marine planktons, marine bacteria and virus, and even for marine plants (algae and sea grass).


DATE AND VENUE This training conducted from 25 September until 5 October 2017 at RTRC MarBEST Center and RCO LIPI for Molecular analysis, while the field work took place at Pari Island, as RTRC MarBEST field station in North Jakarta.

PARTICIPANTS

We selected 21 participants, consists of Bangladesh (1 persons), China (1), Malaysia (1), Pakistan (1), the Philippines (1), Singapore (1), Thailand (1), Vietnam (2) and Indonesia (12) from more than 94 candidate whose applied for more than 10 countries across the world. BUDGET The total cost of training activity is USD. 61.538 The cost funded by:

1. Government of Republic Indonesia (GOI)

GOI funded with the total sum of USD 15.384. The funding also covered airfare for all training participants

2. COREMAP CTI Project

COREMAP CTI Project covered all day to day training activities, including hotel reservation and logistic arrangement during training. The total amount funding from the COREMAP CTI Project is around USD 53.033

3. UNESCO/IOC WESTPAC

UNESCO/IOC through WESTPAC funded 4 selected participants from Bangladesh (1 participant), China (2 participants), and Iran (1 participant). With the total sum of USD 13.000 UNESCO covered the airfare, hotel reservation and logistic arrangement to the mentioned participants during their training in Indonesia.

TRAINING ACTIVITIES Keynote Speech & Invited Speaker session


The First Session was series lecture by a keynote speaker and two invited speaker. The keynote speaker session, Prof. Dr. Youn Ho Lee presented " Molecular Genetics in Marine Organisms”. The invited speakers Prof. Dr. Endang Sukara presented his prestation entitled “From reading to writing genes in connection to molecular taxonomy of marine biological resources”. The last invited speaker Dr. Suchana Chavanich presented “Current Status of Marine Biodiversity in the Western Pacific Region”. General Lecturer session General lectures were delivered in the training. During the lecture, the lecturers gave a detailed explanation on their study and/or the overview of taxa, especially related to molecular analysis and taxonomy. There were eleven general lectures topics that were discussed in the training:

List of Lectures in Molecular Taxonomy Training 1.

Taxonomy and Nomenclature Prof. Dwi Listyo Rahayu

2.

Molecular Taxonomy in Marine Invertebrate

Dr. Gino Limmon

Genetic data analysis in single DNA barcoding study of marine invertebrate

Dr.Gino Limmon

3.

Single DNA barcoding in Vertebrate (Fish)

Dr. Albert Chakona

Single DNA sequence Dr. Albert Chakona 4.

Single DNA barcoding in Invertebrate (Crustacea)

Dr. Nicholas Hubert

5. Metabarcoding in Invertebrate (Marine Plankton)

Dr. Youn Ho Lee

6.

Molecular Phylogenetic & Evolution (I) Dr. Takahiro Yonezawa

Molecular Phylogenetic & Evolution (II) Dr. Takahiro Yonezawa 7.

Total DNA extraction and Gel Electrophoresis

Dr. Hagi Yulia Sugeha

8.

PCR Dr. Irma Shita Arlyza

9.

Practical guide for reference collection Indra Bayu Vimono, Mapp.Sc

10.

Practical guide for Next Generation Sequencing Procedure

Dr. Satoshi Yamamoto

11.

Data Management system in RCO LIPI Bayu Prayuda, M.Si

Field sampling session and Laboratorium work


Field sampling were conducted in Pari Islands (part of Seribu Islands-Jakarta). The fieldwork was in the 29 September 2017 up to 1 October 2017. The event was held in the Development of Oceanographic Unit for Human Resources Competency-Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Pari Island, Seribu Islands.

Field work activities

Participants were divided into 4 groups: 1. Group A: Single DNA Barcoding of Fish 2. Group B: Single DNA Barcoding of Invertebrate 3. Group C: Metabarcoding of Plankton 4. Group D: Metabarcoding of Fish

Lab work and analysis activitiy

2. Coral Health Index Training

Coral reefs ecosystem that provide habitats for thousands of marine species has been facing various threats from human activities and natural disasters such as habitat degradation, pollution, climate change and extreme events. Living in the world’s coral biodiversity hotspot, coastal societies of the western Pacific region rely on coral reefs ecosystem services for their food security and economic sustenance. In the other hand, several threats on coral reefs still become the major issues, including destructive fishing, marine pollution and climate change. To make sure the sustainability of coral reefs, a common platform is needed to compare the


health of the coral reefs. The coral reefs management is depend on the expertise on taxonomic of marine biodiversity and conservation studies, especially related to the research on sustainable use of marine living resources, food security, the role of man and biosphere, the establishment of marine protected areas (MPA), and the exploration of marine living creatures. Since the marine region between countries is higly connected, the similar political will of the countries around Indonesia to protect and manage the coral reefs is needed. This political will shall supported by science based platform and information regionally.RCO-LIPI has a long-term program in monitoring coral reef ecosystem health through the Coral Reef Rehabilitation and Management Program (COREMAP) since 1998. 2018 RTRC MarBEST (Regional Training and Research Center for Marine Biodiversity and Ecosystem Health) training course would take advantage of COREMAP’s experience in managing coral reefs and developing methodologies for monitoring reef health to train young researchers and lecturers from the western Pacific region. The training would enable participants to assess ecosystem health, monitor diversity, distribution and abundance changes, and construct reef health index as only few countries in the world are aware the importance of the index. The knowledge and skills gained from this training would be beneficial in developing human resources, strengthening monitoring programs and information-sharing networks related to coral reefs monitoring and management in the region. These activities is believed to be the best platform to conserve the coral reefs together within regional scope for Asia-Pacific and adjecent region.

DATE AND VENUE Due to the renovation in the MarBEST Center, for 2018 training, we moved the activity to Bali, at Holiday Inn Hotel for all lecture and analysis session, while filed work took place at Menjangan Island in West Bali National Park. Training activity was conducted from 22 October until 1 November 2018. PARTICIPANTS During the submission process, the Organizing Committee (OC) received 93 applicants that came from 17 countries. Only 20 selected participants that is eligible to join the training from 10 countries. The 20 selected participants are coming from Malaysia, China, Philippine, Solomon islands, Papua New Guinea, Singapore, Myanmar, Srilanka, Bangladesh, and Indonesia. Comparison between men and women in this year’s training is 6 women and 14 men. INSTRUCTORS AND GUEST SPEAKERS Top expert in coral reefs studies were invited speaker in the training, such as: Prof. Suharsono from the Oceanography-LIPI Research Center (Indonesia), Prof. Ove Hoegh Guldberg from the University of Queensland (Australia), Prof. Peter Mumby from the University of Queensland (Australia), Prof. Kazuo Nadaoka from the Tokyo Institute of Technology (Japan), Dr. Thamasek Yeemin from Rhamkhamhaeng University (Thailand), Dr. Giyanto from the Oceanographic Research Center-LIPI (Indonesia) and Dr. Dominic Bryant from the Global Change Institute-University of Queensland (Australia). All of these speakers presents various topic related to coral reefs, including the introduction of coral reefs in the western Pacific, the taxonomy of coral reefs, coral reefs and climate change, to the techniques of coral reef monitoring and the implementation of the Coral Reef Health Index. As a collaborative programme between the Research Center for Oceanography LIPI and the UNESCO-Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission for the West Pacific (IOC


WESTPAC), the training invited guest speakers from IOC, such as Dr. Wenxi Zhu which is the Program specialist Officer of IOC WESTPAC, Prof. Dr. Vladimir Ryabinin who is the Executive Secretary of the IOC-UNESCO and Dr. Salvatore Arico as head of the Ocean Science section at the IOC. The three guest speakers carried a program from the IOC dealing with ocean ecosystems, including coral reef ecosystem, in different approaches and interests.

GroupphotoduringtheopeningofCoralReefsHealthIndex

BUDGET The total cost of training activity is 64,799 USD. The cost funded by:

1. COREMAP CTI Project

COREMAP CTI Project covered all day to day training activities, including hotel reservation and logistic arrangement during training. The total amount funding from the COREMAP CTI Project is around 754.369.600 IDR (USD 54,271)

2. UNESCO/IOC WESTPAC

UNESCO/IOC through WESTPAC funded accommodation during the field activities at Menjangan area during the training and VDO documentation, with the total sum of USD 10,528

TRAINING ACTIVITIES There were three activities that had been conducted during the training: 1) Lectures activities

Lectures sessions were filled with many coral reef expert such as: - Prof. Suharsono presenting Introduction to West Pacific coral reefs ecosystem - Prof. Kazuo Nadaoka presenting Climate change and ecosystem health


- Prof. Thamasak Yeemin presenting Coral bleaching and future challenges for coral reefs management

- Prof. Peter Mumby presenting Management and conservation of coral reefs - Prof. Ove Hoegh Gulberg presenting Future Research and Global Monitoring Aside from the lecture sessions, this training also invited several eminent person in IOC UNESCO such as such as Dr. Wenxi Zhu which is the Program specialist Officer of IOC WESTPAC, Prof. Dr. Vladimir Ryabinin who is the Executive Secretary of the IOC-UNESCO and Dr. Salvatore Arico as head of the Ocean Science section at the IOC

Classsessions


Simulationsessionbeforegointtothefield

2) Field work

The main field activities were conducted at 27 October 2018. Based on the planning agreed during the SCUBA Diving Induction during the class session, The Field session were started by Safty Diving assesment in the pool in the morning. The diving assesment was needed to asses the capability of each participants in terms of diving. All participants did short dive in the pool under the supervision of the instructors and diving assistants. The assesment result was the based of the composition of the diving team so the diving could be conducted safetly and efficiently. After the team were composed, the participants, instructors and diving assistants were on board to the boats provides for each team. In the afternoon, the boats were heading to the diving site at the Menjangan Island. Each team were deployed at specific dive site provided by the commitee. The Dive Sites were examined previously by the commitee a day before to make sure the cndition and the site safety regarding to the current, depth and the presence of the danger marine lifes. All participants took their chance to observe and prctice the data colection activities underwater. After the data collection is finished, all boats headed back to the hotel.


Field activities

3) Data Analysis and trial making Coral Health Index

After review session on the field data collection, participants learnt more on the data management and data analysis. All Participantas did the data analysis using CPCe Software. The results from analysis using CPCe will help participants to develop the coral health index


Data analysis session

VI. Outputs generated during the intersessional period (May 2017 – April 2019)

From the two International training that has been conducted, RTRC MarBEST graduated 41 alumni from both Molecular Taxonomy Training (21 participants) and Coral Health Index Training (20 participants)

VII. Problems encountered and actions to be considered by the 12th Intergovernmental

Session, scheduled for 2-5 April 2019, Manila, the Philippines In general, both the Taxonomy Molecular Training and Coral Health Index Training could be considered success. Almost no significant problems encountered in the implementation of this training course. However, there are some points should be noted for improving the output quality of next training activities. These include:

The various backgrounds and the level of knowledge of the participants in taxonomic works. This is resulted in the difficulties to the mentor and the committee to apply the best practiced of teaching.

Period of the training course (2 weeks). It considered too limited. It is impossible for the participants to perform as a true taxonomist due to the lack of experienced even though the participants learned the basic knowledge and skill of taxonomist and experienced taxonomic works. The same issue also arised with the Coral Health Index training. Limited period of training made participants have less time in developing the index and learning about the protocol of making the index throughly.

Budget limitation. Scarcity of taxonomist is not a national or regional problem only, it also encountered around the world. The importance of taxonomy studies arose in all regions. The Molecular Taxonomy Training that has been conducted provides a lesson to us that many students, scientists, and managers from the outside of WESTPAC region, interested to joint this training. However, due to the limitation of budget forced to the training committee to reject their applications. This issue is also occured in the Coral Health Index Training.

IOC/SC-WESTPAC-XII/8.22 page 12 VIII. Workplan and Budget for May 2019 – April 2021

Program

Funding Required

Remark Activities Objectives Expected outputs/outcomes Date and place IOC

Other sources (i.e. from national

or international)

1. Training on Estimation of carbon stock and sequestration in seagrass ecosystem

Applying protocol on carbon stock and sequestration estimation in seagrass ecosystem based on ASEAN Protocol

20 participants across WESTPAC region

2nd week of November 2019 in RTRC MarBEST

USD 10,000

USD 43,200

The protocol will be the first protocol on carbon sequestration that proposed to ASEAN-COST

2. Training on Mangrove Health Index Training

To develop and strengthen the capacity of human resources in the field of Mangrove health index


October/November 2020

USD 10,000

USD 43,000

3. Training on Coral Taxonomy

Developing the capacity of human resources on taxonomy of coral


October/November 2021

USD 10,000

USD 50,000

Regional Training

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