OCEANACIDIFICATIONRESEARCHANDMONITORING

Dr.AnnaKuswardaniR&DCenterforMarineandCoastalResourcesMinistryofMarineAffairsandFisheries

CLIMATECHANGEISSUESONMARINEANDFISHERIESSECTORININDONESIA

INCREASE OF CO2 SEA LEVEL RISESST INCREASE

1.MARINEANDCOASTALECOSYSTEMDEGRADATION

2.SINKINGISLANDS3.OCEANACIDIFICATION4.CHANGINGONCARBON

CYCLE5.CORALBLEACHING

COMMUNITY LIVELIHOOD

1.LOSSOFHOMEFOR42MILLIONSOFCOASTALCOMMUNITIESIN20502.LOSSOFINCOME

RESOURCES3.UNCERTAINTYINFISHING

ACTIVITIESDUETOSEASONALCHANGES

4.EMERGINGDISEASES

FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE

1.CHANGESOFFISHMIGRATIONPATTERN2.INCREASENUMBERSOFSTRANDEDFISH3.INCREASEOFFISH

DISEASES

CoralBleaching(CB)&HABInIndonesia

SevereCBinIndonesiaoccurredin1982/1983,1997/1998,2010,2016

CBperApril2016www.facebook.com/CoralBleachingIndonesia

HABi.e.inJakartaBay&Bali=veryfrequent

1. Ingeneral,Indonesiaplayingaroleascarbonsource3.7± 2.2molm-2 /year,particularly inNorthWestMonsoon(November – Februari)

2. Thesink area ofCO2:Makassarstrait,Banda sea andMadurastrait

3. JavaSeaisamajorcontributionofCO2totheatmosphere

CO2SINK/SOURCE

OceanandClimateImpactsonCoralBleaching

SeaSurfaceTemperature

Warmer

CoralBleaching

SeaLevelRise

Sedimentrate

CoralDisease

RainFallPatternchanges

Saliniitydecrease

Freshwaterintake

Turbiditydecreaseof

lightabsorption

SeaCurrentPatternchanges

Changesonocean

circulationand

temperature

Lackofnutrientand

larvadistribution

OceanAcidification

pHdecrease

Disturbcoralgrowth

• OceanacidificationisaseriousthreattoIndonesia’sfisheries.

• ManyreefsandfishspeciesaredyingacrosstheIndianOceanduetorisingseatemperaturebuttheoceanacidificationeffectstillnotidentified.

• ResearchonoceanacidificationinIndonesiaarelessanddifficult.

InaCOBHAS

INA-GOOS(GlobalOcean

ObservingSystem)1.Coastalbuoyarray

2.vessel-basedmonitoring

IndonesiaCoralreefmonitoring

networks

NOAABleachingAlert

validationforIndonesian

reefs

Otherlocalparameters:light,run-off,pollutionstatus,geographicalshapes,disturbancelevel(e.g.marine

tourism)

Reef‘Life-form’map

Coupledatmosphere-Land-oceanmodeltoestimate

seasonalSSTbyBureauof

Meteorology

InaCoBHAS – IndonesiaCoralBleachingandHarmfulAlgalBloomAlertSystem

OAmonitoring

GOAL/TARGETGLOBAL TARGETNASIONAL(RPJMN2015-2019)K/L

PENANGGUNGJAWAB

14.Melakukan Konservasi dan Pemanfaatan Sumber Daya Laut,Samudera dan Maritim untukPembangunanBerkelanjutan14.1Mencegah dan mengurangi semuajenis pencemaran laut

Menurunnya beban pencemaran dantingkat kerusakan kawasan pesisir danlaut hinggatahun2019

KLHKdanKKP

14.2Mengelola dan melindungi ekosistemlaut dan pesisir secara berkelanjutan

TerkelolanyasumberdayaikanpadaZonaEkonomiEkslusifdi7WilayahPengelolaan Perikanan (WPP) padatahun2019(2015:2WPP)

KKP

14.3Meminimalisasi dan mengatasidampak pengasaman laut

Menurunnyabebanpencemarandantingkatkerusakanwilayahpesisirdanlaut di3kawasanpadatahun2019(2015:1kawasan)

KLHK

14.4Mengatur pemanenan danmenghentikan penangkapan ikanberlebihan,ilegal dan merusak,sertamemulihkan stok ikan secara layakbiologisnya

Meningkatnya produksiperikanantangkapmenjadi6.982.560tonpadatahun2019(2015:6.299.290ton)

KKP

14.5Melakukan konservasi setidaknya 10persen dari wilayah pesisir dan laut

Bertambahnya luasan kawasankonservasi perairanseluas 20juta hasampai dengan tahun 2019 (2015:17,3jutaHa)

KKP

14.6Menghilangkan subsidi yangberkontribusi terhadap penangkapan ikanilegal,tidak dilaporkan dan tidak diatur(Illegal,UnreportedandUnregulated/IUU)

Terkendalinya IUUfishingdan kegiatan dilaut yangmerusak ditandaidengankepatuhansebanyak87%pelakuusahapadatahun2019(2015:66%)

KKP

Presidentil Decree- Annex(SDGsIndonesia- Goal14)

Goal14:Conserveandsustainablyusetheoceans,seasandmarineresourcesforsustainabledevelopment

2017

• IdentifypotentialareaofOceanAcidificationinIndonesiausingBiogeochemicalModel

• CollectingpHandCO2samplefrompotentialarea(WestSumatraandBali)

2018

• CollectingpHandCO2samplefrompotentialarea

•ModelingthecarboncycleintheIndonesiaseatodefinepotentiallocationofoceanacidification

• Identifyimpactofoceanacidificationoncarbononcoastalecosystemandmarinebiota.

2019

• CollectingpHandCO2samplefrompotentialarea

•ModelingthecarboncycleintheIndonesiaseatodefinepotentiallocationofoceanacidification

• Identifyimpactofoceanacidificationoncarbononcoastalecosystemandmarinebiota.

• Developpoliciesrelatedtooceanacidificationtobeincorporatedintonationaldocumentonclimatechange

NationalBudget2017OceanAcidificationResearch

ProposedpHandCO2Sensoronmooringbuoy

• 5RAMAbuoyinIndianOcean• 1ITFbuoyinMakassarstrait

Needfurtherdiscussion

THANKYOU